Galactomannan Testing and the Incidence of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A 10-Year Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan

BackgroundThe clinical impact of the galactomannan (GM) test for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is controversial. Our study evaluated the incidence and trends of IPA and GM testing in patients with aspergillus infections.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide inpatient population study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 346 IPA (62.14% male) patients from the years 2002 to 2011 were identified for inclusion in the study.ResultsThe average incidence of IPA was 1.51 per million person-years. Over the study period, we observed an increasing trend from 0.94 to 2.06 per million person-years (P < 0.0001). We observed male predominance in IPA incidence (M/F: 1.85/1.15). Both males and females showed significantly increasing trends of IPA incidence over time (0.87 to 4.55 and 0.36 to 2.07 per million person-years for the males and females, respectively). GM testing for IPA significantly increased from 2002 to 2011, and the GM test was utilized more frequently for males than females. The increase in the incidence of IPA might be positively associated with the increase in GM testing over the past decade.ConclusionThe incidence rates of both IPA and GM testing have increased over time. GM testing is recommended for the early diagnosis of patients with suspected aspergillosis.     

The Optimal Parathyroid Hormone Cut-Off Threshold for Early and Safe Management of Hypocalcemia After Total Thyroidectomy

ObjectiveTo define optimal intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) cut-off threshold predictive of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy for safe and effective postoperative management.MethodsThis prospective single center study was done in 2 phases. In phase I, predictors of symptomatic hypocalcemia were analyzed and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define the optimal iPTH cut-off threshold predictive of hypocalcemia. Phase II studied giving prompt prophylactic supplemental calcium and vitamin D to all patients who had iPTH levels below the calculated threshold, while phase I patients were given prompt selective supplementation if they had postoperative hypocalcemia or symptoms.ResultsUnivariate analysis of patients in phase I showed that postoperative iPTH was the only significant variable that can predict symptomatic hypocalcemia. Using receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index, the confirmed optimal cut-off threshold predictive of hypocalcemia was iPTH 19.95 pg/mL, with area under the curve of 0.903, 100% sensitivity, negative predictive value, and highest Youden index, while iPTH 15 pg/mL and iPTH 10 pg/mL were less optimal. Symptomatic hypocalcemia occurred in 30% of the phase I cohort who received selective supplementation versus 3% of those in the phase II cohort who received prophylactic supplementation. Return to emergency department and need for intravenous calcium were also significantly better in phase II.ConclusioniPTH cut-off for post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia was 19.95 pg/mL. Low-risk patients were discharged with no supplementation while all high-risk patients received prompt calcium and vitamin D supplementation, which led to effective hypocalcemia management and safe 24-hour discharge.     

国产血清半乳甘露聚糖检测试剂对侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的诊断价值评估

目的：评估国产血清半乳甘露聚糖（Galactomannan,GM）检测试剂对侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的诊断价值。方法根据血液病/恶性肿瘤患者侵袭性真菌病的诊断标准与治疗原则（第四次修订版）[1]收集临床确诊侵袭性肺曲霉菌病（inva-sive pulmonary aspergillosis,IPA）、临床诊断IPA、拟诊IPA、排除IPA四组病例。采用天津贻诺琦公司酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）试剂检测纳入的86例患者血清标本的GM浓度,分析其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）。结果86例病例中,临床诊断27例、拟诊12例、排除47例。在3种不同的阳性判断标准下,敏感性：9444%、9630%、6296%;特异性：5625%、4576%、6441%;PPV：4474%、4483%、4474%;NPV：9643%、9643%、7917%。统计学分析证实标准1（即血清GM值〉095μg/L为阳性,〈075μg/L为阴性,075~095μg/L为灰区,未将灰区加入计算）在3种判断标准中最优,故选择其为最终判断标准。结论该血清GM检测试剂盒诊断性能较好,可以用于侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的辅助诊断。     

Performance of the (1,3)-Beta-d-Glucan Assay on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for the Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Detection of (1,3)-beta-d-glucan (BDG), a component of the cell wall of many fungi, was studied in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as a possible aid for the diagnosis of proven/probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). BDG was measured on stored BALF from 13 patients with EORTC/MSGERC defined proven/probable IPA and 26 matched control patients without IPA. The median BALF BDG was 80 pg/mL (range <?45–8240 pg/mL) in the IPA cohort and 148 pg/mL (range <?45–5460 pg/mL) in the non-IPA cohort. Using a positive cutoff of?≥?80 pg/mL, sensitivity was 54% and specificity was 38%. Higher cutoff values led to improvement in specificity but a dramatic decrease in sensitivity. ROC/AUC analysis was unable to identify an optimal cutoff value at which test performance was enhanced: AUC 0.43, 95% CI 0.24–0.63. When the BDG assay was performed on BALF, neither sensitivity nor specificity was sufficient for use in the diagnosis of IPA.

