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1.
An efficient protocol was established for regeneration of Desmodium motorium via somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic calli were induced from cotyledon segments (6 mm, 16 days old) lacking embryo axis,
excised from seedlings grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (2.9 μM)
in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BA) (4.44 and 8.88 μM). Differentiation of embryogenic calli into globular and heart-shaped
somatic embryos was achieved on transfer to hormone-free MS medium. When incubated for 4 days on MS medium supplemented with
BA (8.88 μM), 95% of the globular and heart-shaped somatic embryos matured into torpedo and cotyledonary stages with minimum
(10%) abnormalities. Modified MS basal medium without hormones and containing half-strength macronutrients and 0.88 M sucrose
was suitable for germination of mature somatic embryos. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to earthen pots
with survival rate of 50%. Secondary embryogenesis was observed when pre-existing somatic embryos at globular and heart-shaped
stages were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA, adenine sulphate (AdS) and abscisic acid
(ABA) individually. 相似文献
2.
Marie-Anne Lelu-Walter Michèle Bernier-Cardou Krystyna Klimaszewska 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(1):31-45
Several factors affecting somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Pinus sylvestris from self- and cross-pollinated seed families were studied with the aim of producing large quantities of clonal plants. Somatic
embryogenesis initiation from zygotic embryos was improved on a medium with lower than standard concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2.2 vs. 9.5 μM) and 6-benzyladenine (2.2 vs. 4.5 μM). On this medium, initiation rates of four controlled crosses, including
one self-cross, varied from 3% to 25%. Among the maturation factors tested, the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA 80, 120 μM)
had no significant effect on the production of mature somatic embryos when the medium contained 0.1 M sucrose. When sucrose
concentration was 0.2 M, however, 1.4 times more mature somatic embryos were produced on medium with 80 μM compared with 120 μM
ABA. Under our best maturation conditions, mature somatic embryos accumulated amounts of storage proteins that were similar
to the amounts in mature zygotic embryos. Activated charcoal exerted a beneficial effect on mature somatic embryo production
of 24-week-old cultures; there was no evidence of such an effect in 8-week-old cultures. Thirty-seven embryogenic lines from
a self-cross and an out-cross were chosen for clonal plant production. Highly embryogenic lines produced mature somatic embryos
that were more likely to convert to plants than those from less embryogenic lines. After 4 months of growth in a shade house,
plantlet survival rates exceeded 70% for 31 lines out of 35. This report describes an improved method for accelerated production
of large quantities of Scots pine for clonal tests. 相似文献
3.
Summary The effects of abscisic acid (ABA) (0, 0.09 μM, 0.19 μM, 0.28 μM, and 0.38 μM) or ancymidol (0, 0.98 μM, 1.95 μM, 2.93 μM, 3.90 μM) in embryo germination medium on the conversion of primary embryos to plantlets and secondary embryogenesis were evaluated
for asparagus. ABA and ancymidol each significantly enhanced both responses. ABA was more effective than ancymidol in promoting
the conversion of primary embryos to plantlets, while the converse was true for the production of secondary embryos. The most
effective treatments for embryo conversion were 0.19 and 0.28 μM ABA; 75–77% bipolar and 55–57% globular embryos converted to plantlets. For secondary embryogenesis, the most effective treatments
were 1.95 and 2.93 μM ancymidol; 99–101 and 84–86 somatic embryos were produced from 10 globular and 10 bipolar embryos, respectively. Bipolar
embryos generally converted to plantlets better than globular embryos, but more secondary embryos were produced from globular
embryos than from bipolar embryos in all treatments. ABA and ancymidol also affected the morphology of the plantlets produced.
The plantlets from the embryos incubated on the medium with ancymidol had strong and thick shoots and roots, while those on
the medium with ABA had long, thin shoots and short thin roots. 相似文献
4.
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were obtained from immature leaflet callus of chickpea. Numerous globular embryos developed on the surface of callus on Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium containing 25 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. These globular embryos differentiated into mature somatic embryos upon removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The maturation of embryos was significantly affected by pH, photoperiod, abscisic acid and genotype. Callus continued to produce somatic embryos for over 8 subcultures at 4 week intervals. Two per cent of the embryos formed plants on medium containing 15 μM gibberellic acid and 1 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Desiccation of embryos for a period of 3 d increased their rate of conversion into plants from 0.9 to 2.8%. All regenerated plants showed normal morphological characteristics. 相似文献
5.
