十八个产地兴安落叶松种皮微形态的研究

对18个不同产地的兴安落叶松种皮微形态进引扫描电镜观察。结果表明,种子背面均为条网状纹饰,腹面为拟脑状纹饰,种孔周围呈条带状皱波纹饰,种孔周围形态存在三种类型。种皮纹饰在种内基本上是稳定的,其中腹面纹饰较背面纹饰的变异幅度大。种皮纹饰特征可以作为兴安落叶松种子鉴定的依据之一。     

SEM analysis of dental enamel morphological structures on the basis of their replicas in patients with systemic calcium deficiency

The aim of the present study is to examine microscopically the surface of dental enamel by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), using their replicas formed in female patients with diagnosed periodontal diseases and systemic calcium deficiency. Replicas of dental enamel surfaces in patients referred for treatment of periodontal diseases were subjected to microscopic analysis. The replicas, after coating with platinum-palladium alloy, were examined under the scanning electron microscope at magnifications of 15–5000 x. Densitometric examinations of spine (L₂ - L₄ segment) revealed bone mineral density BMD T-score lower than −2.5 in 5 patients, in the range of −1.5 to −2.5 in 10 patients, and higher than −1.5 in the remaining patients. Non-homogenous images of surfaces in the form of light and dark areas were observed. Light areas corresponded to damaged surfaces of dental tissues. Patients with higher systemic calcium deficiency had areas lighter in color. More of these areas were found in patients with higher systemic calcium deficiency. It can be assumed that the calcium deficit is likely to appear in the selected dental tissues, particularly in the dental enamel.     

山东假瘤蕨与金鸡脚假瘤蕨的孢子形态研究

采用扫描电镜对山东假瘤蕨(Phymatopsis shandongensis J.X.Li et C.Y.Wang)和金鸡脚假瘤蕨(P.hastata(Thunb.)Pic.Serm.)正常发育的成熟孢子进行了系统地观察研究。结果显示,前者孢壁纹饰属粗糙型,后者孢壁纹饰属粗刺型,两者孢壁纹饰差异显著;孢壁纹饰特征在植物分类中具有重要意义,依据孢壁纹饰,山东假瘤蕨应为一个独立的物种,不宜并入金鸡脚假瘤蕨;建议恢复山东假瘤蕨在植物分类学上的种级地位。本研究还提供了金鸡脚假瘤蕨孢子形态特征;补充了假瘤蕨属的扫描电镜孢壁纹饰新资料。研究结果为弄清这两种植物的分类归属提供了孢粉学依据。     

Origin and evolution of the unusual leaf epidermis of Caryodaphnopsis (Lauraceae)

We studied leaf epidermal anatomy of Caryodaphnopsis Airy Shaw, a genus disjunct between tropical Asia and tropical America, using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. We sampled 10 species of Caryodaphnopsis and 52 species of other Lauraceous genera. Our observations suggest that this genus possesses a unique lower leaf epidermis. Compared with other leaves of Lauraceae, this genus has an additional layer covering the lower leaf epidermis and the stomatal apparatus. The additional layer is either closed or poriferous/reticulate. The outer periclinal walls of the lower leaf epidermis protrude outside forming hollow domes or columns, and the distal endings of these domes or columns are expanded and fused, which forms the additional covering layer. Three different types are recognized in the genus: (1) the middle portion of the protuberances is not contracted and the distal endings are free or adnate to each other, with only limited space between the two layers; (2) the middle portion is slightly contracted in the outer part, the distal endings are fused, with more space between the two layers; (3) the middle portion is conspicuously contracted and elongated into columns, the distal endings are fused and it is roomy between the two layers. The structure of the leaf lower epidermis is reconstructed and illustrated for the first time. This unusual leaf lower epidermis of Caryodaphnopsis is derived in Lauraceae and is an autapomorphic character. Outward protrusions of the outer periclinal walls forming papillate protuberances surrounding the stomatal apparatus are also found in a few other genera including Neocinnamomum, a genus closely related to Caryodaphnopsis, but the distal endings of these protrusions are not expanded and connected. We hypothesize that the periclinal wall of the lower leaf epidermis has been gradually modified in Lauraceae, from a smooth pattern in most genera, to papillate pattern (e.g. Neocinnamomum), and to the double layered lower leaf epidermis in Caryodaphnopsis. The origin and evolution of this unique lower epidermis might have been related to the climatic cooling and aridification since the late Eocene.     

