Human red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase polymorphism in Serbia, Yugoslavia

The polymorphism of red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) was studied in 277 unrelated voluntary blood donors from the population of Serbia (Yugoslavia). The following phenotype frequencies were observed: GPT 1 0.309, GPT 2-1 0.454 and GPT 2 0.206, while gene frequencies were: GPT1 0.556 and GPT2 0.454.     

Esterase D polymorphism in Chinese and Japanese

Summary Esterase D phenotypes have been determined in Chinese and Japanese populations in the San Francisco area. The EsD¹ gene frequencies were 0.612 for the Chinese population and 0.582 for the Japanese population.This is communication 189 from the Forensic Science Group, University of California, Berkeley, USA     

Esterase D polymorphism in a French-Canadian population

Summary Red blood cell esterase D (ESD) polymorphism was studied in a French-Canadian population from Quebec city, Canada, by means of high voltage electrophoresis on agarose gel followed, in heterozygotes for ESD1, by IEF to reveal the possible allele ESD^*5. Frequencies of the ESD alleles in 904 unrelated individuals were ESD^*1: 0.888, EDS^*2: 0.095 and ESD^*5: 0.017. The segregation pattern observed in 275 families confirmed a Mendelian inheritance of three autosomal alleles.     

Esterase D polymorphism in some endogamous populations of Andhra Pradesh

Esterase D polymorphism was investigated in six endogamous Brahmin sub-sects and in the Mala and Madiga castes of Andrah Pradesh. The ESD 2 gene frequency ranged between 0.184 and 0.405. The frequencies obtained did not show variation in the range of ESD 2 gene frequency from the other populations of India.     

The red blood cell Esterase D polymorphism in Europe and Asia

Summary Several regional series from Britain and 3 Asian series were typed for the Esterase D polymorphism. It was found that haemolysates up to 5 years old could be reliably typed when prepared from washed anticoagulated red blood cells. Lysates prepared from blood clots do not retain Esterase D activity quite as well. The Manx population has higher Esterase D 2 gene frequencies than neighbouring populations. A Nepalese population exhibits the highest Esterase D 2 gene frequency so far recorded. The other series presented supplement or confirm results already published.     

Polymorphism of red cell glyoxalase I in Serbia, Yugoslavia

Red cell glyoxalase I (GLO) phenotypes were determined in 258 unrelated adults from the population of Serbia (Yugoslavia). The GLO1 gene frequency was estimated to be 0.384.     

Chromosomal polymorphism in the house mouse (Mus domesticus) of Greece and Yugoslavia

A total of 88 wild mice from the Dalmatian coast of Yugoslavia (35 animals), and Peloponnesus (30 animals) and Thebes (23 animals) on mainland Greece were karyotyped. In all but five animals Robertsonian translocations were found. Mice from the Dalmatian region were homozygous for translocations Rb(5.15), Rb(6.12), Rb(8.17), Rb(9.13), and Rb(10.14); they were homo-or heterozygous for the translocation Rb(1.11). Some of them lacked the Rb(1.11) translocation altogether so that the diploid numbers in the Yugoslavian mice were 2n=28, 29, 30, or 40. The mice from the vicinity of Olympia in northwestern Peloponnesus were homozygous for eight Robertsonian translocations: Rb(1.3), Rb(2.5), Rb(4.6), Rb(8.12), Rb(9.16), Rb(10.14), Rb(11.17), and Rb(13.15). Their diploid chromosome number was therefore 2n=24. Mice from the vicinity of Patras in northwest Peloponnesus carried all except the first three of these eight translocations; their chromosome number was 2n=30. Finally, the mice from Thebes were homozygous for translocations Rb(2.15), Rb(4.14), Rb(5.12), and Rb(10.13). They were homo- or heterozygous for Rb(6.9), Rb(8.17), and Rb(1.11); some mice lacked the Tb(1.11) translocation altogether. The translocations Rb(6.9)40Tu and Rb(10.13)42Tu represent new arm combinations not found previously in any wild mouse population. the remaining translocations have previously been found in different Mediterranean countries, in Scotland and in southern Germany. The findings suggest that each translocation arose only once and that different translocations have come together in different populations to generate a unique karyotype characterizing this population.     

Different associations of apoE gene polymorphism with metabolic syndrome in the Vojvodina Province (Serbia)

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a polygenic multifactorial metabolic disorder with strong socioeconomic influence. MetS has became a worldwide epidemic, that directly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The human apoE gene, coding Apolipoprotein E, has three common polymorphisms in human population: e2, e3 and e4, which are proved to be associated with impaired lipid metabolism. The contribution of apoE polymorphism to MetS disorders has not been investigated previously in Vojvodina Province, region with the highest number of obese people in Serbia. The aim of this study was to evaluate apoE gene polymorphism in relation to MetS disorders. The healthy control group of 30 individuals and 63 MetS patients were examined for apoE variants in relation to biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The genotypes were determined by PCR–RFLP. Regarding all parameters, significantly higher values were detected in MetS group compared to control. The MetS group of patients had significantly higher frequency of e4 allele. In addition, positive relation was revealed between e4 allele presence and all measured parameters. It was found that the e4 allele was related with a significantly increased OR of MetS disorders according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. These results suggested that e4 allele may act as a one of determinants for development of metabolic syndrome.     