     

Local retrospective analysis of galactomannan cut-off values in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis

Galactomannan antigen (GM) testing has been used for decades to screen immunocompromised patients for invasive aspergillosis (IA). Recent publications suggested that using a higher cut-off value than 0.5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) could be more discriminant for hematology patients. We retrospectively analyzed the values of GM in BALF over 7 years (from 2010 to 2016). Performance indicators of the GM in BALF, according to three different cut-off values (0.5, 0.8, 1.5), were calculated using Stata 14.1. IA classification for hematology patients was based on European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria, as defined in 2008. A number of 716 GM were performed on BALF from 2010 to 2016 (597 patients) and 66 were positive (>?0.5). Among these 597 patients, 27 IA were diagnosed, 13 with a positive GM in BALF, 9 with a negative GM in BALF, and 5 unclassified IA (ICU patients). The analysis of performance indicators, based on our local data, did not demonstrate any significant difference using a higher cut-off value of GM in BALF. This result may be explained by the local recruitment of patients and by pre-analytic variations during BALF realization.     

Diagnostic accuracy of on-site coronary computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve in the diagnosis of stable coronary artery disease

Purpose

Invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR), the reference standard for identifying significant coronary artery disease (CAD), can be estimated non-invasively by computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR). Commercially available off-site CT-FFR showed improved diagnostic accuracy compared to coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) alone. However, the diagnostic performance of this lumped-parameter on-site method is unknown. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of on-site CT-FFR in patients with suspected CAD.

Methods

A total of 61 patients underwent CCTA and invasive coronary angiography with FFR measured in 88 vessels. Significant CAD was defined as FFR and CT-FFR below 0.80. CCTA with stenosis above 50% was regarded as significant CAD. The diagnostic performance of both CT-FFR and CCTA was assessed using invasive FFR as the reference standard.

Results

Of the 88 vessels included in the analysis, 34 had an FFR of ≤?0.80. On a per-vessel basis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 91.2%, 81.4%, 93.6%, 75.6% and 85.2% for CT-FFR and were 94.1%, 68.5%, 94.9%, 65.3% and 78.4% for CCTA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.91 and 0.85 for CT-FFR and CCTA, respectively, on a per-vessel basis.

Conclusion

On-site non-invasive FFR derived from CCTA improves diagnostic accuracy compared to CCTA without additional testing and has the potential to be integrated in the current clinical work-up for diagnosing stable CAD.

     

Salivary gland ultrasonography: a highly specific tool for the early diagnosis of primary Sj?gren’s syndrome

IntroductionRecently, a great interest has arisen for salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) as a valuable tool for the assessment of major salivary gland involvement in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS. The aims of this study were to test the accuracy of SGUS for the early detection of pSSand to compare the diagnostic performance of SGUS with minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) and unstimulated salivary flow (USFR) in this context.MethodPatients with suspected pSS and symptoms duration of ≤5 years were consecutively enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of pSS was made according to the AECG criteria. SGUS was performed by two radiologists blinded to the diagnosis and a previously reported ultrasound scoring system (De Vita et al. 1992, cut-off ≥ 1) was used to grade the echostructure alterations of the salivary glands. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v16.ResultsThis study included 50 pSS patients and 57 controls with no-SS sicca symptoms. The mean(SD) age of the pSS group was lower than non-SS group (47(13) vs 53(12)yrs, p = 0.006). No further differences between the two groups were observed. Patients with pSS showed a significantly higher SGUS score in comparison with controls (mean(SD) = 2.1(1.8) vs 0.0(0.4), p = 0.000). The SGUS cut-off ≥ 1 showed a sensitivity (SE) of 66 %, a specificity (SP) of 98 %, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 97 % and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 73 % for pSS diagnosis. The SGUS score correlated also with patients’ MSGB/FS and USFR.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the good performance of SGUS for the early non-invasive diagnosis of pSS. Further research in larger international cohort of patients is mandatory in order to assess the role of SGUS in the diagnostic algorithm of pSS.     

