羊栖菜多糖通过激活Caspase途径诱导Lovo细胞凋亡

研究了羊栖菜多糖（Sargassum Fusiforme Polysaccharides,SFPS）诱导人大肠癌lovo细胞凋亡及凋亡过程中caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9的活性变化。MTT法检测SFPS对lovo细胞增殖的抑制率;通过电镜、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、流式细胞术鉴定细胞凋亡;应用Western印迹法测定caspase-3酶原和caspase-9的变化;RToPCR检测caspase-3 mRNA表达;caspase-3,caspase-8、caspase-9活性检测试剂盒观察caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9的活性改变。结果显示,SFPS对lovo细胞增殖有显著抑制作用,经形态变化、DNA条带和流式细胞分析,可见明显的细胞凋亡特征。SFPS处理lovo细胞后,发现caspase-3酶原蛋白表达降低,caspase-3 mRNA高表达,并具有剂量和时间的依赖性。而在检测蛋白中,也发现caspase-9被激活进而形成具有活性的片段。另外,caspase的活性检测也进一步发现caspase-3、caspase-9的活性逐步增高。实验结果提示SFPS在体外诱导lovo胞凋亡,这可能是SFPS抑制肿瘤增殖的机制之一,并且是通过激活启动caspase-9,进而激活下游效应caspase-3的级联反应来实现的。     

毛蕊异黄酮抑制SIRT1促乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡

目的:探讨毛蕊异黄酮促乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡的机制。方法:MTT检测低、中、高(10μM,50μM,100μM)剂量的毛蕊异黄酮对细胞活力的影响;Tunel检测毛蕊异黄酮对细胞凋亡的影响;Western blot检测SIRT1,p53和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白表达;Real-time PCR检测caspase-3 mRNA的表达。结果:毛蕊异黄酮能够剂量依赖性地降低细胞活力,100μM剂量组的毛蕊异黄酮显著地促进肿瘤细胞凋亡并降低SIRT1,增加p53和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白表达。SIRT1抑制剂烟酰胺(Nicotinamide,NAM,300μM)组与毛蕊异黄酮处理组相比显著地抑制SIRT1的蛋白表达,p53和cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达水平进一步增加;SRT1720(SIRT1特异性激动剂)与毛蕊异黄酮共孵育组逆转SIRT1蛋白表达,降低p53和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白水平。结论:毛蕊异黄酮促进肿瘤细胞MCF-7的凋亡,部分可能是通过降低SIRT1的表达水平,从而增加p53和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白表达促进细胞凋亡。     

C-藻蓝蛋白对乳腺癌细胞的抗癌作用研究

C-藻蓝蛋白具有抗癌、抗氧化、抗炎活性等多种功能,然而其对乳腺癌细胞的抗癌作用及机制尚不明确。本研究应用不同浓度(0~500μg/mL)的C-藻蓝蛋白处理人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-468。研究显示,C-藻蓝蛋白以剂量依赖性方式抑制MDA-MB-468细胞的增殖并降低细胞的菌落形成能力。C-藻蓝蛋白通过上调了Fas和cleaved-caspase 3的表达并下调Bcl-2的表达来诱导细胞凋亡。C-藻蓝蛋白处理以剂量依赖性方式显著降低COX-2的表达并抑制细胞迁移能力。C-藻环蛋白以剂量依赖性方式促进p38 MAPK和JNK的磷酸化,p38 MAPK和JNK抑制剂处理可显著抑制C-藻红蛋白诱导的细胞死亡。本研究表明C-藻蓝蛋白能够抑制三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡,抑制细胞迁移能力。C-藻蓝蛋白的抗癌机制可能与激活p38 MAPK和JNK信号传导有关。     