山溪鲵消化道粘膜上皮的扫描电镜研究

用扫描电镜观察了山溪鲵的咽、食管、胃、怕和大肠粘膜上皮表面细微结构及断面的结构特征。发现咽和食道上皮表面有比较宾微脊;胃粘膜上皮表面有微绒毛,周转的长 密集,顶部的短而稀少;胃粘膜上皮表面的微绒毛似苔葡状覆盖在细胞的表面;杯状细胞分布在上皮细胞之间。同时,还讨论了这些结构与机能的关系。     

一株胞内合成纳米磁性颗粒菌株的筛选及鉴定

【目的】从聊城东昌湖湖水中分离纯化出一株可合成纳米磁性颗粒的菌株,将其命名为TZ-1。【方法】对该菌株进行形态学研究、分子生物学鉴定,将TZ-1菌株合成的纳米磁性颗粒进行提取纯化,并对菌体和纳米磁性颗粒进行透射电镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)观察、扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)元素分析,对纳米磁性颗粒进行X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)分析。【结果】经鉴定TZ-1属于伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia sp.)。透射电镜下菌体为杆状,易聚集,有明显的单生鞭毛,有荚膜,在TEM下观察菌体内部有两种电子致密颗粒,较小颗粒分布在菌体细胞膜附近,近似多边形,大小约为60 nm,较大颗粒分布在菌体内部,大小约为180 nm,表面有膜包裹。扫描电镜(SEM)下细胞为杆状,大小与TEM下测量结果一致。SEM下对磁性颗粒进行元素分析,主要为Fe、P、O。根据TEM、SEM、XRD结果推测菌体可合成纳米磁性颗粒。【结论】分离纯化出的菌株TZ-1可合成纳米磁性颗粒,磁性颗粒X射线衍射结果分析知TZ-1合成的纳米磁性颗粒为单斜晶体,主要成分为Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O和Fe3O4。     

头足类腕上吸盘和内壳扫描电镜观察

本文采用扫描电子显微镜对7种头足类腕上的吸盘及乌贼的内壳进行观察。结果表明,蛸科（Octopodidae）的短蛸（Octopus ocellatus）、真蛸（O. vulgaris）和长蛸（O. variabilis）腕的吸盘均无齿,乌贼科（Sepiidae）的日本无针乌贼（Sepia japonica）和金乌贼（S.esculenta）的腕和触腕吸盘上的角质环均有齿,且齿的形状不一样;虎斑乌贼（S. pharoanis）触腕的吸盘角质环光滑无齿,枪乌贼科(Loliginidae)的中国枪乌贼（Uroteuthis chinensis）腕上吸盘的角质环无齿。对３种乌贼的内壳的横切面进行扫描电镜观察,乌贼的内壳的背表面和腹表面的结构均是由文石和铺在上面的球型颗粒构成,但文石的形状和小球的排列存在种间差异,这些差异可以作为头足类的分类辅助特征。     

长鳍篮子鱼消化道黏膜上皮的扫描电镜观察

采用扫描电镜观察了长鳍篮子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)消化道黏膜上皮表面细微的结构特征。结果显示,长鳍篮子鱼食道黏膜为纵行黏膜褶皱,在褶皱上形成\"V\"字型次级褶皱,黏膜上皮表面具有许多分泌孔及较多腺体导管的开口,上皮细胞扁平,似鳞片状,连接紧密。胃黏膜褶皱呈绳状纵向排列,黏膜上皮表面有许多沟回,细胞之间有较多的胃小凹,在上皮表面可见有乳头状突起,未见有微绒毛;上皮细胞为五边形或六边形,无细胞间隙。肠黏膜分布着密集排列的肠绒毛,绒毛呈拇指状或扁平状,黏膜上皮表面呈脑回状,分布有许多分泌颗粒,细胞游离面分布着丰富的微绒毛,细胞为多边形、圆形、不规则形,有细胞间隙。幽门盲囊黏膜上皮的结构与肠道相似。本文探讨了黏膜上皮结构与功能的关系。     