冠状动脉CTA结合动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图诊断冠状动脉硬化性心脏病的价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨冠状动脉CTA结合动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图对冠状动脉硬化性心脏病（冠心病）的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2022年1月-2023年2月在我院疑似冠心病的患者104例,所有患者均行冠状动脉造影、冠状动脉CTA、动态心电图及临床相关实验室检查。以冠状动脉造影结果作为诊断冠心病的金标准,分析比较冠状动脉CTA、动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图及两者联合诊断冠心病的诊断效能和一致性。结果：104例疑似冠心病的患者确诊93例（89.42%）。冠状动脉CTA诊断冠心病的敏感性为90.32%,特异性为72.73%,阳性预测值为96.55%,阴性预测值为47.06%,准确率为88.46%,与冠状动脉造影的Kappa值为0.813,一致性好。动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图诊断冠心病的敏感性为84.95%,特异性为63.64%,阳性预测值为95.18%,阴性预测值为33.33%,准确率为82.69%,与冠状动脉造影的Kappa值为0.724,一致性较好。有夜间ST段动态改变的冠心病检出率（84.95%,79/93）明显高于无夜间ST段动态改变的冠心病检出率（15.05%,14/93）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。冠状动脉CTA结合动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图诊断冠心病的敏感性为96.77%,特异性为90.91%,阳性预测值为98.90%,阴性预测值为76.92%,准确率为96.15%,与冠状动脉造影的Kappa值为0.923,一致性好。结论：冠状动脉CTA结合动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图诊断冠心病的临床价值优于冠状动脉CTA或动态心电图夜间ST段趋势图单独检查。     

Galactomannan-Based and PCR-Based Assays in Bronchoalveolar Lavage to Diagnose Invasive Aspergillosis: Current Status and Future Prospects

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening complication in patients receiving chemotherapy or undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia. The existing tools to diagnose IPA lack specificity or sensitivity, or both; the search for improved diagnostic tools for IPA has focused on novel serologic and molecular methods. Aspergillus Galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GM) analyses showed sensitivity rates in serum samples ranging in a wide span; testing GM in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) originated from the primary site of the infection seems to be more sensitive in patients with IPA. Other novel diagnostic markers to detect fungal DNA directly in clinical samples, rapidly, early, sensitively and specifically, are provided by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assays; higher sensitivity and specificity rates have been observed for BAL samples in IPA, even under antifungal treatment. The clinical place value of a diagnostic approach combining PCR and GM in BAL is unclear.     

Galactomannan detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Prompt diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains a challenge. Galactomannan (GM) assay in serum has been incorporated into diagnostic criteria for IPA, but its performance varies depending on the population in which the test is used. GM assay on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid aims to improve upon the test by applying it directly on samples from the target organ. The studies that have examined the utility of BAL-GM are a heterogeneous group, but the results are intriguing, especially in patients who are at risk for IPA from causes other than hematologic malignancy and neutropenia. BAL-GM had sensitivities ranging from 60% to 100% in this group, often far exceeding the performance of serum GM assay. The test shows promise as a useful adjunctive diagnostic modality in the diagnosis of IPA.     

Bone Suppression Increases the Visibility of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Chest Radiographs

Objective

Chest radiographs (CXR) are an important diagnostic tool for the detection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in critically ill patients, but their diagnostic value is limited by a poor sensitivity. By using advanced image processing, the aim of this study was to increase the value of chest radiographs in the diagnostic work up of neutropenic patients who are suspected of IPA.

Methods

The frontal CXRs of 105 suspected cases of IPA were collected from four institutions. Radiographs could contain single or multiple sites of infection. CT was used as reference standard. Five radiologists and two residents participated in an observer study for the detection of IPA on CXRs with and without bone suppressed images (ClearRead BSI 3.2; Riverain Technologies). The evaluation was performed separately for the right and left lung, resulting in 78 diseased cases (or lungs) and 132 normal cases (or lungs). For each image, observers scored the likelihood of focal infectious lesions being present on a continuous scale (0–100). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) served as the performance measure. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by considering only the lungs with a suspiciousness score of greater than 50 to be positive.

