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1.
女性泌尿道感染常见细菌菌群分布及耐药性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的了解中山大学第一附属医院近5年住院及门诊女性尿路感染致病菌菌群分布及耐药性情况,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法选择2002年1月至2006年4月门诊及住院女性尿培养阳性的尿路感染患者,分析其细菌培养结果及对抗生素的耐药性。结果共分离出876株病原细菌,革兰阴性菌占76.7%(672株),其中大肠埃希菌占49.2%(431株),肺炎克雷伯菌占7.9%(70株);革兰阳性菌占23.3%(204株),其中粪肠球菌占7.5%(66株),屎肠球菌占5.4%(47株)。主要的革兰阴性菌及革兰阳性菌对喹诺酮类的耐药性均高达50%~80%以上,革兰阴性菌敏感的抗菌药包括亚胺培南、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦;革兰阳性菌敏感的抗菌药包括万古霉素、替考拉宁。结论女性泌尿道感染仍以大肠埃希菌为主,耐药菌株不断增多,临床治疗应参考药敏结果合理选用抗菌药。  相似文献   

2.
During a period of four years, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli of particular serotypes have been isolated from 255 elderly (>65 years) patients from four hospitals in central Israel. 83% of the isolates belonged to one of four predominant serotypes (O153:H31, O101:H-, O2:H42, and O102:H6). All isolates were producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases and resistant to ciprofloxacin. To our knowledge, the involved serotypes have hitherto not been reported as etiological agents of extraintestinal human infections (MEDLINE). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of isolates from one of the most frequent serotypes indicated a clonal relationship between them. Further investigation of these strains and analysis of their virulence factors may help to confine their spread.  相似文献   

3.
    
Euphorbia lateriflora is used in ethnomedicine for treating several conditions, including genital and urinary tract infections (UTI). Although ethnobotanical claims support its use in therapy, there is limited evidence on its effect on UTI, even though UTI remains a public health problem in Nigeria especially due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. We investigated the activity of E. lateriflora extracts and fractions on bacterial and fungal isolates from symptomatic urinary tract infections and vaginosis respectively. Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted on dried pulverised leaves. Successive gradient extraction was carried out with the aid of a soxhlet extractor with n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol respectively. Bioactivity guided fractionation was conducted on the ethyl acetate extract using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion was conducted on test isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates to extracts and fractions was done using the agar well diffusion technique. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Biocidal Concentrations (MBC) were determined by agar and broth dilutions respectively. Time-kill assay of the ethyl acetate extract was conducted using the viable count technique. Phytochemicals present include saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The majority of isolates used in this study were multidrug resistant. Extracts and fractions of E. lateriflora produced appreciable zones of inhibition on both antibiotic susceptible and resistant bacteria with MICs of 6.25 mg/mL and MBC ranging from 6.25–50 mg/mL. Bactericidal activity of the ethyl acetate extract was concentration and time dependent with 100% kill at 25 mg/mL after 6 h for E. coli and 2 h for C. albicans. Euphorbia lateriflora contains phytochemicals which possess antimicrobial activity on antibiotic resistant bacteria and has potential in the development of chemotherapeutics for bacterial and fungal infections.  相似文献   

4.
目的 调查尿路感染患者尿液标本中病原菌的分布及其耐药状况分析,以促进临床合理选择抗生素,降低细菌的耐药率。方法 回顾性分析2010年至2014年门诊及住院患者9 674例尿液培养阳性标本,采用WHONET5.6软件对药敏结果进行统计分析。结果 9 674株细菌中,检出率排在前5位的分别是大肠埃希菌(32.63%)、粪肠球菌(10.56%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(8.75%)、热带念珠菌(6.63%)、奇异变形杆菌(5.82%)。肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星有较高的敏感率;粪肠球菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁、利奈唑胺的平均耐药率分别为5.1%、4.6%、4.6%,且耐药率有下降的趋势(P<0.05);热带念珠菌对5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B的平均耐药率为3.4%、2.2%,对5-氟胞嘧啶的耐药率有下降趋势(P<0.05),对两性霉素B的耐药率有升高趋势(P<0.05)。结论 5年间尿路感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,经过整治后大部分抗菌药物的耐药率有下降趋势。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨婴儿泌尿道感染的病原菌构成及其耐药情况,以指导临床合理用药。方法对2012年5月至2013年7月某院门诊及住院婴儿送检的尿标本进行分离培养,用全自动微生物鉴定/药敏系统进行菌种鉴定和药敏试验,同时对大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌进行超广谱β-内酰胺酶检测。结果婴儿泌尿道感染以大肠埃希菌检出率最高(46.24%),其余依次是粪肠球菌(22.04%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(7.80%)、屎肠球菌(5.37%)、铜绿假单胞菌(4.30%)。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶检出率分别为46.51%和58.62%。革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南的耐药率为0,对氨苄西林耐药率最高(〉80%)。革兰阳性菌对万古霉素耐药率为0,对苯唑西林、妥布霉素的耐药率100%。结论婴儿泌尿道感染病原菌以大肠埃希菌为主;大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶检出率高,应引起重视;临床医师要根据药敏结果指导用药,对危重病例和存在泌尿道畸形反复发作病例,革兰阴性菌可选用亚胺培南、美罗培南,革兰阳性菌可选用万古霉素。  相似文献   