NF-kB拮抗剂PDTC对HepG2细胞的抑制及对caspase-3表达的影响

目的：研究NF-kB拮抗剂PDTC诱导人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡及其对凋亡相关基因caspase-3表达的影响,初步探讨其诱导凋亡的可能机制。方法：以不同浓度的PDTC处理人肝癌HepG2细胞,利用MTT法检测对人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的影响;利用RT-PCR和Western-blot检测caspase-3mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果：不同浓度PDTC作用人肝癌HepG2细胞不同时间后,能够显著抑制HepG2细胞的生长增殖,存在剂量和时间依赖性（P〈0.05）;PDTC能够上调HepG2细胞中caspase-3mRNA和蛋白的表达。结论：NF-kB拮抗剂PDTC对人肝癌HepG2细胞产生显著抑制,并能上调HepG2细胞中caspase-3mRNA和蛋白的表达。     

NF-kB 拮抗剂PDTC 对HepG2 细胞的抑制及对caspase-3 表达的影响

目的:研究NF-kB拮抗剂PDTC诱导人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡及其对凋亡相关基因caspase-3表达的影响,初步探讨其诱导凋亡的可能机制。方法:以不同浓度的PDTC处理人肝癌HepG2细胞,利用MTT法检测对人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的影响;利用RT-PCR和Western-blot检测caspase-3mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:不同浓度PDTC作用人肝癌HepG2细胞不同时间后,能够显著抑制HepG2细胞的生长增殖,存在剂量和时间依赖性(P<0.05);PDTC能够上调HepG2细胞中caspase-3mRNA和蛋白的表达。结论:NF-kB拮抗剂PDTC对人肝癌HepG2细胞产生显著抑制,并能上调HepG2细胞中caspase-3mRNA和蛋白的表达。     

热休克蛋白90抑制NIH3T3成纤维细胞凋亡

目的实验应用Hsp90过表达系统观察Hsp90抑制TNFα诱导的细胞凋亡,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法采用电穿孔技术建立稳定过表达Hsp90的细胞克隆,应用激光共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪观察TNFα和放线菌酮诱导的细胞凋亡,应用比色分析和Western blotting方法检测caspase的变化。结果1)在稳定过表达Hsp90的NIH3T3细胞中,Hsp90能够抑制TNFα诱导的细胞凋亡。2)在凋亡信号转导通路中,Hsp90作用于caspase-8下游、caspase-3上游。结论1)Hsp90能够在细胞凋亡信号转导通路中发挥负性调节因子的作用。2)Hsp90抑制剂作为抗肿瘤药物的机制之一,可能是通过促进caspase-3活化而促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

Procaspase-8失调与肿瘤细胞对TRAIL的耐受

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)可激活胱天蛋白酶（caspase）家族蛋白系列级联反应,最终诱导细胞凋亡. TRAIL选择性地诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡而不损伤正常细胞,使其成为治疗癌症的潜在药物靶点. 目前已知,细胞型FADD样白介素-1-β转换酶抑制蛋白(c FLIP)和凋亡抑制蛋白(IAPs)是肿瘤细胞对TRAIL耐受的主要原因.胱天蛋白酶原-8（procaspase-8）是TRAIL凋亡信号途径中的凋亡起始蛋白. 然而近年发现,在某些肿瘤细胞中procaspase-8功能失调常会阻碍凋亡信号传导,使肿瘤细胞对TRAIL诱导的凋亡产生耐受. 本文就其机制进行概述.     

