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1.
Qian Chen Hou-Yang Kang Xing Fan Yi Wang Li-Na Sha Hai-Qin Zhang Mei-Yu Zhong Li-Li Xu Jian Zeng Rui-Wu Yang Li Zhang Chun-Bang Ding Yong-Hong Zhou 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Single- and low-copy genes are less likely to be subject to concerted evolution. Thus, they are appropriate tools to study the origin and evolution of polyploidy plant taxa. The plastid 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene (Pgk-1) sequences from 44 accessions of Triticum and Aegilops, representing diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheats, were used to estimate the origin of Triticum petropavlovskyi. Our phylogenetic analysis was carried out on exon+intron, exon and intron sequences, using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and haplotype networking. We found the D genome sequences of Pgk-1 genes from T. petropavlovskyi are similar to the D genome orthologs in T. aestivum, while their relationship with Ae. tauschii is more distant. The A genome sequences of T. petropavlovskyi group with those of T. polonicum, but its Pgk-1 B genome sequences to some extent diverge from those of other species of Triticum. Our data do not support for the origin of T. petropavlovskyi either as an independent allopolyploidization event between Ae. tauschii and T. polonicum, or as a monomendelian mutation in T. aestivum. We suggest that T. petropavlovskyi originated via spontaneous introgression from T. polonicum into T. aestivum. The dating of this introgression indicates an age of 0.78 million years; a further mutation event concerning the B genome occurred 0.69 million years ago. 相似文献
2.
Six near-isogenic lines of the wheat cultivar Saratovskaya 29 carrying five marker genes from different species (Triticum compactum L., T. polonicum L., T. petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch., Aegilops elongatum Host. and Secale cereale L.) were studied. It was shown that the introduced marker genes of taxonomic significance, C and P, have strong pleiotropic effects on quantitative traits of the spike productivity. 相似文献
3.
H. -Y. Kang Y. Wang H. -J. Yuan Y. Jiang Y. -H. Zhou 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2009,45(6):671-677
Dwarfing polish wheat is a dwarfing accession of Triticum polonicum L. from Xinjiang of China. In the present study, the artificial hybridization between dwarfing polish wheat and two accessions
of Aegilops tauschii Cosson. (AS60 and AS65) was carried out, and the F1 hybrids were obtained successfully without using embryo rescue techniques for the first time. The crossabilities of hybrids
T. polonicum × Ae. tauschii (AS60) and T. polonicum × Ae. tauschii (AS65) were 1.67% and 0.60% respectively. Only the hybrids of T. polonicum × Ae. tauschii (AS60) germinated well, and 24 F1 hybrid plants were obtained. All the F1 hybrid plants grew vigorously, and the morphological traits were similar to bread wheat. The F1 plants had some obvious traits inherited from T. polonicum and Ae. tauschii and were completely sterile. Chromosome pairing in the hybrid was characterized by a large number of univalents, with an
average of 20.56 and 0.22 bivalents per PMC, and no ring bivalents and multivalents were observed. Furthermore, the potential
value of the F1 hybrids between T. polonicum and Ae. tauschii for studying wheat origin and breeding are discussed.
The article is published in the original. 相似文献
4.
K. A. Golovnina E. Ya. Kondratenko A. G. Blinov N. P. Goncharov 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2009,45(11):1360-1367
Diploid species of the genus Triticum L. are its most ancient representatives and have the A genome, which was more recently inherited by all polyploid species.
Studies of the phylogenetic relationships among diploid and polyploid wheat species help to identify the donors of elementary
genomes and to examine the species specificity of genomes. In this study, molecular analysis of the variable sequences of
three nuclear genes (Acc-1, Pgk-1, and Vrn-1) was performed for wild and cultivated wheat species, including both diploids and polyploids. Based on the sequence variations
found in the genes, clear differences were observed among elementary genomes, but almost no polymorphism was detected within
each genome in polyploids. At the same time, the regions of the three genes proved to be rather heterogeneous in the diploid
species Triticum boeoticum Boiss., T. urartu Thum. ex Gandil., and T. monococcum L., thus representing mixed populations. A genome variant identical to the A genome of polyploid species was observed only
in T. urartu. Species-specific molecular markers discriminating the diploid species were not found. Analysis of the inheritance of morphological
characters also failed to identify a species-specific character for the three diploid wheat species apart from the hairy leaf
blade type, described previously. 相似文献
5.
