肝病患者肝细胞内HBV DNA原位杂交研究——形态、分布及意义

应用生物素标记HBV DNA(乙肝病毒脱氧核糖核酸)作探针,对129例肝病患者肝组织作原位杂交研究。发现HBV DNA主要存在肝细胞浆内,可分为胞浆致密型、疏松型和包涵体型。HBV DNA阳性肝细胞在肝实质中分为三种型:小叶型、局灶型与散在点状分布。HBV DNA在慢性活动型肝炎中检出率最高(81％),显著高于肝硬化,慢性小叶型肝炎、急性肝炎及原发性肝癌组。乙肝复制指标阳性患者肝细胞内HBV DNA检出率明显高于非复制组;并观察到HBV DNA阳性肝细胞与肝细胞坏死灶关系密切,多数紧紧毗邻肝细胞坏死灶/或和位于坏死灶中间,尤以局灶型分布的HBV DNA阳性肝细胞为显著。     

饲喂黄曲霉毒素B_1大鼠肝中AFB_1-DNA加合物的免疫组织化学研究

应用免疫组织化学ＳＰ法对４例饲喂黄曲霉毒素Ｂ１的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠肝组织中ＡＦＢ１－ＤＮＡ加合物的染色及常规ＨＥ染色发现,４例肝细胞核均出现异型性,但未见肝细胞坏死、增生灶及肝细胞癌;免疫组化揭示部分肝细胞核出现棕黄色、不均质状的ＡＦＢ１－ＤＮＡ加合物,阳性细胞数占１０～８５％。结果提示免疫组织化学方法可作为一种ＡＦＢ１的定位方法,ＡＦＢ１在动物致癌过程中ＡＦＢ１－ＤＮＡ加合物可能具有启动作用     

白细胞介素-16在脓毒症肝和肺组织中表达的免疫组织化学研究

观察白细胞介素－16（interleukin-16,IL-16)在脓毒症时肝和肺组织中的细胞定位及分布,并探讨其在脓毒症发病中的作用和意义。应用新型敏感的免疫组织化学方法（超敏感－SP法）检测本校近年收集的18例感染、败血症和脓毒症尸检肝和肺组织白细胞介素－16的原位表达,在肝组织中IL－16主要定位于肝窦枯否细胞、单核细胞以及部分中性粒细胞、阳性率达72.3%。肝细胞形态改变主要包括肝窦扩张充血,枯否细胞增生肿胀,肝细胞变性及不同程度的灶性坏死,在肺组织中IL－16定位于肺部质及感染灶内的巨噬细胞,中性粒细胞以及少量淋巴细胞,其阳性率达66.7％。肺组织形态改变主要包括肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血,间质及肺泡壁内大量炎性细胞浸润,部分肺泡扩张,肺泡壁断裂;可灶性坏死,坏死区肺结构消失,纤维组织增生。同时,观察到IL－16随组织病理变化的加重表达增强的趋势。本研究结果提示IL－16可能在脓毒症所致脏器损害中发挥重要作用。     

原位杂交检测石蜡包埋组织中丙型肝炎病毒RNA

为了提高ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的原位杂交检出率,我们应用地高辛标记ＨＣＶ５＇非编码区ｃＤＮＡ作探针,采用原位分子杂交法对９６Ｎ肝硬变,１０２例肝细胞肝癌进行了ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检测,并结合不同年份标本中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检出率,探讨ＨＣＶＲＮＡ在肝脏的分布及其丢失问题．结果显示ＨＣＶＲＮＡ定位于肝细胞和肝癌细胞胞浆内,肝脏其它细胞未见明确阳性杂交信号。ＨＣＶＲＮＡ杂交阳性细胞呈灶状和弥漫分布,正常对照、替代、空白对照为阴性,在不同年份肝硬变及肝细胞肝癌中两两比较表明新近包埋蜡块组织较陈旧蜡块组织ＨＣＶ　ＲＮＡ检出率明显高。本文结果证实ＨＣＶＲＮＡ存在于肝细胞和癌细胞的胞浆内,未见肝内其它细胞阳性,还发现ＨＣＶＲＮＡ在肝硬变、肝细胞癌中的检出率随保存时间的延长,其阳性检出率明显降低,表明ＨＣＶＲＮＡ在蜡块中存在明显的降解,应尽可能选用近期标本、为临床分析ＨＣＶ感染,ＨＣＶ与肝硬变、肝细胞肝癌的关系提供更客观的数据。     