重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂对人肝癌细胞的凋亡及半胱氨酸天冬酶活性的影响

先前的研究表明,基因重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂 (rBTI) 具有诱导不同肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用.为了揭示其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的可能机理,从基因水平上探讨与凋亡有关的分子事件,本研究用不同浓度的 rBTI 体外作用于人肝癌细胞 HepG2 后,采用 MTT 比色法检测抑制剂对epG2 细胞的抑制率,用 DNA 凝胶电泳和细胞核的形态学观察检测 HepG2 细胞的凋亡.结果表明,rBTI 在体外能够明显抑制 HepG2 细胞的增长,并诱导细胞凋亡.另外,细胞凋亡与Bcl-2/Bax mRNA 水平有关.通过 RT-PCR 检测发现,细胞经过rBTI处理后,抗凋亡基因Bcl-2 mRNA 水平下调,促凋亡基因 Bax mRNA 有所上调,而对照 GAPDH 无变化.对 HepG2细胞中 Fas/Fas 配体及半胱氨酸天冬酶（caspase）的研究证明,细胞经过 rBTI 处理后,对死亡受体 Fas mRNA没有影响; rBTI 可明显激活caspase-3 和 caspase-9 酶活性, 对caspase-8 活性几乎无影响.上述结果表明,rBTI 对HepG2 细胞具有明显的诱导凋亡作用,其诱导细胞凋亡的机制与 caspase-3 依赖性凋亡调节信号通路有关,未涉及 Fas/Fas 配体途径.     

Caspase-3反义寡核苷酸对γ-射线诱导的HL-60细胞中caspase-3表达与细胞凋亡的抑制作用

γ-射线可诱导人髓性白血病细胞株HL-60细胞凋亡,但其机制尚未完全明了。为了观察caspase-3在这种细胞凋亡模型中的作用,本研究设计合成针对caspase-3mRNA5′-非编码区和编码起始区的反义寡核苷酸(ASODNs),即ASODN-1和ASODN-2,以脂质体介导法将不同浓度ASODN-1和ASODN-2转染进入HL-60细胞,γ-射线照射。应用TUNEL法观察凋亡细胞形态学变化及检测凋亡细胞百分率,免疫细胞化学、Westernblotting和RT-PCR技术分别检测caspase-3及其mRNA在引入ASODNs前后的表达水平,并以错配寡核苷酸(MODN)转染及未转染细胞作为对照组。TUNEL法检测发现,当ASODN-1和ASODN-2转染终浓度≥3μmol/L时,γ-射线诱导的HL-60细胞凋亡率降低,与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。免疫细胞化学结果显示,与两对照组相比,转染ASODNs后各组caspase-3阳性细胞率显著下降,阳性细胞染色减弱,其平均灰度值显著增高(P<0.01)。Westernblotting检测显示,转染ASODNs组细胞caspase-3蛋白酶原表达降低,其中ASODN-1组显著低于ASODN-2组。RT-PCR结果显示两对照组细胞caspase-3mRNA均有明显表达,转染ASODNs后caspase-3mRNA表达丰度降低。另外,ASODN-1抑制细胞凋亡和caspase-3表达的作用显著强于ASODN-2(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01)。实验结果表明,caspase-3mRNAASODNs能够抑制γ-射线照射诱导的HL-60细胞凋亡,下调caspase-3蛋白和caspase-3mRNA的表达水平,其抑制作用在一定范围内呈剂量依赖性。     

共轭亚油酸诱导人结肠癌细胞Caco-2凋亡的作用

共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acid,CLA）有着多种异构体以及多种生理活性,如抗癌、减肥、抗动脉粥样硬化等。本研究主要对c9,t11-CLA和t9,t11-CLA两种异构体的混合物诱导人结肠癌细胞Caco-2凋亡的作用及可能机制进行了探讨。采用MTT方法、透射电镜观察、流式细胞术检测和RT—PCR方法,研究了CLA混合物抑制Caco-2细胞增殖,诱导Caco-2细胞凋亡的作用及可能机制。实验结果证明,c9,t11-CLA和t9,t11-CLA混合物能抑制Caco-2细胞的增殖,并可诱导Caco-2的凋亡。随着所用的CLA混合物浓度的增加以及作用时间的延长,细胞凋亡率增加。通过RT—PCR分析,Caco-2细胞中的caspase 3的mRNA的表达随着CLA混合物浓度的增加而上调。这两种CLA的混合物可抑制Caco-2细胞的增殖,诱导Caco-2的凋亡,而caspase 3的表达上调可能与细胞凋亡密切相关。     

Selective inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-IX by sulphonamide derivatives induces pH and reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in cervical cancer HeLa cells