6.
目的 分析下呼吸道感染患者病原菌分布及耐药性,指导临床合理用药。方法 收集我院2013年至2015年院内感染患者痰标本进行细菌培养和药物敏感性试验。结果 3年共收集下呼吸道痰液标本21 615份,分离病原菌5 621株,阳性率为26.0%;其中革兰阴性(G-)菌4 249株,占75.6%,以铜绿假单胞菌居多(20.7%);真菌764株,占13.6%,以白假丝酵母居多(12.6%);革兰阳性(G+)菌608株,占10.8%,以金黄色葡萄球菌居多(9.9%)。药物敏感试验结果显示:G-杆菌对亚胺培南、美洛培南耐药率最低,对青霉素类、喹诺酮类和部分三代头孢类等抗菌药耐药率较高(>50.0%)。G+球菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药率为零,对青霉素类、喹诺酮类和红霉素等抗菌药耐药率较高(>40.0%)。结论 下呼吸道感染患者病原菌以G-杆菌为主,耐药性呈增长趋势,临床应加大病原菌分布检测及其耐药性监测力度,及时调整抗菌药物用药。  相似文献   

7.
医院内尿路感染致病菌变迁及其耐药性监测分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的调查院内尿路感染致病菌分布及耐药性变化情况.方法对我院1998年1月-2000 年12月医院内尿路感染患者分离的细菌菌株、真菌菌株及细菌耐药性进行回顾性调查.结果 医院内尿路感染仍以G 菌为主(39.9%),其次为真菌(32.9%),G+菌(27.2%);G -菌以大肠埃希菌为主(41.7%),G+菌以D组链球菌为主(50.3%),真菌以白色念珠菌为主(44.7%),与19 98年分离的菌株相比,2000年G 菌所占比例有下降趋势,而真菌由25.7%上升至36.6%(P< 0.05),3年间主要病原菌对常用抗生素的耐药率基本呈上升趋势.结论院内尿路感染致病菌正在发生变迁 ,耐药性严重,临床应重视病原学检查,开展细菌耐药性监测,合理使用抗生素.  相似文献   

8.
目的分析无锡市某三甲医院尿路感染(urinary tract infections,UTI)患者的病原学特征及耐药趋势,为制定精准防控策略和遏制耐药性传播提供数据支持。方法基于2020—2024年1651份尿培养数据,系统分析病原菌分布及耐药性特征,结合实验室检测与临床用药数据,探讨耐药机制与药物选择。结果病原菌分析显示,革兰阴性菌占71.65%,以大肠埃希菌为主;革兰阳性菌占17.26%,以粪肠球菌与屎肠球菌为主;真菌占11.08%,以白假丝酵母为主。耐药性分析显示,革兰阴性菌对第三代头孢菌素耐药率较高,其中碳青霉烯耐药菌株检出率峰值达2.37%(2021年);对氟喹诺酮类(环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星)耐药率超50.00%。革兰阳性菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素敏感。结论尿路感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,建议加强实验室检测能力并规范临床用药,警惕多重耐药菌的流行。  相似文献   

9.
We investigated the efficacy of Tachyplesin III alone or combined with piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) to prevent biofilm formation in vitro and in a rat model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ureteral stent infection. We have observed that in vitro TZP, in presence of Tachyplesin III, showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC)s twofold and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC)s eightfold lower. The in vivo study showed that rats that received intraperitoneal TZP showed the lowest bacterial numbers. Tachyplesin III combined with TZP showed efficacies higher than that of each single compound. Coating ureteral stents with Tachyplesin III is able to inhibit bacterial growth up to 1000 times.  相似文献   