东北蒿属植物比较形态学研究：Ⅰ.种皮结构

本文通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对东北蒿属植物萝组,艾蒿组,艾组,龙蒿组,牡贡组,３５种代表植物种皮的形态特征进行了观察,其中瘦果形态多为倒卵形,长圆形及其它变形,但立体构型多有变化。     

中国东南沿海8种蛸的齿舌形态学研究

近几十年来,依赖于物种表型特征的捕述[1-3],有关头足类种质鉴定和分类体系构建等方面的研究工作不断得到完善和补充[4-6].与分子遗传学标记不同,形态特征受环境因子(如水温、盐度、底质等)影响,而且这些变异的遗传组成又很难确定.     

Occurrence of the genus Ophicrania Kaup (Insecta: Phasmatodea) in Panay island (Philippines) and description of a new species

A distinctive new species of the phasmatodean genus Ophicrania Kaup, 1871 (Phasmatidae: Platycraninae) is described and figured from the Philippines. Ophicrania conlei n. sp. (from Mount Madja-as, on Panay island) is characterized by the bicoloured anal region of the male hind wing, divided into an inner whitish patch, and an outer brownish area. The species is also distinguished from its most similar congeners on the basis of integumental coloration, features of the antennae, thoracic nota, wings, legs, and terminalia. The present study also provides an emended diagnosis of Ophicrania, and an updated checklist of the taxa of Platycraninae recorded from the Philippine archipelago.     

Difference of EGCg adhesion on cell surface between Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli visualized by electron microscopy after novel indirect staining with cerium chloride

We developed a novel method using indirect staining with cerium chloride for visualization of the catechin derivative epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) on the surface of particles, i.e., polystyrene beads and bacterial cells, by electron microscopy. The staining method is based on the fact that in an alkaline environment, EGCg produces hydrogen peroxide, and then hydrogen peroxide reacts with cerium, resulting in a cerium hydroperoxide precipitate. This precipitate subsequently reacts with EGCg to produce larger deposits. The amount of precipitate is proportional to the amount of EGCg. Highly EGCg-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and EGCg-resistant Escherichia coli were treated with EGCg under various pH conditions. Transmission electron microscopy observation showed that the amount of deposits on S. aureus increased with an increase in EGCg concentration. After treating bacterial cells with 0.5 mg/mL EGCg (pH 6.0), attachment of EGCg was significantly lower to E. coli than to S. aureus. This is the first report that shows differences in affinity of EGCg to the cell surfaces of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria by electron microscopy.     

凤仙花属（Impatiens L.）10种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了10种凤仙花属（Impatiens L.）植物的花粉形态。结果表明：本属花粉为单粒花粉,呈长圆形至长矩圆形,大小为20.3～46.7 μm,具角萌发孔,网状纹饰,网眼明显;根据花粉网状纹饰中网眼内是否具颗粒状突起可将其分为2类：（1）网眼内无或近无颗粒状突起,黄金凤（I. siculifer）和婺源凤仙花（I. wuyuanensis）的花粉纹饰属于这一类型;（2）网眼内有明显颗粒状突起,其余8个种的花粉纹饰均属于该类型。研究表明,花粉特征,特别是花粉粒网状纹饰中网眼内有无颗粒状突起及颗粒状突起的形态等特征,在凤仙花属内常具种水平上的可见变异,因而可作为种类划分的依据,它们在分类学上的价值应予以关注。     

不同类型灵芝品种的农艺性状、显微结构以及功能成分的比较

以育粉灵芝‘G-HN01’、‘G-XZ01’、‘G-LQ01’和育芝灵芝‘G-LQ02’两类品种为比较研究对象,进行袋料栽培实验。观测比较发现4个灵芝品种的菌丝生长速度和袋料栽培模式的子实体农艺性状差异显著;利用扫描电镜观测比较两种类型灵芝品种子实体显微结构差异,无孢子品种在显微结构上与其他3种育粉灵芝有着明显的区别;测定4个品种代料栽培子实体中功效成分及总的抗氧化能力,结果显示3个育粉品种之间功效成分和抗氧化活性上有显著差异,但育粉品种和育芝品种之间含量差异不显著。