Selective inhibition with sulphonamides of carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human cancer cells. The effect on CA IX expression of seven previously synthesised sulphonamide inhibitors, with high affinity for CA IX, as well as their effect on the proliferation/apoptosis of cancer/normal cell lines was investigated. Two normal and three human cancer cell lines were used. Treatment resulted in dose- and time-dependent inhibition of the growth of various cancer cell lines. One compound showed remarkably high toxicity towards CA IX-positive HeLa cells. The mechanisms of apoptosis induction were determined with Annexin-V and AO/EB staining, cleaved caspases (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9) and cleaved PARP activation, reactive oxygen species production (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular pH (pHi), extracellular pH (pHe), lactate level and cell cycle analysis. The autophagy induction mechanisms were also investigated. The modulation of apoptotic and autophagic genes (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-12, Beclin and LC3) was measured using real time PCR. The positive staining using γ-H2AX and AO/EB dye, showed increased cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, increased ROS production, MMP and enhanced mRNA expression of apoptotic genes, suggesting that anticancer effects are also exerted through its apoptosis-inducing properties. Our results show that such sulphonamides might have the potential as new leads for detailed investigations against CA IX-positive cervical cancers.     

Dual anticancer activity of 8-Cl-cAMP: inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptotic cell death

8-Cl-cAMP induces apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells. To look at this more closely, we examined the changes in the levels of Bcl-2 family proteins during 8-Cl-cAMP-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Following the treatment with 8-Cl-cAMP, Bcl-2 was transiently down-regulated and Bad was increased continuously up to day 5. In addition, overexpression of Bcl-2 efficiently blocked the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced apoptosis, suggesting Bcl-2 family proteins may be involved in the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced apoptosis. The contribution of the apoptotic cell death and the inhibition of cell proliferation in the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced growth inhibition was closely monitored in the Bcl-2-overexpressing cells. Though the apoptosis was reduced significantly, no significant difference was observed in the inhibition of cell proliferation up to day 2 of 8-Cl-cAMP treatment. These results suggest that 8-Cl-cAMP exerts anticancer activity by two distinct mechanisms, i.e. , through the inhibition of cell proliferation as well as the induction of apoptosis. Supporting this notion was the observations that (1) suppression of apoptosis by zVAD did not abrogate 8-Cl-cAMP-induced inhibition of cell proliferation, and (2) 8-Cl-cAMP did not show additive inhibition of cell proliferation in RIIbeta-overexpressing cells.     

Apoptosis induction by gamma-tocotrienol in human hepatoma Hep3B cells

We evaluated the antitumor activity of tocotrienol (T3) on human hepatoma Hep3B cells. At first, we examined the effect of T3 on the proliferation of human hepatoma Hep3B cells and found that gamma-T3 inhibited cell proliferation at lower concentrations and shorter treatment times than alpha-T3. Then, we examined the effect of gamma-T3 apoptosis induction and found that gamma-T3 induced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and stimulated a rise in caspase-3 activity. In addition, gamma-T3 stimulated a rise in caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities. We also found that gamma-T3-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and a rise in the fragments of Bid and caspase-8. These data indicate that gamma-T3 induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells and that caspase-8 and caspase-9 were involved in apoptosis induction. Moreover, these results suggest that Bax and Bid regulated apoptosis induction by gamma-T3.     

Aspirin prevention of NMDA-induced neuronal death by direct protein kinase Czeta inhibition

Abstract Aspirin has been shown to protect against glutamate neurotoxicity via the nuclear factor kappaB pathway. Some studies have implicated the atypical protein kinase C (PKC) zeta (zeta) isoform in cell protection, but the mechanism involved remains unclear. We show here that aspirin exerts at least some of its effects through PKCzeta, decreasing the NMDA-induced activation, cleavage and nuclear translocation of this molecule. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) directly inhibited the protein kinase activity of PKCzeta, whereas salicylic acid did not. This direct effect of aspirin on purified human PKCzeta is consistent with PKCzeta inhibition preventing the NMDA-induced death of cortical neurones. Caspase-3 inhibition blocked the cleavage and nuclear translocation of PKCzeta, whereas caspase-1-inhibition did not. Thus, PKCzeta (protein kinase Mzeta) regulates nuclear events essential for the initiation of the apoptotic pathway. Aspirin protects cells against NMDA-induced apoptosis by means of a novel mechanism targeting PKCzeta, a key molecule in inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration.     

