盐胁迫对玫瑰生长和生理特性的影响

以野生玫瑰和3个玫瑰栽培品种一年生扦插苗为试材,对不同浓度NaCl胁迫下玫瑰的生物量、光合作用、渗透调节物质含量、根活力和离子含量进行了研究.结果表明:盐胁迫抑制了玫瑰的生长,与地上部相比,根系对盐胁迫更加敏感;盐胁迫下,野生玫瑰的游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著高于栽培玫瑰;品种‘紫雁’高于‘紫枝’和‘中科二号’;盐胁迫对野生玫瑰光合性能和根活力的影响明显小于栽培玫瑰.野生玫瑰的耐盐性优于栽培玫瑰;而栽培玫瑰中‘紫雁’优于‘紫枝’和‘中科二号’.上述生理指标可作为玫瑰耐盐性评价的参考指标.     

盐胁迫对地木耳和葛仙米生理生化特性的影响

地木耳为一种耐干旱的陆生念珠藻 ,葛仙米则是水生念珠藻 ,由于对各自生境的适应 ,二者在对盐胁迫的反应上可能会有差异。为了阐明这种差异 ,研究了不同盐度胁迫下它们的光合活性、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及质膜透性的变化。结果表明 ,高盐胁迫下地木耳和葛仙米的光合活性均降低 ;在 0 .8mol·L- 1 的盐浓度下胁迫 48和 96h后 ,地木耳仍可检测到微弱的光合活性 ,而在葛仙米中已检测不到。地木耳中脯氨酸升高 ;可溶性糖含量升高 ,增幅为87%— 2 0 0 % ;质膜透性比对照略有增加 ,但不同盐度之间差别不大。葛仙米中脯氨酸含量降低 ;可溶性糖含量在NaCl小于 0 .4mol·L- 1 时随盐度的升高而升高 ,增幅为 1 0 0 %— 1 0 0 0 % ,当高于 0 .4mol·L- 1 时随盐度的升高而降低 ;质膜透性随盐度增加而增加 ,在盐浓度为 0 .6和 0 .8mol·L- 1 时 ,均达 90 %以上。结果表明 ,地木耳比葛仙米更能耐受盐度胁迫 ;可溶性糖在地木耳和葛仙米抵抗盐胁迫中有重要作用 ,而脯氨酸在葛仙米抗盐胁迫中可能不作为相容溶质起作用     

盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响

以3年生柽柳为材料,采用盆栽实验测定分析不同盐旱交叉胁迫下柽柳的生长状况、光合色素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,以阐明盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响。结果显示:(1)盐胁迫对柽柳生长影响大于干旱胁迫,茎叶对盐旱胁迫的敏感性高于根系部分;随着盐胁迫的加剧,柽柳株高、基径以及干物质量均降低。(2)随盐旱胁迫的加剧,柽柳幼苗叶片光合色素含量先升高后降低,主导影响因子由干旱胁迫转为盐胁迫;重度盐胁迫下,叶绿素a、b下降明显。(3)中度干旱胁迫下,SOD和POD活性随盐胁迫的增强先降低后升高;随盐旱胁迫的加剧,SOD和POD活性逐渐减弱。(4)适度的盐旱胁迫能降低幼苗MDA含量,但重度干旱、轻中度盐分胁迫下MDA含量较高。研究发现,柽柳能通过调整自身生长和生理生化特性来提高其对逆境适应能力,表现出较强的抗旱耐盐性;盐旱胁迫下柽柳表现出一定的交叉适应性,适度的干旱胁迫能增强柽柳的耐盐能力。     

盐胁迫对红叶石楠‘鲁班’生理生化特性及叶片显微结构的影响

以一年生红叶石楠‘鲁班’盆栽苗为材料,研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫下其生长、生理生化指标和叶片显微结构的变化。结果表明：在0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的NaCl胁迫下植株生长正常,而在0.8%、1.0%和1.2%的NaCl胁迫下植株生长受抑制;叶片最大荧光（Fm）、光系统II（PSII）最初光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）、表观光合电子传递速率（ETR）随NaCl浓度的升高而降低,其中在0.8%、1.0%和1.2%的NaCl胁迫下比对照显著降低;叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量及叶绿素a/b的比值随盐浓度的升高而降低;在0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的NaCl胁迫下,叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性较对照显著上升,而当NaCl浓度为0.8%、1.0%和1.2%时显著下降;在0.4%和0.6%的NaCl胁迫下叶片中丙二醛（MDA）的含量与对照相比显著降低,0.8%、1.0%和1.2%的NaCl胁迫下显著升高;叶中栅栏细胞在NaCl浓度为0.2%、0.4%和0.6%时逐渐纵向伸长且排列更紧密,浓度为0.8%、1.0%和1.2%时逐渐缩短且疏松,且栅栏组织厚度在0.6%的NaCl胁迫下达到最大。由此表明,红叶石楠‘鲁班’在NaCl浓度不高于0.6%的基质中能正常生长。     