Results

The average AUC for only CXRs was 0.815. Performance significantly increased, to 0.853, when evaluation was aided with BSI (p = 0.01). Sensitivity increased from 49% to 66% with BSI, while specificity decreased from 95% to 90%.

Conclusion

The detection of IPA in CXRs can be improved when their evaluation is aided by bone suppressed images. BSI improved the sensitivity of the CXR examination, outweighing a small loss in specificity.     

Agreement Between American and European Thyroid Imaging,Reporting, and Data System (TIRADS) in the Diagnosis of 473 Thyroid Nodules From a Single Center in Brazil

ObjectiveTo compare 2 ultrasound-based risk stratification systems in malignancy risk assessment of thyroid nodules and the clinical applicability of these guidelines in Brazil.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the ultrasound findings of 314 patients (473 thyroid nodules) who underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and/or surgery between February 2018 and March 2019. All nodules were classified using 2 systems: the Thyroid Imaging, Reporting, and Data System (TIRADS) of the American College of Radiology (ACR-TIRADS) and the TIRADS of the European Thyroid Association (EU-TIRADS). Both risk stratification systems were analyzed. We identified the diagnostic predictive values that yielded optimal sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy.ResultsOf the 473 nodules, all underwent FNA, and histopathology was performed for 332 nodules. The agreement between the ACR-TIRADS and EU-TIRADS results and that between cytology and histopathology findings was 92.6% (kappa = 0.84) and 86.7% (kappa = 0.73), respectively. The area under the curve for the ACR-TIRADS and EU-TIRADS was 0.871 and 0.828, respectively (P < .001). The EU-TIRADS had the best sensitivity and negative predictive value, whereas the ACR-TIRADS had the best specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy. Of the 473 nodules studied, only 158 (33.4%) followed the FNA size criteria suggested by the ACR-TIRADS.ConclusionACR-TIRADS and EU-TIRADS had good diagnostic performances. However, most aspirated nodules did not follow the TIRADS indication; thus, the overuse of FNA as a diagnostic tool was observed.     

Elevated CEA and CA19-9 serum levels independently predict advanced pancreatic cancer at diagnosis

Abstract

Purpose: It is suggested that tumour markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) could be used to predict the stage of pancreatic cancer. However, optimal cut-off values for CEA and CA19-9 are disputable. This study aimed to assess the value of CEA and CA19-9 serum levels at diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as predictors for the advanced stage of PDAC in patients discussed at pancreatic multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings.

Methods: Patients with suspected PDAC discussed at MDT meetings from 2013 to 2017 were reviewed, in order to determine optimal cut-off values of both CEA and CA19-9.

Results: In total, 375 patients were included. Optimal cut-off values for predicting advanced PDAC were 7.0?ng/ml for CEA and 305.0?U/ml for CA19-9, resulting in positive predictive values of 83.3%, 73.6%, and 91.4% for CEA, CA19-9 and combined, respectively. Both tumour markers were independent predictors of advanced PDAC, demonstrated by an odds ratio of 4.21 (95% CI:1.85–9.56; p?=?0.001) for CEA and 2.58 for CA19-9 (95% CI:1.30–5.14; p?=?0.007).

Conclusions: CEA appears to be a more robust predictor of advanced PDAC than CA19-9. Implementing CEA and CA19-9 serum levels during MDT meetings as an additional tool for establishing tumour resectability is worthwhile for tailored diagnostics.     

New immunoassay for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection compared with urease test, 13C breath test and histology: validation in the primary care setting.

Helicobacter pylori plays a major role in peptic ulcer disease and, as a result, testing for H. pylori infection among patients with dyspepsia has often been advocated. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy, the analytical performance, and optimal cut-off point of a new serological assay, the Pyloriset EIA-G III for the detection of H. pylori infection in the primary care setting. For 113 primary care patients with dyspepsia urea breath test, CLO test, histology and serology tests were performed. Diagnostic accuracy of the Pyloriset EIA-G III was evaluated against a reference standard of a carbon urea breath test (CUBT), CLO test and histology (from gastric biopsies). Precision, linearity and correlation of the serological assay with the CUBT and former Pyloriset were also determined. At the optimal cut-off level of 40 U/ml, the positive predictive value was 92.1%, negative predictive value 96.3%, sensitivity 87.5%, and specificity 93.9%. The within-run precision was high. The recovery data were good. The correlation of both CUBT and the former Pyloriset EIA-G and the Pyloriset EIA-G III was high. At the cut-off level of 40 U/ml, the new Pyloriset EIA-G III is a reliable method to detect H. pylori infection in the primary care setting.     

Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of SanketLife – A wireless,pocket-sized ECG biosensor,in comparison to standard 12 lead ECG in the detection of cardiovascular diseases in a tertiary care setting

BackgroundThe SanketLife is a low cost, portable, pocket sized 12 lead ECG mechanised by SanketLife app running on compatible iOS and Android phones that connect wirelessly via Bluetooth technology to the device.ObjectiveThe current study was conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SanketLife ECG in comparison to standard 12 lead ECG (GE-2000) in detection of cardiovascular diseases.Research design and methodsThis was a prospective diagnostic test accuracy trial conducted in outpatient settings of a tertiary cardiac care centre in India. A total of 100 patients, attended cardiology OPD, were included in the study. Consecutive ECGs were taken by 12 lead standard ECG as well as by SanketLife ECG. Diagnostic accuracy variables such as sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value, negative and positive likelihood ratios were estimated. Ethical permission was taken from the Institutional ethical committee.Results & conclusionThe analysis showed a high degree of agreement and accuracy of SanketLife in detecting major cardiovascular conditions (Major Minnesota codes) such as Left and right bundle branch block, ST-segment elevation and ST-segment depression, AV conduction block. SanketLife showed high sensitivity (98.15%) and specificity (100%) in diagnosing major cardiovascular conditions.     

血清PCT、CRP及IL-6联合检测诊断细菌性血流感染的临床价值分析

目的:探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及白介素-6(IL-6)联合检测诊断细菌性血流感染(BSI)的临床价值。方法:选取我院2015年8月到2016年10月收治的疑似细菌性BSI患者216例,入院后均送检血培养,根据培养结果将其分为阳性组(102例)和阴性组(114例)。统计细菌性BSI阳性率、革兰阳性菌感染率和革兰阴性菌感染率;检测血清PCT、CRP、IL-6水平,并比较两组患者的差异,同时绘制ROC曲线并计算出各指标及联合检测的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及约登指数值。结果:所有疑似BSI患者的细菌阳性检出率为47.22%,革兰阳性菌感染率与革兰阴性菌感染率对比无差异(P0.05);阳性组的血清PCT、CRP、IL-6水平均明显高于阴性组(P0.05);血清IL-6的AUC明显大于PCT和CRP(P0.05);PCT、CRP及IL-6联合检测的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及约登指数均明显高于单项检测(P0.05)。结论:血清PCT、CRP及IL-6对于BSI均有着一定诊断价值,而各指标联合检测诊断BSI的临床价值更高。     

ELISA定量分析尿液BLCA-1/-4水平诊断膀胱癌的临床价值分析

目的:探讨膀胱癌患者尿液膀胱特异性核基质蛋白(bladder cancer specific nuclear matrix proteins,BLCA)-1/-4水平及其临床应用价值。方法:本研究纳入38例膀胱癌患者、40例正常对照组。采集受试者尿液样本,通过竞争性酶联免疫吸附法(enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)定量分析尿液中BLCA-1和BLCA-4的水平,绘制受试者工作曲线,确定cut-off值。结果:膀胱癌患者尿液BLCA-1/-4水平均显著高于对照组(P0.001);当cut-off值取0.859 ng/mL时,BLCA-1诊断膀胱癌的敏感性和特异性分别为71%(27/38)、90%(36/40)。肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者尿液BLCA-1较非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者水平显著升高(P0.001),但不同分级膀胱癌患者尿液BLCA-4水平无显著差异(P0.05)。高级别膀胱癌患者尿液BLCA-4水平较低级别膀胱癌患者显著升高(P0.05),但不同分期膀胱癌患者尿液BLCA-4水平无显著差异(P0.05)。以cut-off为0.859 ng/mL时,BLCA-1诊断膀胱癌的敏感性和特异性分别为71%(27/38)、90%(36/40)。以cut-off为0.620 ng/mL时,BLCA-4诊断膀胱癌的敏感性和特异性分别为76.3%(29/38)、97.5%(39/40)。联合检测尿液BLCA-1和BLCA-4诊断膀胱癌的敏感性和特异性分别为84.2%(32/38)和100%(40/40),准确度为0.923(77/78),阳性预测值为100%(32/32),阴性预测值为86.9%(40/46)以及YOUDEN指数分别为0.842。结论:膀胱癌患者尿液BLCA-1和BLCA-4水平显著升高,且敏感性和特异性均较高。联合检测尿液BLCA-1和BLCA-4较单一检测用于诊断膀胱癌的临床应用价值更高。     