10.
目的调查临床送检中段尿标本菌群分布及体外抗生素耐药性,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年6月住院患者送检中段尿标本中,分离的1272株细菌(剔除重复菌株)临床分布及耐药性。采用美国BDphoenix100全自动细菌鉴定药敏分析仪进行菌种鉴定及药敏试验,结合相关临床资料,应用WHONET5.6分析软件进行耐药性分析。结果从分离到的l272株细菌中,检出前5位的细菌是大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌和铜绿假单胞菌,构成比分别为20.3%、14.4%、14.2%、9.4%和7.4%。肠杆菌对氨苄西林的耐药率最高为93.9%,耐药率较低的有亚胺培南、美洛培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和多粘菌素B,它们的耐药率在10.5%~15.9%。非发酵菌对氯霉素、氨苄西林、头孢唑啉和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率最高在90.1%~100%,对多粘菌素B和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率较低,分别为7.7%和16.9%。肠球菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素、替考拉宁和呋西地酸的耐药率最低,分别为2.6%、7.2%、8.8%和8.8%;葡萄球菌对万古霉素的耐药率为0,对喹奴普汀-达福普汀的耐药率为0.8%,对呋哺妥因、替考拉宁、夫西地酸、利奈唑胺、利福平的耐药率在2.5%~10.7%。结论泌尿系统感染主要病原菌为肠杆菌和肠球菌,由于各病原菌均存在不同程度的耐药性,临床医师应根据尿液细菌培养结果,科学合理使用抗菌药物。  相似文献   

11.
External beam radiation therapy (EMRT) is effective for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Lower urinary tract infections (LUTIs) are considered one of the main possible adverse events related to External beam radiation therapy. Here we analyzed the incidence of LUTI during EMRT. Urinary tract infection was assumed when the findings of bacteriuria exceeded 100,000 units/mL, accompanied by specific cystitis symptoms. Among the total 540 analyzed patient, 208 (38.5%) developed a LUTI. E. coli was the main microorganism involved in LUTIs (102, 49.04%) with 8 cases of a combination between E. coli and another germ. In conclusion, a risk of urinary infections in cancer patients treated with pelvic radiotherapy was observed, in order to reduce the use of antibiotic resistance, preventive treatment with non-antibiotic agents 5 are warranted.  相似文献   

12.
目的研究风湿性疾病中尿路感染大肠埃希菌对左氧氟沙星耐药性及相关危险因素。方法中国医科大学附属第一医院风湿免疫科2009年1月至2013年12月125株住院患者清洁中段尿培养所分离出大肠埃希菌,依据是否耐药分为两组。分析耐药组相关危险因素。结果 5年来大肠埃希菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率呈逐渐上升趋势。耐药组对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、哌拉西林、复方新诺明的耐药率高于非耐药组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。慢性病程、既往喹诺酮类药物应用史、既往尿路感染、菌株产ESBLs为耐药危险因素。各风湿性疾病间耐药率比较差异未见统计学意义。结论风湿性疾病尿路感染危险因素与其他疾病尿路感染危险因素类似。临床工作中应加强对危险因素监视和控制。  相似文献   

13.
    
A functional synergy was previously demonstrated between microcin, salmochelin and colibactin islands in Escherichia coli strains from B2 phylogroup. We aimed to determine this association prevalence in uropathogenic E. coli, and whether it was predictive of the infection severity in a collection of 225 E. coli strains from urinary samples. The high prevalence of this triad, even if it wasn’t correlated with infection severity, suggested that it might not be a virulence factor per se within the urinary tract, but would promote its colonization. This triad would enable the strain to dominate the rectal reservoir with a minimal genetic cost.  相似文献   

14.
李月桂  黄晨娟  凌寿坚  邓辉  何亚利  梁顺容 《生物磁学》2013,(30):5965-5967,6000
目的:研究由阴性杆菌致尿路感染患者对氧哌嗪青霉素-他唑巴坦钠耐体外药敏情况。方法:选取并分析2012年1月-2013年1月尿路感染患者尿液培养出的195株致病菌的分布及对氧哌嗪青霉素-他唑巴坦钠的耐药情况。结果:致病菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主共有128例(65.64%),革兰阳性菌共有59例(30.25%),致病菌对氧哌嗪青霉素-他唑巴坦钠均有明显的耐药性(P〈0.05)。结论:革兰阴性杆菌是尿路感染的主要致病菌,且对氧哌嗪青霉素-他唑巴坦钠具有较强的耐药性。  相似文献   