Faris J Sirikhachornkit A Haselkorn R Gill B Gornicki P 《Molecular biology and evolution》2001,18(9):1720-1733
The cytosolic isoform of plant acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a multidomain enzyme involved in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids and in secondary metabolism. Chromosome mapping of wheat identified one locus containing cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes (Acc-2) and a related partially processed pseudogene (Psi-Acc-2) in the distal region of the long arm of wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosomes. Multiple copies of the Acc-2 genes, whose presence was suggested by sequence analysis, are likely to be arranged in tandem repeats. At least three out of five genes cloned from hexaploid wheat map to this locus. Another locus containing Acc-2--related sequences is present in the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 5D. The identity of the hybridizing DNA present at this locus remains unknown. A system based on PCR-cloning and DNA sequence analysis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes was developed to address various phylogenetic and systematics questions in grasses. It was applied to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Acc-2 genes from D- and S-genome Aegilops and A-genome Triticum diploid species, AABB- and AAGG-genome tetraploid wheat, and AABBDD-genome hexaploid wheat, as well as from rye and barley. The combined cytogenetic and molecular evolution approach allowed assignment of gene sequences included in phylogenetic analysis to specific loci on homoeologous chromosomes. Recurring gene duplication followed by chromosome translocation and/or possible loss of some gene copies, as well as loss of introns, occurred in the gene family in different plant lineages. Two major Acc-2 clades appeared before the divergence of barley and rye. Nucleotide substitution rates in different parts of the Acc-2 gene were assessed. This analysis of the Acc-2 loci provides detailed information regarding evolutionary events at a low--copy-number locus containing important functional genes. These events are likely to be common and to play a significant role in shaping grass genomes. 相似文献
6.
Lucas SJ Šimková H Šafář J Jurman I Cattonaro F Vautrin S Bellec A Berges H Doležel J Budak H 《Functional & integrative genomics》2012,12(1):173-182
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops globally and a high priority for genetic improvement, but its large and complex genome
has been seen as intractable to whole genome sequencing. Isolation of individual wheat chromosome arms has facilitated large-scale
sequence analyses. However, so far there is no such survey of sequences from the A genome of wheat. Greater understanding
of an A chromosome could facilitate wheat improvement and future sequencing of the entire genome. We have constructed BAC
library from the long arm of T. aestivum chromosome 1A (1AL) and obtained BAC end sequences from 7,470 clones encompassing the arm. We obtained 13,445 (89.99%) useful
sequences with a cumulative length of 7.57 Mb, representing 1.43% of 1AL and about 0.14% of the entire A genome. The GC content
of the sequences was 44.7%, and 90% of the chromosome was estimated to comprise repeat sequences, while just over 1% encoded
expressed genes. From the sequence data, we identified a large number of sites suitable for development of molecular markers
(362 SSR and 6,948 ISBP) which will have utility for mapping this chromosome and for marker assisted breeding. From 44 putative
ISBP markers tested 23 (52.3%) were found to be useful. The BAC end sequence data also enabled the identification of genes
and syntenic blocks specific to chromosome 1AL, suggesting regions of particular functional interest and targets for future
research. 相似文献
7.
R. W. Ward Z. L. Yang H. S. Kim C. Yen 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(2):312-318
Chinese accessions of Triticum tauschii and T. aestivum L. from the Sichuan white (SW), Yunnan hulled (YH), Tibetan weedrace (TW), and Xinjiang rice (XR) wheat groups were subjected
to RFLP analysis. T. tauschii and landraces of T. aestivum from countries in Southwest Asia were also evaluated. For T. tauschii, a west to east gradient was apparent where the Chinese accessions exhibited less diversity than those from Southwest Asia.