50例尖锐湿疣患者HPV DNA的检测

采用地高辛标记的ＨＰＶ６．１１探针,对５０例生殖器尖锐湿疣,１０例慢性宫颈炎组织及１０例女性生殖器正常粘膜进行ＨＰＶ ＤＮＡ检测。结果示尖镜湿疣组织ＨＰＶ阳性率为８８．０％（４４／５０）;慢性宫颈炎为１０％（１／１０）;而正常粘膜组织无一例阳性。尖锐湿疣组织中ＨＰＶ６．１１的检出率分别为７６％（３８／５０）和６０％（３０／５０）。男女患者两型探针检测的总阳性率无显著差异。     

人胎儿胸腺内bc1－2基因表达与分布

采用免疫酶组织化学与地高辛标记的单链ｃＤＮＡ探针原位杂交技术,研究了抗凋亡基因ｂｃｌ－２在人胎儿胸腺组织中的表达与分布。结果ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ及其蛋白均优势定位于髓质区。提示胸腺中ｂｃｌ－２基因表达调控发生在转录水平;ｂｃｌ－２基因介导的细胞凋亡状态可能参与Ｔ淋巴细胞的成熟过程。     

常规组织切片凋亡细胞原位末端标记方法

凋亡是有别于组织坏死的一种细胞死亡方式,多与基因调控的编程性死亡有关。准确地判断细胞凋亡对探讨程序化细胞死亡诱发机制具有重要意义。本文采用Biotin-16-dUTP对凋亡细胞内DNA断裂片段的末端进行标记,可原位检测常规组织切片上的凋亡细胞,方法具有敏感、直观、重复性好等优点。     

地高辛标记寡核苷酸探针检测大鼠胰岛素mRNA

本实验采用地高辛标记前胰岛素寡核苷酸探针原位杂交组织化学技术,研究了Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠胰腺组织胰岛素基因的表达。实验用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠５只,胰腺经４％多聚甲醛灌注固定,并在同一固定液中后固定２４ｈ,常规石蜡包埋切片。结果表明,经前胰岛素寡核苷酸探针杂交的胰腺切片中,胰岛Ｂ细胞呈蓝色。杂交反应物位于Ｂ细胞的细胞质和部分核仁中,胞核无色。胰岛其它细胞及胰腺外分泌部腺泡细胞无杂交反应物。对照切片中均无阳性信号出现。结果表明地高辛标记寡核苷酸探针不仅具备非同位素标记探针的优点而且能精确检测特异性ｍＲＮＡ的表达。本研究方法操作便利,可靠精确,重复性好。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导培养的成年大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及其细胞机制

研究血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇｉｏｔｅｎｓｉｎⅡ,ＡｎｇⅡ）诱导培养的成年大鼠心肌细胞（Ａｄｕｌｔｒａｔｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒｍｙ－ｏｃｙｔｅｓ,ＡＲＶＭ）凋亡。酶灌流消化法分离培养ＡＲＶＭ,不同处理后,光镜观察形态改变,琼脂糖凝胶电泳定性分析ＤＮＡ降解程度。结果发现培养的ＡＲＶＭ经１０μｍｏｌ／ＬＡｎｇⅡ处理４８ｈ后,大部分细胞变圆,胞浆浓缩;电泳显示核酸断裂片段“梯形”结构,上述改变在７２ｈ更为明显。上述作用可被氯沙坦、维拉帕米和ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ所取消。结果表明,ＡｎｇⅡ诱导培养的ＡＲＶＭ凋亡由ＡＴ１受体介导、细胞内钙升高和ＰＫＣ激活起重要作用     

