显性白毛调控基因在不同毛色羊驼皮肤中表达差异的研究

为了研究KIT基因对羊驼毛色的影响及在不同毛色羊驼皮肤中的表达差异,实验在分析羊驼KIT基因结构的基础上,自行设计表达引物,将羊驼KIT基因exon10-exon14成功定向克隆入原核表达载体pET-32a( )中,构建了KIT基因的重组表达质粒pET-32a( )-KIT.同时进行诱导表达,并以纯化的重组蛋白为免疫原,采喟长程免疫程序免疫兔子,成功制备兔抗羊驼多克隆抗体,从而进行免疫组化分析.结果表明:(1)羊驼KIT基因exon10-exon14编码含138个氨基酸残基的蛋白;(2)SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示重组表达质粒pET-32a( )-KIT诱导下,表达的KIT蛋白为可溶性蛋白;(3)免疫组化研究表明,白毛色羊驼皮肤毛囊内根鞘周围组织有KIT蛋白的表达,外根鞘和结缔组织也有少量表达,而黄色羊驼皮肤毛囊周围即内外根鞘则不表达KIT蛋白.     

催乳素受体基因与羊驼繁殖性能关系的初探

通过氯仿/异戊醇法制备羊驼血液基因组DNA,采用PCR方法首次扩增出羊驼催乳素受体基因(prolactin receptor gene,PRLR)exon8-exon9序列(GenBank登录号为DQ198164),该片段长度为622bp。通过NCBI blast(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/)比较,结果表明:该序列包括exon8的82bp、intron8全序列472bp和exon9的68bp。同源性比较发现,羊驼PRLR基因exon8和exon9核苷酸序列与其它哺乳动物的相应区域的同源性特高,均≥92%;同时还发现羊驼exon8引物后第19个碱基为G,而其它哺乳动物(猪除外)均为A,猪则是在羊驼exon8引物后的第34个碱基处由G变为A,通过推导氨基酸序列分析发现,这种单碱基的突变使得羊驼与其它哺乳动物相比,该处的氨基酸由亮氨酸取代了异亮氨酸;在羊驼exon9引物前第22个碱基处也发生了A-G碱基替换现象,但这个碱基的突变发生在密码子的第3个碱基上,编码的氨基酸均为脯氨酸。在这些动物中只有羊驼为单胎动物,羊驼exon8核苷酸序列中A-G的碱基替换并引起编码氨基酸序列发生改变是否与羊驼繁殖性能有关还有待进一步研究。     

中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽基因的cDNA克隆和表达

从中华蜜蜂 (Apisceranacerana)工蜂毒腺中快速抽提总RNA ,用RT PCR扩增得到大小约为2 5 0bp的cDNA片段 ,测序得到的片段长度为 2 34bp ,为蜂毒前镇静肽原 (preprosecapin)基因编码区的cDNA .以 3′RACE方法 ,扩增和测定了 3′端非编码区 2 19bp序列 .中蜂前镇静肽原cDNA序列与已报道的欧洲意蜂该基因cDNA序列具有 92 %同源性 ,氨基酸序列具有 87%同源性 .代表成熟肽镇静肽的最后 2 5个氨基酸序列 ,中蜂与意蜂同源性为 88% .3′端非编码区cDNA序列与欧洲意蜂序列有 73 1%同源性 .将中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽成熟肽编码区与 3′非编码区部分克隆 ,构建了镇静肽与谷胱甘肽转移酶融合表达的载体pGEX AcSecapin .将载体转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)进行融合表达 .表达产物与抗GST抗体在 2 9kD处有很强的交叉反应 .大肠杆菌超声破碎后的上清液用SDS PAGE检测到表达的蛋白多为可溶性融合蛋白 ,通过亲和层析柱纯化和凝血酶的切割得到了镇静肽蛋白     

柞蚕14-3-3基因的鉴定及表达分析

14-3-3蛋白是一种可以改变其结合蛋白构象的酸性蛋白质.柞蚕14-3-3 cDNA序列全长1 220 bp,包括一个126 bp的5'非编码区和一个350 bp的3'非编码区.该基因的开放读码框长度为744 bp,编码247个氨基酸.序列比对结果表明,柞蚕14-3-3蛋白与家蚕的14-3-3蛋白具有高度同源性.此外对柞蚕14-3-3基因进行了原核表达和重组蛋白纯化.SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹结果表明,分子量大小约32 kD的重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中得到了成功表达.     

家兔精子膜蛋白rsp10基因的克隆和特征分析

 sp10基因在精卵识别过程中起着重要作用 .从家兔睾丸cDNA文库中克隆了家兔的sp10基因 (rsp10 ) ,cDNA序列全长 12 82bp ,包含 10 0 5bp开放阅读框 .由开放阅读框推测出的氨基酸序列与人、狒狒、狐和小鼠的SP10氨基酸序列之间存在较高水平的同源性 ,同源性分别为 70 %、69%、68%和 61% .在大肠杆菌中表达rsp10基因 ,获得重组rSP10 .用重组rSP10免疫雌性母兔 ,得到rSP10专一性多抗 .对精子膜蛋白进行免疫印迹分析发现 ,rsp10基因在家兔睾丸中的表达呈现多态性 .rsp10基因在GenBank的登录号为 :AF2 51558.     