Compared to the Southwest Asian gene pool, the Chinese T. tauschii was highly homogeneous giving a low frequency of polymorphic bands (16%) and banding patterns (1.33 per probe) with 75 RFLP
probe-HindIII combinations. Accessions of T. tauschii from Afghanistan and Pakistan were genetically more similar to the Chinese T. tauschii than those from Iran. Of 368 bands found for 39 Chinese hexaploid wheat accessions with 63 RFLP probe-HindIII combinations, 28.3% were polymorphic with an average of 2.6 banding patterns per probe and 5.0 bands per genotype. The
individual Chinese landrace wheat groups revealed less variation than those from Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey. When classified
into country based groups, however, the diversity level over all Chinese landraces was greater than that of some Southwest
Asian landraces, especially those from Afghanistan and Iran . The XR wheat group was genetically distinct from the other three
Chinese landrace groups and was more related to the Southwest Asian landraces. The TW group was genetically similar to, but
more diverse than, the SW and YH groups. The Chinese landraces had a higher degree of genetic relatedness to the Southwest
Asian T. tauschii, particularly to accessions from Iran, rather than to the Chinese T. tauschii. ‘Chinese Spring’ was most related to ‘Chengdu-guang-tou’, a cultivar from the SW wheat group.
Received: 13 May 1997 / Accepted: 19 September 1997 相似文献
8.
9.
de Bustos A Pérez R Jouve N 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,114(6):985-999
The MRE11 protein is a component of the highly conserved MRN complex, along with RAD50 and NBS1. This complex is crucial in
the repair of breaks in double stranded DNA, and is involved in many other cell processes. The present paper reports the molecular
characterization of Mre11 gene in all three genomes of wheat, making use of the diploid species Triticum monococcum (genome A) and Aegilops Tauschii (genome D), the tetraploid T. turgidum (genomes A and B), and the hexaploid T. aestivum (genomes A, B and D). The genomic sequences characterized ranged from 4,662 to 4,766 bp in length; the cDNA corresponding
to the processed mRNA was 2,440–2,510 bp long. In all cases, Mre11 coded for a highly conserved protein of 699 amino acids with a structure involving 22 exons. Mre11 expression was determined by real-time PCR in all the species analysed. The tetraploid species showed an expression similar
to that of the diploid Ae. tauschii and lower than that of T. monococcum. Stronger expression was detected in the hexaploid T. aestivum. The SSCP technique was modified by introducing fluorescent labelling to the procedure in order to analyse the expression
of the different Mre11 genes (i.e., those belonging to the different genomes) in the polyploid species. In both polyploids, the Mre11 gene belonging to the B genome was the least expressed. This probably reflects a first step in the process of silencing duplicate
genes after polyploidization. 相似文献
10.
A collection of 44 cloned 5S DNA units fromTriticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring were grouped into 12 sequence-types based on sequence similarity and the respective consensus sequences were then produced. The relationship between these 12 consensus sequences (T. aestivum S 1-S 8 andT. aestivum L 1-L 4), together with two clones sequenced byGerlach andDyer, and the 5S DNA consensus sequences from diploidTriticum spp. were then determined by numerical methods. Both phenetic and cladistic analyses were carried out. The following wheat 5S DNA sequences were found to group with respective sequences from diploidTriticum spp.:T. aestivum S 4, S 6 withT. tauschii S;T. aestivum S 3 withT. monococcum S andT. monococcum S-Rus 7;T. aestivum L 1 andT. aestivum L-G&D withT. speltoides L;T. aestivum L 2, L 3 withT. tauschii L;T. aestivum L 4 withT. monococcum L andT. monococcum L-Rus 12. The analyses suggested that 5 out of the 65S Dna loci present in wheat were identified at the sequence level. The locus that could not be identified in this analysis was the5S Dna-B 1 locus. A group ofT. aestivum sequences (T. aestivum S 1, S 7, S 8, S-G&D) were found to be distinct from the other 5S DNA sequences in the data base. The existence of the distinct group of 5S DNA sequences suggests that there is a gap in our current understanding of wheat evolution with respect to the5S Dna loci. 相似文献
11.
