尿螨病的病原学研究

探讨引起尿螨病的病原螨种类,以离心沉淀法浓缩尿液或用铜丝筛（100目／寸）过滤,分离尿液中的螨,直接镜检鉴定螨种,从69例尿螨阳性者的尿液中共分离出17种病原螨,即：粗脚粉螨Acarus siro,腐食酪螨Tyrophagus putrescentiae,长食酪螨T.longior,椭圆食粉螨Aleuroglyphus ovatus,伯氏嗜木螨Caloglyphus berlesei,食菌嗜木螨C.mycophagus,纳氏皱皮螨Suidasianesbitti,河野脂螨Lardoglyphus konoi,家食甜螨Glycyphagus domesticus,甜果螨Carpoglyphuslactis,害嗜鳞螨Lepidoglyphus destructor,粉尘螨Dermatophagoides farinae,屋尘螨D.pteronyssinus,梅氏嗜霉螨Euroglyphus maynei,赫氏蒲螨Pyemotes hughesi,谷跗线螨Tarsonemus granarus,人跗线螨T.hominis,在同一受检者尿液中检出成螨者19例,检出幼螨者18例,同时发现成螨和幼螨者11例,成螨和卵同时检出者3例,成螨,幼螨和卵同时检出者11例,幼螨和卵同时检出者6例,休眠休和卵同时检出者1例;分别占尿螨阳性总数的27．54％,26．09％,15.94%,4.35%,15.94%,8.70%,1.44%.69例悄螨病患者每200mL尿液中检出螨数0．5个以下者32人,0．6－1个者25人,1．1＝－1．5个者10人,1．5个以上者2人,引起尿螨病的病原螨种类较多,其中粉螨是主要的病原螨。     

伯氏嗜木螨各发育阶段的外部形态扫描电镜观察

【目的】 观察伯氏嗜木螨Caloglyphus berlesei生活史各发育阶段外部形态和超微形态特征。【方法】 采集中华地鳖Eupolyphaga sinensis培养床上的培养料, 分离伯氏嗜木螨。将分离获得的伯氏嗜木螨双蒸水洗涤后, 一部分用于制备常规玻片标本, 光镜下直接观察; 另一部分用2.5%戊二醛溶液固定, 70%酒精再次洗涤, 临界点干燥, 置于扫描电镜下观察不同发育阶段（包括卵、 幼螨、 若螨及成螨）的超微形态特征。【结果】 电镜下伯氏嗜木螨各发育阶段的足、 刚毛和外生殖器及其附属结构的形态均清晰可辨。幼螨足3对, 足上无叶状刚毛, 基节干发达; 若螨足4对, 出现第4背毛, 生殖区发育不全; 休眠体足爪和前跗节发达, 出现叶状毛、 胫节毛及膝节毛等结构, 生殖板骨化明显, 其两侧有吸盘和刚毛各1对。吸盘板上共有4对成对的吸盘、 1个单吸盘和2对类圆形微凸。成螨生殖感觉器骨化且呈心形, 雄雌成螨生殖感觉器的刚毛数量上有明显差异。【结论】 对伯氏嗜木螨形态和超微形态特征的观察有助于对其进一步科学分类和进行生活史研究, 并可为控制伯氏嗜木螨及其引起的过敏性疾病提供参考。     

几种杀螨剂对食菌嗜木螨的毒力测定和菇房药效试验

毒力测定结果表明．五种杀螨荆对食菌嗜木螨的毒力顺序由高至低为：天力Ⅱ号、扑螨特、单甲胖、螨克、克螨特。药效试验显示,用天力Ⅱ号(0．12%灭虫丁可湿性粉剂)的250倍液和10%扑螨特乳油的1000倍液防治食菌嗜木螨可取得较好的防治效果。     

中国嗜木螨属已知种简述及其检索

列出中国嗜木螨属Ｃａｌｏｇｌｙｐｈｕｓ Ｂｅｒｅｓｅ,７个已知种在国内的分布及其食性和栖息地等,并附成螨检索表。     

中国瘿螨科三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨总科)

记述瘿螨科3新种：紫珠瘤瘿螨Aceria callicarpae,sp.nov.,寄主为大叶紫珠;甜茶叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes suavissimi,sp.nov.,寄主为甜茶;以及黄瑞木畸瘿螨Abacarus adinandrae sp.nov.,寄主为亮叶黄瑞木。     

马六甲肉食螨对害嗜鳞螨捕食效应研究

本首次报道马六甲肉食螨Cheytetns malaccensis对贮存物中重要害螨,害嗜鳞螨的捕食效应研究。马六甲肉食螨的雌螨、雄螨、前若螨、后若螨对害嗜鳞螨的成螨的功能反应均属Holling Ⅱ型。温度对马六甲肉食螨捕食影响较大．在12-29℃范围内随着温度上升其捕食量增加,其直线回归方程为Y=-1.0964 0．5084X(r=0．9765)。在猎物密度不变情况下,马六甲肉食捕食猎物的数量是随着自身密度的增加而下降,其方程为A=16．546^0.5425(r=0．9699)．用寻找效率a与处理时间Th之比a/Th来衡量天敌对害虫控制能力．其值越大则控制猎物能力就越强。因此本试验表明：马六甲肉食螨控翩害嘈鳞螨的能力是雌>雄螨>前着螨>后若螨。     

中国伪足瘿螨亚科三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,瘿螨科)

记述了伪足瘿螨亚科Nothopodinae 3新种:黄葛树同足瘿螨Colopodacus uirens sp.nov.,继木伪足瘿螨Nothopoda chinense sp.nov.,扁担藤分位瘿螨Disella planicaule sp.nov..本文所用量度单位均为μm.模式标本保存在广西大学农学院.     