Polymorphism of human red cell galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase in Serbia, Yugoslavia

Phenotypes of human red cell galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) were determined in 283 unrelated adults from Serbia (Yugoslavia). The gene frequencies were 0.959 for GALT N, 0.018 for GALT D and 0.023 for GALT N.     

Esterase polymorphism in heart tissues of starlings in Belgium

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to detect esterases in the heart tissues of 615 European starlings (Sturnus v. vulgaris L.). Four esterase zones were observed. Three of them migrated to the anode and the other to the cathode. Three polymorphic zones (two anodic and one cathodic) were observed. At each polymorphic zone, three phenotypes were identified. These polymorphic systems are hereditary and controlled by two codominant alleles.     

Changes in chromosomal polymorphism and global warming: The case of Drosophila subobscura from Apatin (Serbia)

In this study, chromosomal inversion polymorphism data for a natural population of Drosophila subobscura from a swampy region near the town of Apatin (Serbia) were compared with data for the same population collected approximately 15 years earlier. The pattern of chromosomal inversion polymorphism changed over time. There were significant increases in the frequency of characteristic southern latitude ("warm" adapted) chromosomal arrangements and significant decreases in the frequency of characteristic northern latitude ("cold" adapted) chromosomal arrangements in the O and U chromosomes. The chromosomal arrangements O(3+4) and O(3+4) (+) (22) (derived from the O(3+4) arrangement) showed significant increases in 2008 and 2009 with regard to the 1994 sample. There was also a significant increase (～50%) in the U(1) (+) (2) arrangement, while U(1+8) (+) (2) (a typical southern arrangement) was detected for the first time. Since the Apatin swampy population of D. subobscura has existed for a long time in a stable habitat with high humidity that has not been changed by man our results indicate that natural selection has produced chromosomal changes in response to the increase in temperature that has occurred in the Balkan Peninsula of central southeastern European.     

几种杀虫药剂敏感蚊类酯酶多态性的研究

通过蚊虫酯酶蛋白的淀粉凝胶电泳分析和基因组DNA的限制性酶切片段长度多态性(RFLPs)比较, 对尖音库蚊Culex pipiens、三带喙库蚊Culex tritaeniorhynchus和中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis有机磷杀虫药剂敏感种群的酯酶蛋白和结构基因的多态性进行分析。发现在蛋白质水平上,三带喙库蚊敏感种群(n=54)在酯酶α和β位点分别存在2个和3个等位基因,在DNA水平上有2.9%的个体具有与酯酶β1¹基因1.3 kb Cdna片段同源的1.3 kb单拷贝带存在。发现中华按蚊敏感种群 (n= 50)中具有低活性的非特异性酯酶存在,在蛋白质水平上,酯酶α和β位点各有一个等位基因;在DNA水平上,通过对单个蚊虫基因组DNA的研究未发现有与酯酶β1¹基因同源的酯酶编码基因的存在。对尖音库蚊北京敏感种群(n= 64)的研究发现,在酯酶α和β位点都存在5个等位基因,在DNA水平上,使用一个限制性内切酶(EcoRI),15只蚊虫的样本在酯酶β位点发现了5个等位基因,说明在尖音库蚊北京敏感种群的酯酶β基因周围存在着较大的中性多态性,在有机磷杀虫剂的选择下,这些中性多态性可能会成为基因扩增的潜在因素。     

Evidence for a Null allele at the Esterase D (EC 3.1.1.1) locus

Summary Electrophoretic and quantitative assays of esterase D in a Caucasian family demonstrate the inheritance of a null allele, which was observed in the heterozygous state in six individuals.     

B chromosome polymorphism in populations of Apodemus flavicollis in Yugoslavia

Four populations of yellow necked mice Apodemus flavicollis were karyologically studied for the presence of B chromosomes. One or two B chromosomes were found in all populations except one, in frequencies which differ significantly. The Bs cannot be accurately distinguished from chromosomes of normal complement even after application of differential staining.     

Human red cell adenylate kinase polymorphism in Srbija, Yugoslavia

Red cell adenylate kinase (AK) phenotypes were determined in 283 unrelated adults in Srbija (Yugoslavia). The gene frequencies observed were: AK1 0.961 and AK2 0.039. The adenylate kinase activity was estimated in all haemolysates; no significant differences were found between individuals of different phenotypes.     

Esterase and acid phosphatase polymorphism in the fig tree (Ficus carica L.)

The genetics of two enzymatic loci, esterase (Est-D) and acid phosphatase (AcP-A), were studied by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the fig tree (Ficus carica L.). Two codominant alleles are described at the Est-D locus and four codominant alleles at the AcP-A locus. Heterozygotes at the AcP-A locus have a hybrid band, thus showing that the AcP-A allozymes, are at least dimer molecules. Both loci are independent of the male sterility factor in F. carica. The polymorphism in four natural populations was investigated for both loci. A significant deficiency of heterozygotes was observed.     

Esterase D in South American Indians.

Significant variation in the frequency of Esterase D isoenzymes was found in 1,070 individuals belonging to eight South American Indian tribes. The Es D1 allele shows frequencies varying from .36 to 1. A region of low prevalence of this allele seems to exist in northern Brazil, involving the Parakanan, Gorotire, and Krahó. The intratribal variation observed in eight Yanomama villages located in Brazil was not exceptional.