GluDy allele variations in Aegilops tauschii and Triticum aestivum: implications for the origins of hexaploid wheats 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
Giles RJ Brown TA 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,112(8):1563-1572
To investigate the evolution and geographical origins of hexaploid wheat, we examined a 284 bp sequence from the promoter region of the GluDy locus, coding for the y subunit of high-molecular-weight glutenin. Fourteen different alleles were found in 100 accessions of Aegilops tauschii and 169 of Triticum aestivum. Two alleles were present in both species; the other 7 alleles from Ae. tauschii and 5 from T. aestivum were unique to their respective species. The two shared alleles differed at only one nucleotide position within the region sequenced, but their apparent association with the common haplotypes GluD1a and GluD1d, which have substantial differences within their GluDy coding regions, makes it unlikely that the alleles evolved independently in Ae. tauschii and T. aestivum. The results therefore support previous studies which suggest that there were at least two Ae. tauschii sources that contributed germplasm to the D genome of T. aestivum. The number of alleles present in T. aestivum, and the nucleotide diversity of these alleles, indicates that this region of the D genome has undergone relatively rapid change since polyploidisation. Ae. tauschii from Syria and Turkey had relatively high nucleotide diversity and possessed all the major GluDy alleles, indicating that these populations are probably ancient and not the result of adventive spread. The presence in the Turkish population of both of the shared alleles suggests that hexaploid wheat is likely to have originated in southeast Turkey or northern Syria, within the Fertile Crescent and near to the farming villages at which archaeological remains of hexaploid wheats are first found. A second, more recent, hexaploidisation probably occurred in Iran. 相似文献
12.
Wang B 《Journal of molecular evolution》2001,53(3):244-250
Genes with atypical G+C content and pattern of codon usage in a certain genome are possibly of exotic origin, and this idea
has been applied to identify horizontal events. In this way, it was postulated that a total of 755 genes in the E. coli genome are relics of horizontal events after the divergence of E. coli from the Salmonella lineage 100 million years ago (Lawrence and Ochman, 1998). In this paper we propose a new way to study sequence composition
more thoroughly. We found that although the 755 genes differ in composition from other genes in the E. coli genome, the difference is minor. If we accepted that these genes are horizontally transferred, then (1) it would be more
likely that they were transferred from genomes evolutionarily closely related to E. coli; but (2) the dating method used by Lawrence and Ochman (1997, 1998) largely underestimated the average age of introduced sequences
in the E. coli genome, in particular, most of the 755 genes should be introduced into E. coli before, instead of after, the divergence of E. coli from the Salmonella lineage. Our study reveals that atypical G+C content and pattern of codon usage are not reliable indicators of horizontal
gene transfer events.
Received: 27 September 2000 / Accepted: 9 April 2001 相似文献
13.
Joanna Melonek Ruonan Zhou Philipp E. Bayer David Edwards Nils Stein Ian Small 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2019,97(2):281-295
Nuclear restorer of fertility (Rf) genes suppress the effects of mitochondrial genes causing cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a condition in which plants fail to produce viable pollen. Rf genes, many of which encode RNA‐binding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, are applied in hybrid breeding to overcome CMS used to block self‐pollination of the seed parent. Here, we characterise the repertoire of restorer‐of‐fertility‐like (RFL) PPR genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare). We found 26 RFL genes in the reference genome (‘Morex’) and an additional 51 putative orthogroups (POGs) in a re‐sequencing data set from 262 barley genotypes and landraces. Whereas the sequences of some POGs are highly conserved across hundreds of barley accessions, the sequences of others are much more variable. High sequence variation strongly correlates with genomic location – the most variable genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 1H. A much higher likelihood of diversifying selection was found for genes within this cluster than for genes present as singlets. This work includes a comprehensive analysis of the patterns of intraspecific variation of RFL genes. The RFL sequences characterised in this study will be useful for the development of new markers for fertility restoration loci. 相似文献
14.