肝内HDAg阳性慢性肝炎病理特点探讨

用直接酶标和直接免疫荧光法在120例HBsAg阳性肝组织中检测HDAg,发现5例阳性(4.2％),其中3例活动性肝硬化,2例慢性中型活动性肝炎。另设立相对应的单纯乙型肝炎作为对照,通过光镜、电镜、免疫组化的方法,重点探讨比较丁型肝炎与单纯乙型肝炎二者肝组织学的形态变化。丁型肝炎组肝细胞灶状坏死,桥接坏死,融合性坏死的程度比单纯乙型肝炎组重,丁型肝炎组较单纯乙型肝炎组常见的组织学改变是肝细胞呈灶状微小空泡的脂肪变性及灶状嗜酸性变性。HDAg阳性肝细胞呈疏松化、核固缩,其周围未见淋巴细胞浸润。     

合成洗涤剂对人和哺乳动物细胞的诱变性研究

各种合成洗涤剂(洗衣粉,洗发膏,餐具洗涤剂等)产量日增。在日常生活中使用越来越普遍。洗涤剂直接或间接通过环境污染对人类健康产生影响,特别是潜在的致突变性引起公众的普遍注意。而现有的研究结果并不一致。本研究选用三种型号的合成洗涤剂,以小鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变和骨髓细胞微核率及离体的人类细胞和中国仓鼠细胞的染色体畸变和姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)为测定指标,系统地对合成洗涤剂的诱变活     

武汉东湖沉积物和沉积物间隙水中氮和磷的含量及其分布

武汉东湖的沉积物中氮(N)的平均含量上层(0—10厘米)为14．2毫克／克(干重,下同),下层(10-40厘米)为12．0毫克／克。磷(P)的平均含量上层为0．87毫克／克,下层为0.62毫克／克。沉积物中氮和磷的含量均有明显的垂直和平面分布上的差异,上层高于下层,水果湖区高于其它湖区。沉积物间隙水中总溶解氮的浓度高,平均为儿．52毫克／升,主要以氨氮的形态存在,占总溶解氮的61．3％。总溶解磷的浓度较低,平均为0．113毫克／升,其中正磷酸盐占55.8％。间隙水中氮和磷的浓度均有明显的季节变动,夏季和秋季的浓度高,冬季和春季浓度低。除氨氮外,间隙水中氮和磷的浓度比底层湖水中氮和磷的浓度高,但一般不超过5倍,表明沉积物和湖水之间溶解的营养物质交换十分强烈。     

VASCULAR SUPPLY AND STRUCTURE OF THE OVULE AND ARIL IN PEONY AND OF THE ARIL IN NUTMEG

Camp , Wendell H., and Mary M. Hubbard . (U. Connecticut, Storrs.) Vascular supply and structure of the ovule and aril in peony and of the aril in nutmeg. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(2): 174–178. Illus. 1963.—Examination of the placental region in the carpel of Paeonia indicates a complexity and super-abundance of vascular supply beyond that usually found in angiosperms and certainly more than is necessary for adequate nutrition and water supply of the ovules. From this it is concluded that the ovules once were borne on a larger and more complex structure than the present carpel. Vascular strands leading to the aril and the hypostase are interpreted as being relictual. The large multifid aril of Myristica has a well-developed vascular system composed of several sizes of branched bundles.     