Summary Somatic embryo (bipolar) or shoot (monopolar) morphogenesis in mesophyll cells of Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham in vitro was dependent on the type of auxin supplementing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing benzyladenine. Direct in vitro morphogenesis, i.e., organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis were significantly influenced by seasonal growth of the donor
plant, explant position (proximal, mid, and distal), and light. Explants collected in march/April were superior to July/August
material. Proximal explants underwent morphogenesis more readily than mid- and tip-derived explants. Incubation in the light
favored morphogenesis while darkness was inhibitory. Kinetin (Kn) was also inhibitory to morphogenesis. MS medium enriched
with different levels of N6-benzyladenine (BA) alone, or in combination with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), induced adventitious
shoots directly. Explants collected in March/April cultured on medium with 13.3 μM BA and 2.69 μM NAA developed the highest number of shoots, a mean of 15.2 shoots per proximal explant. Developed shoots rooted the best
on half-strength MS medium with 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid, which developed a mean of 5.2 roots per shoot. Rooted healthy shoots could be transplanted to small
pots, with an 80% survival rate. Addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) to BA-supplemented medium was obligatory
to develop somatic embryos. MS medium containing 2.26 μM 2,4-D and 4.44 μM BA induced a mean of 44.8 somatic embryos per proximal explant. The embryos passed through distinct stages of embryogenesis,
namely globular, heart, torpedo, and early cotyledonary. The embryos (88%) underwent maturation on half-strength MS medium
with 2.89 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and its subsequent transfer on half-strength MS basal medium in light conditions facilitated 80% conversion of embryos
to plantlets. Direct shoots or embryos were originated from the mesophyll cells. Somatic embryo development was concurrent
with the independent origin of vasculature in the bulbous basal portion. The survival rate of embryo-derived plants was 90%. 相似文献
6.
Studies were conduced to test the effects of various cytokinins on somatic embryogenesis from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) immature cotyledons. Zeatin (13.7 μmol) added, to B5 basal medium, supplemented with 1.5 % sucrose and 0.2 μmol indole-3-acetic
acid, was the most effective cytokinin. Lobular structures obtained from cotyledons cultures were transferred to B5 basal
medium supplemented with gibberellic acid and indole-3-butyric acid at different concentrations. The most effective treatment
was B5 medium containing 14.4 μmol gibberellic acid plus 1.0 μmol indole-3-butyric acid in which 42.8 % of lobular structures
cultured formed normal somatic embryos. High conversion of embryos into plantlets (61.0–65.2 % embryos regenerated plants)
was observed when germinated embryos were placed on plant development medium. 相似文献
7.
Jorge M. Canhoto Sandra C. Rama Gil S. Cruz 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(6):514-519
Summary Somatic embryos of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) were induced from cotyledonary segments excised from immature seeds when cultured on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented
with several combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The best frequencies of induction (33.8%)
were obtained when 4.4 μM BA and 0.5 μM IBA were used. Shoots were also sporadically formed in the same media. When IBA was replaced by other auxins in the induction
media, only α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) could induce somatic embryogenesis, although at
lower rates than IBA. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid were completely ineffective.
Besides culture media composition, the developmental stage of the explants at the time of culture showed a strong influence
on somatic embryogenesis induction, with cotyledons from stage II pods providing the highest levels of induction. By contrast,
the genotype of the explant did not determine a significant role in the induction process. Attempts to achieve somatic embryo
germination were mostly unsuccessful, since only shoot development was observed; the highest frequencies of development occurred
on media containing only gibberellic acid (3.0 μM). For plant regeneration, the developed shoots were further rooted on IBA-supplemented media, and the plantlets obtained
were transferred to soil, where c. 88% of them survived. Histological observations showed the presence of morphologically normal and abnormal somatic embryos,
the latter displaying an abnormal pattern of vascular bundles. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the cells of the globular
embryos had a dense cytoplasm, whereas those not involved in somatic embryo formation showed signs of senescence. Histological
studies were also used to distinguish between somatic embryos and shoots originated in the same media. 相似文献
8.
Summary A highly reproducible method for regeneration of Coffea arabica and C. canephora plants via direct somatic embryogenesis from cultured leaf and stem segments of regenerated plants was developed. Embryogenesis
was influenced by the presence of triacontanol (TRIA) in the medium. TRIA incorporated at 4.55 and 11.38 μM in half-strength MS basal medium containing 1.1 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.28 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced direct somatic embryogenesis in both species. A maximum of 260±31.8 and 59.2±12.8 somatic
embryos per culture were induced from in vitro leaf explants of C. arabica and C. canephora, respectively. TRIA also induced embryo formation from in vitro stem segment callus tissues along with multiplication of primary embryos into secondary embryos. By using TRIA, it was possible
to obtain somatic embryogenesis in C. arabica and C. canephora. 相似文献
9.