肝组织弥散度成像在慢性肝损伤诊断中的临床研究

目的:探讨Strain Histogram组织弥散度成像技术在慢性肝损伤程度无创诊断中的临床价值。方法:应用Strain Histogram组织弥散度成像技术定量检测180例慢性肝炎(病毒性肝炎105例,非病毒性肝炎75例)患者肝脏弹性特征值,对照病理,分析肝脏弹性特征值与肝纤维化及肝脏炎症程度的相关性。结果:180例慢性肝炎患者LF指数用于判断轻度与中重度纤维化的诊断界值为2.785,LF指数越大,纤维化程度越重,灵敏度76.6%,特异度48.9%;LF指数用于判断轻度与中重度炎症的诊断界值为2.925,LF指数越大,炎症程度越重,灵敏度73.2%,特异度56.8%。105例病毒性肝炎患者LF指数用于判断轻度与中重度纤维化的诊断界值为2.975,LF指数越大,纤维化程度越重,灵敏度69.2%,特异度67.1%;LF指数用于判断轻度与中重度炎症的诊断界值为2.915,LF指数越大,炎症程度越重,灵敏度80.0%,特异度57.8%。75例非病毒性肝炎患者LF指数与肝纤维化和炎症程度不具有相关性。结论:LF指数可以反映肝脏纤维化及炎症程度,诊断灵敏度高,LF指数越大,肝纤维化及炎症程度越重。     

16层螺旋CT三维重建与DR平片检查对外伤性肋骨骨折的诊断价值比较研究

目的:研究16层螺旋电子计算机断层扫描(CT)三维重建与数字化摄影(DR)平片检查对外伤性肋骨骨折的诊断价值,为临床诊治提供参考。方法:将2017年6月至2018年6月期间于本院接受诊治的82例外伤性肋骨骨折患者作为研究对象,所有患者均接受16层螺旋CT三维重建与DR平片检查,观察并记录患者的骨折发生部位,并比较两种诊断方法对外伤性肋骨骨折诊断的准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及漏诊情况。结果:82例外伤性肋骨骨折患者经影像学与临床诊断明确发生骨折179处,多发性骨折发生率为62.20%,单发性骨折发生率为37.80%,骨折肋骨段位中4-10段骨折发生率最高为69.83%,骨折肋骨水平阶段中腋肋骨折发生率最高为59.78%。相较于DR平片,16层螺旋CT三维重建诊断外伤性肋骨骨折的准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值更高,漏诊率更低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相较于DR平片检查,应用16层螺旋CT三维重建检查外伤性肋骨骨折能明显提高临床诊断的准确率、灵敏度和特异性,减少漏诊,可为临床诊治提供更可靠的信息,值得临床推广。     

Ki67与MRI在宫颈癌根治性手术后宫颈癌淋巴结转移中评价对比

摘要 目的：探究Ki67与MR在宫颈癌根治术后宫颈癌淋巴结转移中评估价值的对比。方法：选择2016年1月至2018年1月于我院接受宫颈癌根治术的151例宫颈癌患者,分别对其实施Ki67检测及MRI检测,以病理学检测结果为金标准,计算两种检测方式对宫颈癌淋巴结转移评估的准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,并进行对比分析。结果：检测评估发现,MRI对宫颈癌淋巴结转移评估准确度为31.79 %,灵敏度为46.75 %,特异度为16.22 %,阳性预测值为36.73 %,阴性预测值为22.64 %。Ki67检测对宫颈癌淋巴结转移评估准确度为42.38 %,灵敏度为52.56 %,特异度为31.51 %,阳性预测值为45.05 %,阴性预测值为38.33 %。两种检测方式对比显示Ki67对宫颈癌淋巴结转移具有更高的诊断准确度。结论：3 相比于MRI检测,Ki67对宫颈癌淋巴结转移具有更高的诊断准确度、特异度和阴性预测值,分析其原因与MRI检测受个体因素影响更大有关。