TURNOVER OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE IN MICROSOMES AND MYELIN IN BRAINS OF YOUNG AND ADULT RATS

We have tested the hypothesis that the turnover of phosphatidylcholine in subcellular fractions of rat brain is a function of the age at which this lipid is deposited. Rats, 60 days of age, were injected intracranially with [2-³H]glycerol and either [methyl-¹⁴C]choline (to label the base moiety) or [U-¹⁴C]glucose (to label acyl moieties). Littermates were killed up to 90 days after injection and brain microsomes and myelin isolated. Lipids were extracted and the phosphatidylcholine was isolated by 2-dimensional TLC and hydrolyzed to its constituent moieties. The ³H in the glycerol backbone and ¹⁴C in the choline or acyl residues was quantitated. The microsomal and myelin ³H/¹⁴C ratios decreased with time with either set of precursors, indicating that labeled choline and acyl moieties were reutilized more efficiently than the glycerol backbone. The various precursors exhibited first order decay curves with half-lives for the glycerol backbone of 6 and 11 days for the microsomal and myelin fractions respectively. These results contrast with those previously obtained with identical experimental procedures when 17-day-old animals were injected. In that study, although much of the phosphatidylcholine turned over rapidly as for the older animals, by 2 weeks after injection most of the remaining phosphatidylcholine was turning over more slowly with a half-life of 13 and 25 days for microsomes and myelin respectively (Miller et al., 1977). The base and acyl moieties also had a corresponding shorter half-life in older animals relative to the slow turnover phase in younger rats.     

大鼠颌下腺促性腺激素释放激素及其mRNA的免疫组织化学与原位杂交研究

用免疫组织化学及原位杂交法,研究了促性腺激素释放激素及其ｍＲＮＡ在大鼠颌下腺的分布。结果显示,大鼠颌下腺的浆液性腺泡的上皮细胞,各级导管的上皮细胞及副交感神经节细胞均呈促性腺激素释放激素免疫反应阳性,阳性反应物质分布在胞质,胞核呈阴性反应。颌下腺的浆液性腺泡上皮细胞,各级导管上皮细胞同样被检测到很强的促性腺激素释放激素ｍＲＮＡ杂交信号。以上结果提示,大鼠颌下腺能自身合成促性腺激素释放激素,促性腺激素释放激素对消化功能可能有重要调节作用。     

DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN LEVELS AND FORMS OF CHOLINESTERASES IN MUSCLES OF NORMAL AND DYSTROPHIC CHICKENS

Abstract— Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (°ChE) were studied in vivo and during the first several months of development of pectoral and posterior latissimi dorsi (PLD) muscles in normal and dystrophic chickens. Muscle extracts were prepared in a high ionic strength-nonionic detergent medium in the presence of protease inhibitors, in order to obtain complete solubilization and to prevent degradation of intrinsic molecular forms of both enzymes. In both normal and dystrophic pectoral muscles levels of AChE and °ChE increase rapidly in vivo, °ChE accounting for 5–10% of total cholinesterase activity. In the normal pectoral muscle the concentration of both enzymes drops rapidly after hatching with increasing muscle mass; total AChE per muscle remains relatively constant for 30 days post-hatch. In the dystrophic pectoral muscle both AChE and °ChE accumulate after hatching, resulting in greatly elevated levels (approx 10–25-fold) of both enzymes throughout the period studied. Multiple molecular forms of AChE and °ChE are observed in the pectoral muscle by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Four principal forms are distinguished: two light (L₁, L₂), one medium (M), and one heavy (H₂). The °ChE forms are 0.5–1.0 S units lighter than the corresponding AChE forms. L₂ is the predominant light form of AChE, whereas L₁ is the major light °ChE form detected. The lighter forms of AChE predominate in normal and dystrophic embryonic pectoral muscle at day 14, being replaced by the H₂ form by day 19. H₂ is the major °ChE form detected at day 19. After hatching, H₂ AChE is the predominant form found in both of the normal muscles studied. In the dystrophic pectoral muscle, progressive accumulation of the L₂ form of AChE is detected as early as day 4 post-hatch; this form eventually becomes predominant, although the heavier forms are also elevated. In PLD muscle the same phenomenon occurs, but with a slower time course. In dystrophic pectoral muscle a similar rise in the L₁ form of °ChE is first observed by day 4, with heavier forms also elevated in the mature muscle. Thus the alteration in the control of these two enzymes in dystrophic fast-twitch muscles results in an accumulation of the light forms of AChE and °ChE.