盐胁迫对沙冬青幼苗生长与生理特性的影响

水培条件下,对沙冬青幼苗以不同浓度的NaCl溶液进行处理,并测定其相关生理指标。结果显示：随着盐浓度的增加,叶绿素含量与叶绿素荧光参数（F_v/F_o和F_v/F_m）逐渐降低,丙二醛含量升高。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性随着盐浓度的升高表现出先上升后下降的趋势,0.7%盐胁迫下的幼苗POD酶活性最高,1.0%和1.3%盐胁迫下的酶活性逐渐降低,而过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性呈持续上升趋势。各处理渗透调节物质脯氨酸的含量较对照明显增加,可溶性糖含量在根中升幅较大,叶片增幅不明显。幼苗死亡率也随着胁迫程度的加剧而升高,当浓度达到1.0%和1.3%时幼苗死亡率较高,分别达到了53.33%和76.67%。研究表明,低浓度盐胁迫下（0.7%以下）,沙冬青幼苗表现出较强的抗性;当盐浓度升高到1.0%和1.3%时,其生长受到严重影响。     

盐旱交叉胁迫对银沙槐幼苗生理生化特性的影响

以盆栽银沙槐（Ammodendron argenteum（Pall.）Kuntze）幼苗为材料,研究盐旱交叉胁迫对幼苗抗逆生理特性的影响,为其引种栽培提供理论依据。结果显示,随着交叉胁迫程度的加剧,银沙槐幼苗的根重比、根冠比、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素a/b（Chl a/Chl b）、类胡萝卜素（Car）含量显著上升,在各种重度胁迫处理下含量均维持在较高的水平;叶重比、根系活力、根系和叶片相对含水量（RWC）、叶绿素含量下降;过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。分析认为银沙槐幼苗在盐旱交叉胁迫下表现出交叉适应性,适度的干旱胁迫可增加银沙槐的抗盐能力。     

盐胁迫对黄独脱毒苗生长和若干生理生化指标的影响

通过在培养基中添加不同浓度NaCl,探讨盐胁迫对黄独脱毒苗生长及若干生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下,黄独脱毒苗的生长受到明显抑制,叶片中总叶绿素含量、SOD活性下降,丙二醛含量增加,脯氨酸大量积累;随盐胁迫强度的加大,对试管苗生长及生理生化指标的影响相应加剧;在盐胁迫下,黄独脱毒苗叶片脯氨酸含量与丙二醛含量呈极显著正相关,而与叶绿素含量和SOD活性呈极显著负相关。因此,盐胁迫下叶片中脯氨酸含量的变化可作为黄独脱毒苗受害程度的主要生理鉴定指标。     

Pb胁迫对路易斯安那鸢尾幼苗生长和生理生化特性的影响

采用液体培养法研究了0（CK）、200、400、600和800 mg·L-1Pb胁迫条件下路易斯安那鸢尾（Louisiana Iris）品种‘Professor Neil’幼苗生长,叶片叶绿素含量,叶片和根系的丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸（Pro）含量、超氧阴离子自由基（O-·2）产生速率以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的变化。结果表明：随Pb质量浓度的提高,幼苗的株高、根长、叶片和根系干质量以及耐性指数总体呈逐渐下降的趋势,且总体上显著低于对照（P〈0.05）,但各处理组间差异不显著。幼苗叶片的叶绿素a和b含量均随Pb质量浓度提高而缓慢下降,但仅在800 mg·L-1Pb胁迫条件下叶绿素a含量显著低于对照（P〈0.05）,其余处理组的叶绿素a和b含量及叶绿素a/b比值均与对照无显著差异。叶片和根系的MDA和Pro含量及POD活性均随Pb质量浓度提高逐渐增加,根系的SOD活性则随Pb质量浓度提高逐渐降低;而叶片的SOD活性以及叶片和根系的CAT活性和O-·2产生速率均在200~600 mg·L-1Pb胁迫条件下随Pb质量浓度提高逐渐增加,但在800 mg·L-1Pb胁迫下均不同程度降低,表明路易斯安那鸢尾可通过体内抗氧化酶和相关物质的诱导及合成缓解低浓度Pb胁迫对其造成的毒害作用,而高浓度Pb胁迫对路易斯安那鸢尾的伤害较重。综合分析结果表明：路易斯安那鸢尾具有一定的耐Pb特性和修复Pb污染水体的潜能。     

