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【目的】对桉属树木的重要害虫桉树枝瘿姬小蜂Leptocybe invasa胚胎发育及胚后发育生物学特征进行详细调查,以期深入了解该害虫的生物学特征及发生为害规律。【方法】对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂雌性生殖系统、卵、虫瘿进行解剖,观察其胚胎发育和胚后发育过程,测量其各发育阶段的虫瘿、虫室和幼体的体积及薄壁细胞层的厚度。【结果】桉树枝瘿姬小蜂完成胚胎发育约需138 h,由3个阶段组成:产卵后0-24 h为营养物质聚集期;36-84 h为胚胎期;96-138 h为孵化期。桉树枝瘿姬小蜂在虫瘿内完成发育,其发育过程与虫瘿发育过程保持一致。虫瘿结构由3个基本层组成,由外至内分别为表皮层、中间层和薄壁细胞层。桉树枝瘿姬小蜂幼虫体积增长速率随发育时间呈现单峰型,在30 d时增长速率达到最大;虫瘿体积的增长速率呈抛物线状,并且虫瘿内薄壁细胞层厚度随发育时间也呈现抛物线状,其前期增长较快,后期下降变缓。【结论】桉树枝瘿姬小蜂发育至25 d时处于取食量较小的低龄阶段,而虫瘿内薄壁细胞层(食物)厚度已达到最大,为幼虫体积快速增大阶段作好准备。 相似文献
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刺桐姬小蜂生物学特性研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim是新近发现的重要检疫性有害生物,在新加坡、毛里求斯、留尼汪、中国台湾、美国夏威夷和中国大陆深圳对刺桐属植物造成严重危害。本文结合田间观察和室内实验对刺桐姬小蜂生物学特性进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明: 刺桐姬小蜂成虫活动与温度、光照密切相关。补充营养能显著延长雌成虫寿命,但对雄成虫寿命无影响。成虫性比随环境温度变化而变化。该虫的平均怀卵量为275.8粒,30℃时成虫的产卵量和产卵率最高,分别为203.63粒和73.83%。发育起点温度和世代有效积温分别为13.37℃和458.27日·度。温度与发育历期呈显著的负相关(r**=-0.9161)。 相似文献
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Kazunori MATSUO Kumiko KAGOSHIMA Midori TUDA Seiichi MORIYA 《Entomological Science》2011,14(1):100-102
Torymus koreanus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) was reared from galls of Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) for the first time in Japan. We here report morphological features and partial mtDNA sequencing data of T. koreanus. Torymus koreanus has several common characteristics with species of the cyaneus group defined by Zavada (2003 ). According to the key to species groups defined by Graham and Gijswijt (1998 ), it does not belong to any species group because of the entire posterior margin of metasomal tergum five. 相似文献
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Francesco Nugnes Marco Gebiola Maurilia Maria Monti Liberata Gualtieri Massimo Giorgini Jianguo Wang Umberto Bernardo 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
The blue-gum chalcid Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gall wasp pest of Eucalyptus species, likely native to Australia. Over the past 15 years it has invaded 39 countries on all continents where eucalypts are grown. The worldwide invasion of the blue gum chalcid was attributed to a single thelytokous morphospecies formally described in 2004. Subsequently, however, males have been recorded in several countries and the sex ratio of field populations has been found to be highly variable in different areas. In order to find an explanation for such sex ratio differences, populations of L. invasa from a broad geographical area were screened for the symbionts currently known as reproductive manipulators, and both wasps and symbionts were genetically characterized using multiple genes. Molecular analyses suggested that L. invasa is in fact a complex of two cryptic species involved in the rapid and efficient spread of the wasp, the first recovered from the Mediterranean region and South America, the latter from China. All screened specimens were infected by endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the genus Rickettsia. Two closely related Rickettsia strains were found, each infecting one of the two putative cryptic species of L. invasa and associated with different average sex ratios. Rickettsia were found to be localized in the female reproductive tissues and transovarially transmitted, suggesting a possible role of Rickettsia as the causal agent of thelytokous parthenogenesis in L. invasa. Implications for the variation of sex ratio and for the management of L. invasa are discussed. 相似文献
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In 2005, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, 2004 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which induces stem, petiole, and leaf galls on Erythrina variegata L. (Fabaceae), was found on the following six islands in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: Okinawa, Kume, Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Hateruma. Galls were also found in Vietnam. In Japan, no further infestation records have been reported from any of Japan's other south‐western prefectures where Erythrina species grow. Because no Erythrina galls were observed in Okinawa Prefecture before 2005, Q. erythrinae seems to have invaded quite recently. 相似文献
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Cladistic analysis of morphological characters in the eulophine tribe Cirrospilini (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rosichon UBAIDILLAH John LASALLE Donald L. J. QUICKE Jun-ichi KOJIMA 《Entomological Science》2003,6(4):259-279