猪肌肉素基因的cDNA克隆与表达

从人肌肉素基因出发, 在dbEST数据库中进行同源性搜索, 找到七个有较高同源性的Expressed Sequence Tag(DY426490, CF787546, AJ660979, AJ664670, AJ663820, AJ680159, DN106254)。通过拼接和进一步RT-PCR实验验证, 获得猪肌肉素基因全长cDNA序列, 其全长651 bp, 开放阅读框为54~452 bp, 编码有132个氨基酸。同源性分析结果表明, 与人、小鼠和大鼠的肌肉素基因cDNA编码区(CDS)同源性分别为87.2%、77.6%和77.9%。利用克隆出的猪肌肉素cDNA, 构建表达载体pGEX-4T-1-musclin, 并在BL21大肠杆菌中成功表达和纯化了分子量为38.59 kD的融合蛋白GST-Musclin, 并运用蛋白印迹技术进行鉴定。     

鲤鱼肥胖基因的分子克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

为了研究鲤鱼肥胖基因的结构特点和体外表达产物的生物学活性 ,利用RT PCR技术从鲤鱼肠系膜脂肪组织中扩增出鲤鱼肥胖基因的cDNA编码序列 ,分析表明该cDNA序列由 4 38个核苷酸组成 ,编码 14 6个氨基酸组成的多肽 ,鲤鱼肥胖基因与人、猪、鼠的相比 ,核苷酸同源性分别为 :84 %、 86 %、 95 % ;氨基酸的同源性分别为 84 %、 82 %、 96 %。构建了原核表达载体 pET 2 8a li,利用IPTG在大肠杆菌中进行了诱导表达 ,并对表达产物进行了初步纯化和生物活性检测 ,结果表明 ,鲤鱼肥胖基因在大肠杆菌中进行了高效特异性融合表达 ,融合蛋白质分子量约为 2 0kD ,经薄层扫描分析 ,目的蛋白占菌体总蛋白的 2 0 3%。表达产物经过纯化和复性能够明显抑制小鼠的摄食和生长 ,说明表达产物Leptin具有明显的生物学活性     

铁皮石斛蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因的克隆与原核表达

应用同源序列克隆法克隆了铁皮石斛蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)基因cDNA全长,并进行了原核表达分析,为进一步研究该基因的时空表达、功能分析及多糖合成机理提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)铁皮石斛SPS基因cDNA全长3 502bp,编码区3 186bp,GenBank登录号JF423929。该基因编码1 061个氨基酸,与文心兰的SPS基因氨基酸序列的一致性最高为93%,与其他科植物SPS基因的氨基酸序列的一致性均高于60%。(2)原核诱导表达结果显示,SPS基因在大肠杆菌中的重组蛋白分子质量约为118.7kD,其表达与序列分析推测的结论一致。(3)生物信息学分析表明,铁皮石斛SPS基因的二级结构包括了螺旋、β-折叠和无规则卷曲,是非跨膜结构的亲水性不稳定蛋白,有2个功能结构域,分别是蔗糖合成功能域及糖基转移功能域。     

新疆准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因的克隆和抗冻活性分析

根据GenBank中已发表的昆虫抗冻蛋白基因的保守序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术结合3'-RACE扩增的方法,从新疆荒漠昆虫准噶尔小胸鳖甲 Microdera punctipenis dzunarica中获得了长约294 bp不含信号肽的抗冻蛋白cDNA片段,命名为MpAFP5,其全长序列为363 bp(GenBank注册号为：AY821792)。基因测序结果表明, MpAFP5-cDNA片段与加拿大拟步甲Dendroides canadensis AFP 8基因片段、黄粉甲Tenebrio molitor THP 4-9基因片段的核苷酸同源性分别达68.4%和71.8%,氨基酸序列同源性分别达70%和81%。将MpAFP5构建到原核表达载体pGEX4T-1中,重组质粒pGEX4T-1-MpAFP5在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中能够表达融合抗冻蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析显示融合蛋白的分子量约为37 kD,Western印迹分析证明MpAFP5在大肠杆菌中正确表达。细菌的抗冻实验结果显示准噶尔小胸鳖甲融合抗冻蛋白对细菌具有显著的抗冻保护作用,保护效果与抗冻蛋白剂量呈正相关性。     

草鱼AMBP基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

α1-微球蛋白和Bikunin是由同一基因翻译表达出的两种功能不相关联的血浆蛋白。本文通过快速扩增cDNA末端的方法,首次从草鱼肝脏组织克隆了α1-微球蛋白和Bikunin前体蛋白(α1-microglobulin/Bulinin precursor, AMBP）基因全长cDNA。其cDNA全长1230bp,包含5′非翻译区23 bp,3′非翻译区160 bp和开放读码框1047 bp。开放读码框编码348个氨基酸,包含182个氨基酸的α1-微球蛋白和145个氨基酸的Bikunin。草鱼AMBP与其他物种的氨基酸序列分析结果表明,它们具有较高的同源性(44.7%－84.4%),其中草鱼与斑马鱼同源性最高(84.4%)。结果表明AMBP序列结构和α1-微球蛋白与Bikunin共翻译表达特点在动物机体中具有着重要的生理意义。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.