盐胁迫对槲树(Quercus dentata)幼苗离子平衡及其生理生化特性的影响

检测NaCl胁迫对槲树（Quercus dentata）幼苗离子平衡和生理生化特性的影响,为揭示槲树的耐盐机理,其在园林中的推广应用提供参考。以一年生槲树实生苗作为实验材料,经100、200、300 mmol/L的NaCl溶液浇灌处理30 d,测定不同时间的离子含量和生理生化指标变化。结果表明,随NaCl浓度的增加和处理的时间延长,槲树各指标表现出以下规律：（1）根茎叶积累大量Na⁺,引起离子毒害,导致叶片受损,根系Na⁺含量显著高于地上部分,这种补偿作用有助于减轻地上部分受到的损害;（2）各部分K⁺含量降低,根部较茎叶更为显著,导致Na⁺/K⁺明显升高;（3）Ca²⁺由根部向地上部分转运,在叶片中浓度显著增加,有助于建立新的离子稳态;（4）Mg²⁺含量总体上呈降低趋势;（5）叶片含水量逐渐降低,丙二醛含量和相对电导率逐步升高,且在重度胁迫下的变化更显著;（6）轻度盐胁迫下,叶片过氧化物酶（POD）活性无显著变化,而过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性逐渐升高,在重度胁迫下3种酶活性出现降低;（7）脯氨酸和可溶性糖少量积累,辅助调节渗透平衡。总之,槲树幼苗能够通过调控离子平衡,提升抗氧化酶活性,积累渗透调节物,从而提高耐盐性,抵御200 mmol/L以下的NaCl胁迫。     

盐胁迫对盆栽滁菊生理特性的影响

以滁菊扦插苗为材料,采用不同盐浓度进行盆栽实验,研究了在不同 NaCl 浓度(0、100、200、300、400、500 mmol·L-1)下,滁菊的形态及叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、MDA 含量、叶片伤害率和根系活力等生理指标的变化情况。结果表明：叶绿素含量、根系活力随盐胁迫强度的增强而下降;可溶性糖和MDA 含量随盐胁迫强度的增强呈先升后降趋势;叶片伤害率、脯氨酸含量随盐胁迫强度的增强而增加。研究发现滁菊扦插苗能耐受较低浓度的盐胁迫,当盐浓度较高时,其生长受到较大抑制。     

自然环境胁迫对旱冬瓜Frankia菌基因多样性的影响

利用rep-PCR方法,研究云南鸡足山及无量山不同生境下旱冬瓜根瘤内Frankia菌基因多样性及其变化,以了解不同自然环境胁迫对Frankia菌基因多样性的影响。结果表明,多样性随地域、海拔和坡向不同而变化,鸡足山Frankia菌基因类型比无量山丰富。鸡足山旱冬瓜根瘤内的Frankia菌在山底2300m处,Shannon指数平均为0．90;山顶海拔2650m以上,Shannon指数随之上升到1．33。南坡Frankia菌多样性高于北坡,表明多样性指数与环境胁迫大小成正相关,自然环境胁迫是产生和保持Frankia菌基因多样性的重要因子之一。     

Frankia growth and activity as influenced by water potential

Summary Growth responses of Frankia isolates to decreasing water potential were monitored in systems where potentials were controlled by KCl, NaCl and Polyethylene glycol. The highest potential tested was −2 bar (basal medium). The general pattern emerging was that isolates fromAlnus glutinosa, A. viridis andComptonia peregrina showed declining growth at potentials below −2 to −5 bar. AMyrica gale isolate showed declining growth with decreasing potential. All isolates were more sensitive to decreases in potential in a matric controlled than an osmotic controlled system. They all showed approximately 50 percent growth reduction at −5 to −8 bar, and meagre growth at −16 bar after 35 days. The Comptonia isolate was the most vigorous at low potentials. Nitrogen fixation ability was monitored for two isolates. Highest specific activities were observed between −3 and −5 bar for the Myrica isolate and between −5 and −7.5 bar for theA. glutinosa isolate.     