A total of 56 morphological characters were analyzed for 53 cirrospiline species that represent all of the 17 described genera of the tribe. The other taxa of the Eulophinae included in the analysis were six species of six representative genera in the tribe Eulophini, a species of Elasmus (the only genus comprising the tribe Elasmini), and a species of Trichospilus (unplaced). Trichospilus and two of the six genera of Eulophini examined were placed within Cirrospilini. Monophyly of Cirrospilini (when these two genera of Eulophini and Trichospilus are included) and of the cirrospiline genera for which more than one species were examined was supported, but the relationships between the genera were poorly resolved. An exception was Cirrospilus, the largest genus in the Cirrospilini, monophyly of which was not supported to any extent. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT. 1. Eulophus larvarum (L.) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious parasitoid of lepidopterous larvae feeding on broad-leaved trees. Normally there are two generations a year.
2. Sex ratio in the spring generation of larvae is female biased. The bias is probably due to local mate competition as progeny from one brood emerge from their pupae in close proximity to each other.
3. Sex ratio in the summer generation of larvae is near equality. Local mate competition is absent as individuals from the same brood become separated during the winter.
4. Variation in sex-ratio in the spring generation is consistent with a binomial model. Variation in sex ratio in the summer generation is much greater than expected from a binomial model and there is a large proportion of single-sex broods.
5. Two hypotheses are put forward to explain the summer generation pattern: virgin oviposition, and strong intersexual competition.
6. No differences in clutch size were found between the two generations. 相似文献
2. Sex ratio in the spring generation of larvae is female biased. The bias is probably due to local mate competition as progeny from one brood emerge from their pupae in close proximity to each other.
3. Sex ratio in the summer generation of larvae is near equality. Local mate competition is absent as individuals from the same brood become separated during the winter.
4. Variation in sex-ratio in the spring generation is consistent with a binomial model. Variation in sex ratio in the summer generation is much greater than expected from a binomial model and there is a large proportion of single-sex broods.
5. Two hypotheses are put forward to explain the summer generation pattern: virgin oviposition, and strong intersexual competition.
6. No differences in clutch size were found between the two generations. 相似文献
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Management of imported fire ant species has evolved since their accidental introduction into the United States and currently uses integrated pest management concepts to design, implement, and evaluate suppression programs. Although eradication is the management goal in certain isolated infestation sites, localized goals vary dramatically in larger infestations where reinvasion of treated areas is likely. These goals are influenced by regulatory policies, medical liabilities, ecological impact, and/or economic considerations. Tactics employed in fire ant management programs presented here include cultural and biological control options along with judicious use of site‐specific insecticide products. In addition, program design considerations that include management goal(s), action level(s), ant form (monogyne or polygyne), presence of nontarget ant species, size of treatment area, seasonality, implementation cost, and environmental impact are also presented. Optimally, elegant IPM programs are target specific, threshold driven, environmentally friendly and cost‐effective. 相似文献
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The control of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais in brown rice was estimated by using a reduviid bug, Amphibolus venator, and a pteromalid wasp, Theocolax elegans. Results showed that the simultaneous release of both species of natural enemies could enhance biological control compared with the release of either species alone. 相似文献
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Bruno Zaché Ronelza Rodrigues da Costa Zaché Natália Medeiros de Souza Mário Henrique Ferreira do Amaral Dal Pogetto Carlos Frederico Wilcken 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2012,22(3):363-366
The control of pests in Eucalyptus is complex. Due to this complexity, alternative control methods have been proposed, namely biological control through use of parasitoids. Trichospilus diatraeae is a pupal parasitoid that preferentially attacks species of the order Lepidoptera. This is the first report of T. diatraeae parasitising Eupseudosoma aberrans under lab conditions in Brazil. 相似文献