Vinod Kumar A Ramakrishna G A Ravishankar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(6):602-607
The effect of cobalt chloride, salicylic acid, and silver nitrate for embryogenesis was studied in in vitro cultures of Coffea canephora. Murashige and Skoog (in Physiol. Plant. 15:473–497, 1962) medium containing 20 and 40 μM either of cobalt chloride, silver
nitrate, or salicylic acid supplemented with 1.1 μM N
6 benzyladenine and 2.85 μM indole-3-acetic acid was used for the study. At 20 and 40 μM silver nitrate treatment, 35–48% explants
responded for embryogenesis, and 38 ± 7 and 153 ± 27 embryos were produced from each callus mass, respectively, whereas only
5% control explants responded on medium devoid of silver nitrate, cobalt chloride, or salicylic acid. Secondary embryogenesis
was observed in 70–90% of the explants, and around 100–150 embryos were produced from each explant cultured on a medium containing
silver nitrate, and only a 3% response was noticed in control embryo explants. Yellow friable embryogenic calluses were obtained
from the cut edges of most of the tissues grown in a medium supplemented with cobalt chloride. The results clearly demonstrated
that, among the tested ethylene inhibitors, silver nitrate is very effective in reprogramming the cellular machinery toward
embryogenesis. 相似文献
10.
A new approach to direct somatic embryogenesis in Medicago 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A highly efficient system for direct somatic embryogenesis is described. Leaf sections originating from young trifoliate leaves of Medicago falcata line 47/1–5 and Medicago sativa line No2/9R, directly produced embryos after cultivation in liquid B5IV induction medium. In comparison with indirect somatic embryogenesis the system omits the callus stage and thus allows shortening of the process of somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa by 35–40 days. It permits the avoidance of secondary changes occurring during the process of dedifferentiation. A modified B5/3H medium containing Polyethylene Glycol 6000 promoted embryo development from globular up to torpedo stage. It was clearly shown that 2.5% Polyethylene Glycol stimulated this process for both H. falcata 47/1–5 and M. sativa No 2/9R. Maturation of torpedo stage embryos was carried out on solidified or liquid abscisic acidcontaining medium. A 30M abscisic acid concentration was optimal in allowing one embryo to yield one plant. Somatic embryo conversion to plants and plant regeneration was performed on Murashige and Skoog medium. Regenerated plants showed a normal morphology.Abbreviations ABA
Abscisic acid
- B5
Medium of Gamborg et al.(1968)
- COT
Cotyledone stage embryos
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid
- FW
Fresh weight
- GA3
Gibberellin A3
- MS
Medium of Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- PEG
Polyethylene Glycol
- POLY
Polyembryos 相似文献
11.
P. I. P. Perera V. R. M. Vidhanaarachchi T. R. Gunathilake D. M. D. Yakandawala V. Hocher J. L. Verdeil L. K. Weerakoon 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(1):73-81
Coconut is a cross pollinating palm, propagated only by seeds. Tissue culture is the only vegetative propagation method available
for coconut. Consistent callogenesis was obtained by culturing unfertilised ovaries at -4 stage in CRI 72 medium containing
100 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.1% activated charcoal. Callusing was improved by application of 9 μM thidiazuron
(TDZ). Embryogenic calli were subcultured onto somatic embryogenesis induction medium containing 66 μM 2,4-D. Stunted growth
was observed in the somatic embryos after subculture onto CRI 72 medium containing abscisic acid (ABA). Maturation of somatic
embryos could be achieved in Y3 medium without growth regulators. Conversion of somatic embryos was induced by adding gibberellic acid (GA3) to conversion medium containing 5 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) while 2-isopentyl adenine (2iP) increased the frequency of plant
regeneration. A total of 83 plantlets was produced from 32 cultured ovaries. 相似文献
12.