Yutaka Tamaru Hideo Miyake Kouichi Kuroda Akihito Nakanishi Chiyuki Matsushima Roy H. Doi Mitsuyoshi Ueda 《Microbial biotechnology》2011,4(1):64-73
Clostridium cellulovorans, an anaerobic and mesophilic bacterium, degrades native substrates in soft biomass such as corn fibre and rice straw efficiently by producing an extracellular enzyme complex called the cellulosome. Recently, we have reported the whole‐genome sequence of C. cellulovorans comprising 4220 predicted genes in 5.10 Mbp [Y. Tamaru et al., (2010) J. Bacteriol., 192: 901–902]. As a result, the genome size of C. cellulovorans was about 1 Mbp larger than that of other cellulosome‐producing clostridia, mesophilic C. cellulolyticum and thermophilic C. thermocellum. A total of 57 cellulosomal genes were found in the C. cellulovorans genome, and they coded for not only carbohydrate‐degrading enzymes but also a lipase, peptidases and proteinase inhibitors. Interestingly, two novel genes encoding scaffolding proteins were found in the genome. According to KEGG metabolic pathways and their comparison with 11 Clostridial genomes, gene expansion in the C. cellulovorans genome indicated mainly non‐cellulosomal genes encoding hemicellulases and pectin‐degrading enzymes. Thus, by examining genome sequences from multiple Clostridium species, comparative genomics offers new insight into genome evolution and the way natural selection moulds functional DNA sequence evolution. Our analysis, coupled with the genome sequence data, provides a roadmap for constructing enhanced cellulosome‐producing Clostridium strains for industrial applications such as biofuel production. 相似文献
15.
Aoki S 《Journal of plant research》2004,117(4):329-337
The Ngrol genes, which have high similarity in sequence to the rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, are present in the genome of untransformed plants of Nicotiana glauca. It is thought that bacterial infection resulted in the transfer of the Ngrol genes to plants early in the evolution of the genus Nicotiana, since several species in this genus contain rol-like sequences but others do not. Plants transformed with the bacterial rol genes exhibit various developmental and morphological changes. The presence of rol-like sequences in plant genomes is therefore thought to have contributed to the evolution of Nicotiana species. This paper focuses on studies of the Ngrol genes in present-day plants and during the evolution of the genus Nicotiana. The functional sequences of several Ngrol genes may have been conserved after their ancient introduction from a bacterium to the plant. Resurrection of an ancestral function of one of the Ngrol genes, as examined by physiological and evolutionary analyses, is also described. The origin of the Ngrol genes is then considered, based on results of molecular phylogenetic analyses. The effects of the horizontal transfer of the Ngrol genes and mutations in the genes are discussed on the plants of the genus Nicotiana during evolution.Seishiro Aoki is the recipient of the Botanical Society Award for Young Scientist, 2002. 相似文献
16.
Jeong-Hwan Mun Hee-Ju Yu Soomin Park Beom-Seok Park 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,282(6):617-631
Nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-encoding resistance genes are key plant disease-resistance genes and are abundant in plant genomes,
comprising up to 2% of all genes. The availability of genome sequences from several plant models enables the identification
and cloning of NBS-encoding genes from closely related species based on a comparative genomics approach. In this study, we
used the genome sequence of Brassica rapa to identify NBS-encoding genes in the Brassica genome. We identified 92 non-redundant NBS-encoding genes [30 CC-NBS-LRR (CNL) and 62 TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) genes] in approximately
100 Mbp of B. rapa euchromatic genome sequence. Despite the fact that B. rapa has a significantly larger genome than Arabidopsis thaliana due to a recent whole genome triplication event after speciation, B. rapa contains relatively small number of NBS-encoding genes compared to A. thaliana, presumably because of deletion of redundant genes related to genome diploidization. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses
suggest that relatively higher relaxation of selective constraints on the TNL group after the old duplication event resulted
in greater accumulation of TNLs than CNLs in both Arabidopsis and Brassica genomes. Recent tandem duplication and ectopic deletion are likely to have played a role in the generation of novel Brassica lineage-specific resistance genes. 相似文献
17.
18.