15.
2000年广州地区常见病原菌耐药性监测   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
目的:对广州地区临床分离菌进行耐药性监测,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法:采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,用whonet软件进行统计和分析。结果:耐甲氧床西林的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分别占50.8%和79.1%,未发现耐万古霉素的葡萄球菌,大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属未发现耐亚胺培南,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的发生率为36.4%和31.7%,肠杆菌属、不动杆菌属对第三代头孢菌素的耐药率较高,铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶和亚胺培南仍较敏感。结论:了解细菌耐药的最新动态,对临床合理用药具有重要意义。  相似文献   

16.
微生物组被定义为在特定微生态环境的微生物总和。随着基因测序技术的进步,人类微生物组的多样性和其在生理病理过程中的动态变化受到了广泛关注。通过测序技术,研究人员检测到了通过标准尿液培养技术无法识别的细菌,从而证实了泌尿系统中微生物组的存在,这使得泌尿道微生物相关研究引起了广泛关注。目前,尿路菌群失调及其与尿路感染相关性的研究尚处于起步阶段,但取得了迅速的进展,并提供了潜在的治疗策略。本综述旨在研究尿路感染的特征,分析尿路的微生物组特征,并探讨微生物组与尿路感染发病机制之间的关系,以期推动预防和治疗尿路感染方法的创新发展。  相似文献   

17.
Abstract A short-term oral administration of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, strain Sillix Hansen DSM 1883, resulted in enhanced resistance of mice toward infections with K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes A produced by intranasal inoculation. Yeast pre-treatment also increased the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in bacterial infections and of antiviral drugs in viral infections. Yeast treatment of animals stimulated phagocytosis, activated the complement system and induced interferon which are likely to represent the main mechanisms of action whereby pretreatment of mice with live S. cerevisiae cells increases resistance to infection. It is concluded that preventive administration of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells should be used for increasing resistance to bacterial infections, in particular of the respiratory tract, or to viral infections, as well as an adjunct to antibiotic and antiviral drug therapy.  相似文献   

18.
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is the most common nosocomial infection, and contributes to patient morbidity and mortality. We investigated the effect that the TA adhesive antibiotic had on adhesion and initial growth in urine of Escherichia coli on silicone rubber. The TA antibiotic had reduced adhesion, and inhibited initial growth of the bacteria on the surface. Since adhesion and initial growth on the surface are an essential part of biofilm formation and subsequent infection, we speculate that the TA antibiotic coating might decrease the infection rate associated with indwelling urinary catheter.  相似文献   

19.
目的通过分析2007年到2010年舟山医院2 688例胆汁标本中病原菌的分布及耐药状况,为临床合理用药提供实验依据。方法对2 688例胆汁标本进行细菌培养、鉴定和药敏分析。结果 2 688例胆汁标本中共检出阳性标本611例(阳性率22.7%),其中革兰阴性菌占82.2%(502/611),革兰阳性菌占13.3%(81/611),真菌占4.6%(28/611)。主要的病原菌为大肠埃希菌(40.3%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(15.4%)、肠球菌(11.3%);阴沟肠杆菌(4.7%)等。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的ESBLs阳性菌株的比例达到了21.0%和5.9%,其中ESBLs阴性菌株对头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、美罗培南和阿米卡星等药物较为敏感,而ESBLs阳性菌株只对美罗培南和亚胺培南敏感;革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、氨苄西林较敏感。结论舟山地区胆道感染以革兰阴性菌为主,大肠埃希菌产ESBLs的菌株有较高的比例,临床应加强对抗生素的合理使用。  相似文献   

20.
目的观察大连地区5家医院(大连医科大学附属一院、大连医科大学附属二院、大连儿童医院、大连市第六人民医院、大连开发区医院)2012年7岁以下儿童感染病原菌分布及其耐药情况。方法临床分离菌株,采用细菌分离鉴定方法(API、VITEK、Microsean系统)进行目标细菌的鉴定,药物敏感性试验用K—B纸片扩散法测定药物的敏感性。结果共收集细菌1235株,其中革兰阴性菌725株占58.7%,革兰阳性菌510株占41.3%;分离细菌前5位依次为大肠埃希菌占14.9%、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌占13.6%、金黄色葡萄球菌占11.7%、肺炎克雷伯菌占10.8%、铜绿假单胞菌占7.4%。结论7岁以下儿童感染致病菌对抗生素均存在不同程度耐药情况,期望在临床治疗感染时有所帮助。  相似文献   

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