太白红杉种群邻体范围与邻体竞争强度的研究

采用逐步扩大范围的方法探讨了不同径级基株所受的邻体竞争强度(平均竞争强度和总竞争强度)与影响范围的关系,结果发现：(1)邻体的平均竞争强度随影响范围的增加而降低,在一定的范围内下降较快,而超出该范围后下降的幅度变小,可以此为依据来确定邻体范围;(2)不同径级的基株,邻体范围有一定的差异;(3)邻体总的竞争强度和影响范围的关系服从对数函数关系(CI=AinC B)。结果表明采用逐步扩大范围的方法能有效地确定邻体范围,提出了确定邻体范围的新方法。     

太白红杉种群邻体范围与邻体竞争强度的研究

采用逐步扩大范围的方法探讨了不同径级基株所受的邻体竞争强度 平均竞争强度和总竞争强度 与影响范围的关系 ,结果发现 : 1 邻体的平均竞争强度随影响范围的增加而降低 ,在一定的范围内下降较快 ,而超出该范围后下降的幅度变小 ,可以此为依据来确定邻体范围 ; 2 不同径级的基株 ,邻体范围有一定的差异 ; 3 邻体总的竞争强度和影响范围的关系服从对数函数关系 CI=Aln C+B .结果表明采用逐步扩大范围的方法能有效地确定邻体范围 ,提出了确定邻体范围的新方法     

黄山松种群邻体范围与邻体竞争强度的研究

当环境中可利用的资源低于种群最佳生长需要时,种群内个体之间就会产生竞争。竞争常发生在邻近植物之间,植物地上部分和地下部分的竞争范围是不同的。目前,有很多度量竞争强度和确定竞争范围的方法,能否对这些方法进行改进,提出更具有说服力的方法,是本研究的出发点。黄山松是常见的针叶树种,分布范围广,生存能力强,是亚热带中部中山地区代表群系的建群种,也是较高海拔地区重要的造林树种,具有较强的代表性。对黄山松的邻体竞争研究发现:(1)改进的竞争指数有更强的说服力;(2)逐步扩大范围的方法能很好地确定植株间的竞争范围;(3)邻体竞争强度随影响范围的增加而增加,在一定的范围内增加的较快,而超出该范围后增加的幅度变小,可以此为依据来确定邻体范围;(4)不同径级的基株,邻体范围有一定的差异;(5)邻体竞争强度和影响范围的关系服从对数函数关系(CI=AlnC+B)。结果表明,改进的竞争指数能很好地度量竞争强度,采用逐步扩大范围的方法能有效地确定邻体范围。     

微波辐射一步法合成香料富马酸二苄酯的研究

目的:在微波辐射下,以顺丁烯二酸酐和苄醇为原料,在复合催化剂对甲苯磺酸-硫脲存在下以甲苯为带水剂一步合成了富马酸二苄酯.方法:通过熔点测定和红外光谱分析对产物进行了结构表征.采用正交试验法研究了反应物的摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、辐射反应时间等对产物收率的影响.结果:实验结果表明,在微波功率为700W,n(顺丁烯二酸酸酐):n(苄醇)=1:5,复合催化剂用量为总投料量的7%,甲苯20mL,一酯化、转化、二酯化的温度分别为140℃、145℃、135℃,回流分水90min的条件下,富马酸二苄酯的收率可达92.50%.结论:采用微波辐射法复合催化合成富马酸二苄酯具有操作简便、反应时间短、产物收率高等特点.     

不同邻作作物对玉米田节肢动物多样性的影响

为探明不同邻作对云南普洱地区玉米田节肢动物多样性的影响.采用目测法和粘虫板等多种诱集法对邻作咖啡、水稻、李树及单作的玉米田节肢动物群落进行系统调查,分析不同邻作作物对玉米田节肢动物群落的影响.结果表明:不同邻作玉米田天敌亚群落主要为双翅目和膜翅目,其中玉米单作田赤池信息量准则(AIC)值最低为-16.858,最优模型为...     