Peridinin-pigmented dinoflagellates contain secondary plastids that seem to have undergone more nearly complete plastid genome
reduction than other eukaryotes. Many typically plastid-encoded genes appear to have been transferred to the nucleus, with
a few remaining genes found on minicircles. To understand better the evolution of the dinoflagellate plastid, four categories
of plastid-associated genes in dinoflagellates were defined based on their history of transfer and evaluated for rate of sequence
evolution, including minicircle genes (presumably plastid-encoded), genes probably transferred from the plastid to the nucleus
(plastid-transferred), and genes that were likely acquired directly from the nucleus of the previous plastid host (nuclear-transferred).
The fourth category, lateral-transferred genes, are plastid-associated genes that do not appear to have a cyanobacterial origin.
The evolutionary rates of these gene categories were compared using relative rate tests and likelihood ratio tests. For comparison
with other secondary plastid-containing organisms, rates were calculated for the homologous sequences from the haptophyte
Emiliania huxleyi. The evolutionary rate of minicircle and plastid-transferred genes in the dinoflagellate was strikingly higher than that
of nuclear-transferred and lateral-transferred genes and, also, substantially higher than that of all plastid-associated genes
in the haptophyte. Plastid-transferred genes in the dinoflagellate had an accelerated rate of evolution that was variable
but, in most cases, not as extreme as the minicircle genes. Furthermore, the nuclear-transferred and lateral-transferred genes
showed rates of evolution that are similar to those of other taxa. Thus, nucleus-to-nucleus transferred genes have a more
typical rate of sequence evolution, while those whose history was wholly or partially within the dinoflagellate plastid genome
have a markedly accelerated rate of evolution.
Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic Supplementary material is available for this article at
and accessible for authorised users.
[Reviewing Editor: Dr. Debashish Battacharya] 相似文献
19.
Kyoung-Ho Kim Ho-Won Chang Young-Do Nam Seong Woon Roh Jin-Woo Bae 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2010,48(2):213-222
A novel bacteriophage that infects Shigella sonnei was isolated from the Gap River in Korea, and its phenotypic and genomic characteristics were investigated. The virus, called
SP18, showed morphology characteristic of the family Myoviridae, and phylogenetic analysis of major capsid gene (gp23) sequences classified it as a T4-like phage. Based on host spectrum
analysis, it is lytic to S. sonnei, but not to Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii or members of the genera Escherichia and Salmonella. Pyrosequencing of the SP18 bacteriophage genome revealed a 170-kb length sequence. In total, 286 ORFs and 3 tRNA genes were
identified, and 259 ORFs showed similarity (BLASTP e-value<0.001) to genes of other bacteriophages. The results from comparative
genomic analysis indicated that the enterophage JS98, isolated from human stool, is the closest relative of SP18. Based on
phylogenetic analysis of gp23 protein-coding sequences, dot plot comparison and BLASTP analysis of genomes, SP18 and JS98
appear to be closely related to T4-even phages. However, several insertions, deletions, and duplications indicate differences
between SP18 and JS98. Comparison of duplicated gp24 genes and the soc gene showed that duplication events are responsible for the differentiation and evolution of T4-like bacteriophages. 相似文献
20.
A genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning strategy was applied to isolate ω-gliadin sequences from three A-genome
diploid wheats (Triticum monococcum, T. boeoticum and T. urartu). Amplicon lengths varied from 744 and 1,044 bp, and those of the corresponding deduced mature proteins from 248 to 348 residues.
The primary structure of the deduced polypeptides comprised a short N- and C-terminal conserved domain, and a long, variable
repetitive domain. A phylogenetic analysis recognised several clades: the first consisted of three T. aestivum sequences; the second and the third two T. boeoticum and six T. monococcum sequences; and the rest four T. urartu and three T. aestivum sequences. Among the functional (non-pseudogene) ARQ/E-type ω-gliadin sequences, two were derived from T. boeoticum and three from T. monococcum; one of the latter sequences appeared to be a chimera originating via illegitimate recombination between the other two T. monococcum sequences. None of the 12 intact ω-gliadin sequences contained any cysteine or methionine residues. We discussed the variation
and evolution of A-genome ω-gliadin genes. 相似文献