盐胁迫对柳枝稷苗期生长和生理特性的影响

2010年,在人工气候室中设置了0、50、100、150和200 mmol·L-15种NaCl浓度处理,分析盐胁迫对柳枝稷苗期生长的影响.结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,柳枝稷的生长明显受到抑制,株高降低、叶片变小、光合叶面积减少、净光合速率下降,干物质积累量显著降低,表现出甜土植物的特点.柳枝稷的耐盐能力较强,在200 mmol·L-1NaCl溶液中处理30 d后仍能存活,单株绿叶面积为491.9 cm2,净光合速率为0.93 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1.本试验条件下,以生长量下降50％为标准求得柳枝稷的耐盐阈值为178.6 mmol·L-1.     

应用ARDRA技术研究Frankia菌多样性

应用原核生物16SrDNA特异性引物rD1和fD1,对分自4个分类接种群的12株纯培养Frankia菌总DNA进行扩增,得到1条长约1500bp的扩增产物.选用2种内切酶HinfI,MspI对扩增产物进行酶切,得到稳定的酶切图谱.对图谱的分析结果表明,Frankia菌间存在极其丰富的遗传多样性.     

Saprophytic growth of inoculated Frankia sp. in soil microcosms

The potential of two Frankia strains to grow saprophytically was studied in nonsterile soil microcosms with ground leaf litter of Alnus glutinosa as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources. Strains Ag45/Mut15 and ArI3, which represent two taxonomic subgroups within the Alnus host infection group were inoculated alone, or together to investigate potential competition. Their growth was analyzed by in situ and dot-blot hybridization. A significant increase in cell numbers and filament length was observed during the first 6 weeks after inoculation for strain Ag45/Mut15, both alone and in mixed culture with strain ArI3, followed by a decrease until the end of the study after 12 weeks. The number of filaments remained unchanged. In contrast, the cell numbers and filament length of strain ArI3 were reduced significantly during the first 2 weeks and were undetectable for the remainder of the study. These results were comparable with those obtained in sterile mineral medium amended with leaf litter of A. glutinosa, although reductions in cell numbers and filament length were less pronounced than in soil microcosms. In concomitant control studies without leaf litter amendments for both experimental setups, filaments of both strains could only be detected immediately after inoculation. These results were matched in all experimental setups by concomitant shifts in the rRNA content of both strains, i.e., an immediate decline in the rRNA content for strain ArI3 after inoculation, and an increase in the rRNA content, followed by a late decline during incubation for strain Ag45/Mut15. These results demonstrated that Frankia strain Ag45/Mut15 could grow saprophytically in soil with complex carbon and nitrogen sources such as leaf litter, while the growth of strain ArI3 was not supported.     

Effects of phosphorus supply on in vitro growth and phosphatase activity of Frankia isolates from Casuarina

An in vitro experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different sources and levels of P supply on growth, viability and phosphatase activity of three tropical Frankia strains isolated from Casuarina. P concentration for optimum growth was between 0.1 and 10.0 M in the absence of external combined nitrogen. Specific viability was not influenced by P supply. Morphological features of Frankia, such as hyphal length and vesicle numbers, were found to largely mirror growth. Phosphatase activity was detected in all three Frankia strains and was highest when P was omitted from the culture solution. There were more than 10-fold differences between the Frankia strains in the level of phosphatase activities shown. This study suggested that soils low in P are unlikely to restrict micro-symbiont growth activity.     

外源一氧化氮对盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

研究了外源一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）对盐胁迫下多年生黑麦草幼苗生长及相关生理指标变化的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,50～200μmol·L-1NO供体硝普钠（sodium nitroprusside,SNP）可缓解盐胁迫对黑麦草幼苗生长的抑制作用,其中100μmo·lL-1SNP缓解作用最强。外施SNP显著缓解了盐胁迫导致的叶片相对电导率、K＋与Na＋比率、丙二醛含量和活性氧水平的增加,提高了盐胁迫下幼苗叶子中脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和过氧化物酶等抗氧化酶的活性。这些结果说明,NO可能通过降低细胞吸收Na＋的量、增加细胞吸收K＋的量和脯氨酸含量以及激活抗氧化保护酶等减轻了盐对黑麦草的伤害,提高了黑麦草的抗盐性。     

Effect of salt stress on the physiology of Frankia sp strain CcI6

Actinorhizal plants are able to overcome saline soils and reclaim land. Frankia sp strain CcI6 was isolated from nodules of Casuarina cunninghamiana found in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis of Frankia sp. strain CcI6 revealed that the strain is closely related to Frankia sp. strain CcI3. The strain displays an elevated level of NaCl tolerance. Vesicle production and nitrogenase activity were also influenced by NaCl.