羧基化聚丙烯酸酯接枝邻甲酚环氧丙烯酸树脂的合成

采用JF-220环氧树脂和丙烯酸反应合成邻甲酚环氧丙烯酸树脂(JFA),再将其和羧基化聚丙烯酸酯进一步反应制备羧基化聚丙烯酸酯接枝邻甲酚环氧丙烯酸树脂(CAJFA)。研究了催化剂、阻聚剂和反应温度对合成反应的影响,确定了每步反应的最佳合成条件,并且对JF-220树脂、JFA树脂和CAJFA树脂的结构进行了IR表征。     

不同邻作玉米田节肢动物群落特征及稳定性

【目的】为明确不同邻作模式玉米田节肢动物群落特征及群落稳定性。【方法】采用诱集和目测法对邻作咖啡、水稻、李树及单作的玉米田节肢动物群落进行系统调查,分析不同邻作环境对玉米田节肢动物群落特征及稳定性的影响。【结果】共调查到节肢动物294种,隶属于4纲12目87科,与单作玉米田相比,邻作玉米田节肢动物群落的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均较高,优势集中性指数较低,不同邻作玉米田丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度度指数大小依次为:玉咖玉稻玉李单作。不同邻作模式玉米田中的稳定指数N_n/N_p、N_d/N_p、S_n/S_p和S_d/S_p的值的大小顺序为:玉咖玉稻玉李单作,稳定指数d_s/d_m值的顺序依次为:玉咖玉稻玉李单作,与咖啡邻作玉米田节肢动物群落稳定性在调查的邻作模式中最高,单作玉米田的稳定性最低。【结论】邻作能够增加玉米田节肢动物群落的多样性指数和稳定性,且玉米与咖啡邻作模式是最能够增加玉米田节肢动物群落稳定性和多样性指数的邻作模式。     

用终止剂改进超氧化物歧化酶邻苯三酚测活法

以二硫苏糖醇(DTT)或L-抗坏血酸(Vit C)为终止剂改进的经典邻苯三酚法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.反应体系:50mmol/L邻苯三酚,pH8.20,总体积9ml,25℃,加一滴DTT(100mmol/L)或Vit C(5%),约50μl,终止自氧化反应.终止后,反应体系的420nm光吸收在lh内保持恒定.终止剂法的邻苯三酚自氧化率及酶活测定灵敏度与经典法相近,一个酶活单位相当于纯SOD 100μg/L.     

植物邻体干扰的研究范畴、热点及意义

系统介绍了确定邻体和度量邻体竞争指数的常用方法,以及邻体干扰研究的热点问题和研究意义。植物邻体干扰研究热点主要包括：(1)邻体干扰对植物个体存活率的影响;(2)邻体干扰对生物多样性的影响;(3)构件水平上的邻体干扰效应;(4)基株对邻体干扰的适应;(5)邻体干扰对植物个体生长速率的影响。     

豆甾醇与琥珀酸酐单酯化反应工艺及动力学研究

研究了甲苯为溶剂,吡啶为催化剂,豆甾醇与琥珀酸酐的酯化反应工艺和反应动力学。探讨了反应温度、催化剂吡啶用量、反应物的摩尔配比和反应时间对酯化反应结果的影响。实验结果表明:豆甾醇与琥珀酸酐的反应产物为豆甾醇琥珀酸单酯;当吡啶的体积分数为1.5%,反应物的摩尔比为1.0∶1.6,回流下反应20 h后,豆甾醇的酯化率大于97%,反应后的溶液经蒸发回收溶剂甲苯,固体产物分别经乙醇和水洗涤除杂,所得固体在60℃下真空干燥至恒重,得到的豆甾醇琥珀酸单酯的单程收率大于86%。单酯化反应满足二级不可逆反应动力学规律,反应的活化能为85 kJ/mol。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.