Lucia Martinelli Paola Bragagna Valentino Poletti Attilio Scienza 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(4):207-210
Somatic embryogenesis from leaf- and petiole-derived calli of Vitis rupestris was obtained with an efficiency of 3.2% and 4.2% of plated explants, respectively on two combinations of 6-benzyladenine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1/0.1 and 1/1 mgl–1) added to MS medium. Embryogenic callus, embryo subcultures and somatic embryogenesis from somatic embryos were obtained either in the presence of 1 mgl–1 indole-3-acetic acid or 0.1 mgl–1 indole-3-butyric acid added to MS or NN media. Within a 4-month culture, embryo germination occurred at a frequency of 13% of explanted embryos when chilling at 4°C was provided for two weeks and a combination of 6-benzyladenine (1 mgl–1) with indole-3-butyric acid (0.1 mgl–1) was added to NN medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate (250 mgl–1). A higher frequency (51%) was obtained in a longer culture time (9 months) when only indole-3-butyric acid was present in the medium and in absence of chilling.Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- NN
Nitsch and Nitsch (1969)
- NOA
2-naphthoxyacetic acid 相似文献
13.
Interactions of growth regulators and polyethylene glycol on maturation of geranium somatic embryos were investigated. Somatic embryos were induced on medium with 20 M thidiazuron for 3 days. The growth regulators used were 1 µM abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, napthaleneacetic acid and benzylaminopurine at 21 days from the start of induction. Benzylaminopurine and napthaleneacetic acid did not enhance abscisic acid effects on maturation frequency but only improved maturation frequency in the presence of polyethylene glycol. Abscisic acid significantly improved protein content in the presence of polyethylene glycol. Benzylaminopurine and napthalene acetic acid in combination with abscisic acid and jasmonic acid improved protein types in somatic embryos only in the absence of polyethylene glycol. Osmoticum effected by polyethylene glycol seems the main component required for protein synthesis. This study showed significant improvement of somatic embryo quality for artificial seed production. 相似文献
14.
Monacelli Barbara Pasqua Gabriella Cuteri Angelina Vitali Alberto 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1999,58(2):81-85
A protocol for in vitro plant regeneration through organogenesis was established for Vismia guianensis(Hypericaceae), a species that produces an anti-cancer compound. The highest mean number of shoots per gram of callus (57.33)
was obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 4.44 μM 6-benzyl-aminopurine, 5.70 μM indole-3-acetic acid and
12.88 μM gibberellic acid. Rooting was favoured by the addition of 10 μM indole-3-butyric acid, and by sucrose concentrations
higher than 1%.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Mészáros Annamária Bellon Andrea Pintér Éva Horváth Gábor 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1999,57(2):149-152
Traditional propagation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is inefficient for establishing a good quality clonal population.
Results of the presented experiments outline an effective method for micropropagation of this species. Following culture initiation
from shoots of field-grown plants on growth regulator free Murashige–Skoog medium, rapid shoot multiplication with only rudimentary
root formation could be achieved on media containing various concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid and 6-benzyladenine. The
combination of 5.71 μM indole-3-acetic acid and 6.66 μM 6-benzyladenine resulted in the best multiplication. Transfer of propagules
to media containing indole-3-acetic acid and kinetin did not result in shoot proliferation; however, single plantlets grown
on media containing 5.71 μM indole-3-acetic acid and 13.9 μM kinetin developed more compact shoots and stronger roots than
the control plants and were suitable for acclimatisation with an efficiency over 95%.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
To induce somatic embryogenesis in Quercus robur L. immature zygotic embryos at different developmental stages were collected in weekly intervals from June until September
in three consecutive years from four open pollinated trees at two Vienna sites. Acorns were surface sterilised and cultured
firstly on P24 medium with 5μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or on hormone-free
P24 medium and secondly on P24 medium with 0.9 μM BAP. The formation of white-yellow globular structures of somatic embryos
started during the fourth week after the induction treatment. High induction frequencies of 30 - 80 % were achieved on 2,4-D/BAP
medium, whereas rates on hormone-free medium were below 20 %. The initiation of somatic embryogenesis was favoured in the
heartshaped and early cotyledonary stage of the zygotic embryo in all three years and lasted until the acorns reached maximum
size in August.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
R. Lührs H. Lörz 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1987,75(1):16-25
Summary Immature embryos of 41 lines of barley were screened in vitro for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis on different media to establish totipotent cultures. The use of modified MS and CC media, both supplemented with 1 g/l casein hydrolysate, and the substitution of agarose for agar resulted in the highest frequencies of somatic embryo induction. Embryogenic callus was induced and plants regenerated from 23 of the lines tested. The auxins 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram and 2,4,5-T were suitable for embryogenic callus induction. High frequencies of somatic embryo germination occurred on CC medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IAA and 0.05 mg/l zeatin. A strong genotypic effect on the capacity and frequency of embryogenic callus formation was found. Cultivar Golden Promise always gave the best results. Experiments with field grown material in 3 consecutive years showed that environmental factors also strongly influenced the induction of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 2,4,5-T
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- dicamba
3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid
- picloram
4-amino-3,6,6-trichloropicolinic acid
- NAA
naphtaleneacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- ABA
abscisic acid
- BAP
6-benzyl amino purine
- 2iP
6-(3-methyl-2 butenyl 1-amino)purine
- GA3
gibberellic acid 相似文献
18.
