中国蒺藜科植物黄酮类化学成分分析及其化学分类学意义

采用薄层层析和高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)等方法,对中国蒺藜科5属的代表性植物中的黄酮类成分进行了分析研究,并结合其它分类学性状进行了初步讨论,我们同意(1)支持Engler(1931)骆驼蓬亚科(Peganoideae)地位;(2)支持Takhtajan(1987)白刺科(Nitrariaceae)的恢复;(3)支持EI-Hadidi(1977)刺蒺藜科(Tribulaceae)的建立。     

The plastome mutator of Oenothera continues to function as originally described

Summary Recently, Lindenhahn et al. (1985) hypothesized that the plastome mutator (pm) system in Oenothera originated through contaiminating cross-pollination and that the variegation was an example of hybrid plastome-genome incompatibility. Their evidence was based on restriction pattern analyses of white sectors which showed wild-type plastome III patterns rather than the wild-type plastome I patterns of the green portions of their plants. Their hypothesis does not adequately account for the results which our laboratories have obtained independently; the pm-system of Oenothera continues to generate many new and different plastome mutations following the genetic parameters as published originally (Epp 1973). Our studies support mutator gene function. The restriction pattern of the chloroplast DNA of five newly isolated pm-induced variegation sectors are reported here to show a restriction pattern identical to the green wild-type plastids. The restriction pattern reported by Lindenhahn et al. (1985) for their white sector plastids is different than we would expect from a pm-induced plastome mutation. Their overall analysis did not utilize many of the salient features of the genetics of Oenothera and of the pm-system. The white sectors they observed are probably due to an accidental contamination by plastome III plastids. Suggestions are made for delineating experimentally plastome mutations and hybrid incompatibility. For future analyses, a comparative study of numerous pm-induced sectors is recommended, since the pm-system readily generates many different plastome mutations with independent origins. This comparison would greatly assist in the interpretation of restriction patterns.     

Reproductive structures and phylogenetic framework of the rosids - progress and prospects

With ca 70.000 species the rosids contain more than a quarter of the total angiosperm species diversity. This taxonomic richness is reflected in a tremendous variety of floral organization and architecture. Rosids have received extensive molecular phylogenetic study. As a result, the monophyly and taxonomic composition of the group are well established. In addition, many subclades at the order level are now apparent. Deeper relationships, however, are still largely equivocal. As in many other parts of the plant tree of life, it will be impossible to reach an adequate understanding of the evolutionary history of the rosids without taking into account information from comparative morphological studies of extant and, in particular, also of fossil taxa. The fossil record of rosids is rich in well-preserved reproductive structures, and together with recent results from comparative studies of extant rosids, provides a wealth of floral structural data. Although much remains to be done at all levels, fresh attempts to synthesize and possibly reconcile results from molecular phylogenetics, comparative floral morphology, and palaeobotany, seem timely.     

A Five-Base-Pair-Deletion in the Gene for the Large Subunit Causes the Lesion in the Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase-Deficient Plastome Mutant Sigma of Oenothera hookeri

The gene for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) has been mapped on the Oenothera hookeri plastid chromosome. It is located close to the gene for the herbicide-binding “32 kd” protein of the photosystem II reaction center (psbA), at a position different from that found in the ancestral angiosperm type of plastid chromosomes, due to an inversion in the large single-copy region. The gene codes for a polypeptide of 475 amino acid residues corresponding to a molecular mass of 52.7 kd. The deduced amino acid composition diverges by 4.8% from the amino acid sequence of the spinach protein and by 8.2% from that of maize. The corresponding nucleotide sequences differ by 8.5 % and 15 % from each other. The rbcL gene of the RuBPcase/oase-deficient Oenothera plastome mutant sigma contains a TTAAC deletion at amino acid residues 270/271 which introduces a frame shift and an amber stop codon seven triplets later. This lesion which probably arose by slipped mispairing is consistent with the previously observed, virtually full-length mRNA that is decoded into a truncated large subunit polypeptide of approximately 30 kd in vitro and in vivo.     

Comparative exine ontogeny in some members of the family Zygophyllaceae sensu lato

Summary. Exine ontogeny is studied in five taxa of the family Zygophyllaceae sensu lato (Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllum album L., Fagonia cretica L., Tribulus terrestris L., and Nitraria retusa [Forsk.] Asch.). In the beginning of the tetrad stage, the plasmalemma is attached to the callose wall, except in T. terrestris, where it describes crests and hollows. The primexine matrix is fibrillar, bilayered in T. terrestris and unilayered in the other taxa. In all species except P. harmala, the procolumellae are heterogeneous with clear zones and they become compact later. In T. terrestris, they are built on the crests. In Z. album and T. terrestris, a primordial nexinic lamella is set up. It is tripartite with a white line seen at some levels; on its external leaflet, the foot layer is observed, and on its internal leaflet, there is the endexine with numerous lamellae. This white line disappears often in the mature exine. In T. terrestris, there is a thick nexine that is coarsely lamellate inside. In the aperture zone, the columellae are lacking, the tectum and the foot layer get thinner; they unite and form the apertural membrane with the external part of the endexine. There is a granulolamellar endexinic zone well developed in P. harmala, whereas it is threelayered and weakly developed in T. terrestris. Correspondence and reprints: Laboratoire de Botanique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia.     

唐古特白刺叶黄酮类及酚酸类成分的分离鉴定

从蒺藜科植物唐古特白刺（ＮｉｔｒａｒｉａｔａｎｇｕｔｏｒｕｍＢｏｒ．）叶中分得８个黄酮类及酚酸类化合物,经理化常数测定和波谱学方法确定了它们的化学结构,分别为：３甲氧基４羟基反式桂皮酸（１）、对羟基反式肉桂酸（２）、３羟基４甲氧基苯甲酸（３）、邻羟基苯甲酸（４）、３,５二甲醚山柰黄素７ＯβＤ葡萄糖甙（５）、３甲醚山柰黄素７ＯβＤ葡萄糖甙（６）、异鼠李素７ＯβＤ葡萄糖甙（７）、异鼠李素３ＯβＤ芸香糖甙（８）。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中得到,可以作为白刺属化学分类学的特征性化合物。