中华真地鳖寄生螨的初步研究

在地鳖虫的饲养中发现 ,中华真地鳖EupolyphagasinensisWalker被螨类寄生较严重 ,可造成巨大的损失。经鉴定该寄生螨为伯氏嗜木螨Caloglyphusberlesei,并对其进行了形态描述。通过饲养观察 ,总结了该寄生螨的发育历期、寄生部位、寄主带螨率和单头带螨量 ,并调查了该寄生螨在饲养土中的分布规律。根据该寄生螨的生物学特性 ,该文提出了几种防除该螨的措施和方法。     

肺螨病病原学的研究

在流行病学的基础上,我们对肺螨病的病原学进行了研究,痰检共发现10种螨:包括粗脚粉螨、腐食酪螨、椭圆食粉螨、粉尘螨、屋尘螨、伯氏嗜木螨、食菌嗜木螨、梅氏嗜霉螨、谷跗线螨、和普通肉食螨。其中粉尘螨和跗线螨是主要致病原,其次为肉食螨。同时对肺螨病患者工作环境中滋生的螨类作了调查,共分离出28种螨,隶属10科,19属。把痰螨与环境中的螨相比较,二者有一致性,说明了患者的致病原来于工作环境。     

叶棘瘿螨亚科三新种记述

本文记述的三个新种,即瓜馥木纺瘿螨Ｖｉｔｔａｃｕｓ ｆｉｓｓｉｓｔｉｇａｅ ｓｐ,ｎｏｖ。隆安刺瘿螨Ａｃｕｌｕｓ ｌｏｇａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ,ｎｏｖ、大血藤刺瘿螨Ａｃｕｌｕｓ ｓａｒｇｅｎｔｏｄｏｘａｅ ｓｐ。ｎｏｖ,标本采自广西。     

Preparation of [1-13C]D-Glucose 6-Phosphate from [13C]Methanol and D-Ribose 5-Phosphate with Methylotrophic Enzymes

[¹³C]Formaldehyde was selectively incorporated into the C-1 position of D-fructose 6-phosphate by condensation with D-ribulose 5-phosphate catalyzed by a partially purified enzyme system for formaldehyde fixation in Methylomonas aminofaciens 77a. Much of the [1-¹³C]D-fructose 6-phosphate produced in this reaction was converted to [1-¹³C]D-glucose 6-phosphate by the addition of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. A fed-batch reaction with periodic additions of the substrates afforded 56.2 g/liter D-glucose 6-phosphate and 26.8g/liter D-fructose 6-phosphate. When [¹³C]methanol was used as the C₁-donor, the yield of [1-¹³C]D-glucose 6-phosphate was high when alcohol oxidase was added. The optimum conditions for sugar phosphate production in the fed-batch reaction gave 45.6g/liter [1-¹³C]D-glucose 6-phosphate and 16.4g/liter [1-¹³C]D-fructose 6-phosphate in 165min. The molar yield of the total sugar phosphates to methanol added was 95%. The addition of H₂O₂ and catalase to the reaction system supplied molecular oxygen for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde by alcohol oxidase.     

Identification of the New Hydrocarbon (Z,Z)-1,6,9-Heptadecatriene as the Secretory Component of Caloglyphus polyphyllae (Astigmata: Acaridae)

A new heptadecatriene was isolated from the acarid mite, Caloglyphus polyphyllae, as the major characteristic component which could be used to identify the species chemo-taxonomically. Its structure was elucidated as 1,6,9-heptadecatriene by partial hydrogenation and a subsequent GC/MS analysis of the dimethyldisulfide derivative, together with evidence of the terminal vinyl group and Z-configuration of double bonds that was provided by GC-FT/IR and NMR. The triene was identified as (Z,Z)-1,6,9-heptadecatriene by its synthesis and is revealed to be a new compound as a natural product.     

Aggregation Pheromone Activity of the Female Sex Pheromone, β-Acaridial,in Caloglyphus polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae)

Caloglyphus (=Sancasania) polyphyllae discharges from a pair of opisthonotal glands a characteristic set of volatiles, i.e. three monoterpenes and seven hydrocarbons. Among them, β-acaridial, which is known as the female sex pheromone of the species and has antifungal activity, was newly identified as the aggregation pheromone for unfeeding and unmating mites. Feeding mites, however, exhibited sexually aroused behavior instead of the tendency to cluster when exposed to β-acaridial. This is the first example of the compound demonstrating two pheromone functions depending upon the circumstances faced by the mites.     

Simple Synthesis of Mite Pheromone β-Acaridial and Its Analogs in the Secretion of Caloglyphus polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae)

A simple synthesis of β-acaridial [(E)-1], the active principle of the sex, alarm and aggregation pheromone among astigmatid mites, was achieved in 5 steps from 1,2,4-butanetriol 2 in a 19% overall yield. Its analog, β-acariolal 8, was also prepared in a 63% yield by oxidation of the intermediate, β-acaridiol [(E)-7], with pyridinium dichromate (PDC). This synthetic route also gave β-(Z)-acaridiol [(Z)-7] by using a Z-selective base in the Wittig reaction. (Z)-7 was oxidized to give a new monoterpene, β-(Z)-acaridial [(Z)-1], which was detected as a trace component in the secretion of Caloglyphus polyphyllae, together with 8.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.