In vitro regeneration of Acacia mangium via organogenesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Plant regeneration of Acacia mangium was achieved through organogenesis in callus cultures. Calli were induced from five types of explants (embryo axes and cotyledons
of mature zygotic embryos as well as leaflets, petioles and stems of seedlings) of A. mangium on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) basal medium containing 9.05 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 13.95 μM kinetin (KT). Green or green purple compact nodules containing clusters of meristematic centers were induced
in these calli after transfer to MS basal medium containing 1.14–22.75 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1.43–2.86 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). A combination of 4.55 μM TDZ and 1.43 μM IAA promoted the
highest percentage of calli to form nodules, in 8–11% of calli derived from cotyledons, embryo axes, leaflets or petiole and
in 4% of calli derived from stems. Twenty-two percent of the nodules formed adventitious shoots on MS basal medium containing
0.045 μM TDZ. Shoots were elongated on MS medium containing 0.045 μM TDZ supplemented with 7.22 μM gibberellic acid. The medium
containing 10.75 μM NAA and 2.33 μM KT promoted rooting of 10% of the elongated shoots. Plantlets grew up well in the green house.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Konstantin V. Kiselev Anna V. Turlenko Yuri N. Zhuravlev 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(2):141-149
A somatic embryogenesis protocol for plant regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) was established from immature cotyledon explants. Embryogenic callus cultures were induced on Murashige and Skoog medium
(MS) containing 3% sucrose, 0.24% Phytagel™, and various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) after 4 weeks of culture in darkness. A higher response (66%) of embryogenic callus was induced on 0.45 μM 2,4-d. Higher numbers of globular- (31), heart- (17), torpedo- (12), and cotyledon-stage (8) embryos per explant were obtained
by culturing embryogenic callus on MS with 3% sucrose, 0.24% Phytagel™, and devoid of growth regulators after 8 weeks culture
in darkness. Continuous sub-culturing of embryogenic callus on medium containing 2,4-d yielded only compact callus. Desiccation of embryos for 3 days in darkness at 25 ± 2°C followed by cold storage at 4°C in
darkness for 8 weeks favored embryo germination and development of plantlets. Cotyledon-stage embryos subjected to desiccation
and chilling treatment cultured on MS with 3% sucrose, 0.24 Phytagel™, 0.44 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and 0.29 μM gibberellic
acid germinated at a higher frequency (61%) than with 0.44 μM BA alone and control cultures. Germinated plantlets developed
a shoot and root, were acclimatized successfully, and maintained in a growth room for plantlet development. 相似文献
20.
A simple and efficient system was developed for rapid somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Merwilla plumbea, a traditional but threatened medicinal plant in South Africa. Friable embryogenic callus (FEC) was obtained from leaf explants
on embryogenic callus induction medium containing agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins, 8.3 μM picloram,
2.3 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) and 20 μM glutamine. FEC was subsequently incubated in embryogenic callus proliferation medium containing
4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4.1 μM picloram for 7 days before it was transferred to liquid somatic embryo
medium (SEML) containing MS medium supplemented with 0.4 μM picloram and 0.9 μM TDZ. In SEML supplemented with 150 mg L−1 haemoglobin, 5.4–35.6 somatic embryos per settled cell volume of 500 mg FEC were obtained. These embryos were at globular
to cotyledonary developmental stages. Embryo maturation, germination and plant formation rate was 94.4% following transfer
of SEs to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.4 μM gibberellic acid. Plantlets transferred into soil acclimatized
in the misthouse and established successfully in the greenhouse (100%). This is the first report on induction of Merwilla plumbea somatic embryogenesis. The protocol developed offers controlled vegetative propagation by alleviating extinction threats,
ensures germplasm conservation and provides a system for physiological, biochemical, molecular and cellular studies of embryo
development. 相似文献