Receptor for advanced glycation end products inhibits proliferation in osteoblast through suppression of Wnt, PI3K and ERK signaling

We previously reported the potential of a novel small molecule 3-amino-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)thieno[2.3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (SKLB70326) as an anticancer agent. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects and possible mechanisms of SKLB70326 in vitro. We found that SKLB70326 treatment significantly inhibited human hepatic carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro, and the HepG2 cell line was the most sensitive to its treatment. The inhibition of cell proliferation correlated with G(0)/G(1) phase arrest, which was followed by apoptotic cell death. The SKLB70326-mediated cell-cycle arrest was associated with the downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, CDK4 and CDK6 but not cyclin D1 or cyclin E. The phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) was also observed. SKLB70326 treatment induced apoptotic cell death via the activation of PARP, caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax as well as the downregulation of Bcl-2. The expression levels of p53 and p21 were also induced by SKLB70326 treatment. Moreover, SKLB70326 treatment was well tolerated. In conclusion, SKLB70326, a novel cell-cycle inhibitor, notably inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation through the induction of G(0)/G(1) phase arrest and subsequent apoptosis. Its potential as a candidate anticancer agent warrants further investigation.     

Use of aspirin in the prevention of colorectal cancer through TIGIT‐CD155 pathway

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widespread malignant cancers, with a high incidence and mortality all over the world. Aspirin (ASA) otherwise known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that has shown promising results in the prevention of chronic diseases, including several cancers. In previous studies, aspirin has been shown to reduce the incidence of CRC. Immune checkpoint blockade of T cell Ig and ITIM domain receptor (TIGIT) alone or combined with other immune checkpoint blockades moleculars has gained impressive results in the treatment of the melanoma and glioblastoma. Here, we found that TIGIT and Poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155) are expressed in tumour cells; the TIGIT and CD155 protein expression in cancer tissue has been found to be significantly higher than that in the precancerous tissue. T cell Ig and ITIM domain receptor and CD226 were expressed in the lymphocytes near the tumour tissue and the adjacent tissues. Aspirin has been found to inhibit cancer cell viability and promote CRC cell apoptosis.Similarly, aspirin has also been found to increase pro‐apoptotic protein Bax's expression. We found that the expression of TIGIT decreased with an increase in the concentration of aspirin and that the suppression of TIGIT can affect the effect of aspirin on cell proliferation. In this paper, we found that aspirin attenuates cancer cell proliferation and induces CRC cells apoptosis by down‐regulating the expression of TIGIT, which provides new evidence for the application of aspirin in cancer treatment.     

Induction of apoptosis by eugenol in human breast cancer cells

In the present study, potential anticancer effect of eugenol on inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells was investigated. Induction of cell death by eugenol was evaluated following MTT assay and monitoring lactate dehydrogenase released into the culture medium for cell viability and cytotoxicity, giemsa staining for morphological alterations, fluorescence microscopy analysis of cells using ethidium bromide and acridine orange and quantitation of DNA fragments for induction of apoptosis. Effect of eugenol on intracellular redox status of the human breast cancer cells was assessed by determining the level of glutathione and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS). Eugenol treatment inhibited the growth and proliferation of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells through induction of cell death, which was dose and time dependent. Microscopic examination of eugenol treated cells showed cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and apoptotic body formation. Further, eugenol treatment also depleted the level of intracellular glutathione and increased the level of lipid peroxidation. The dose dependent increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells and DNA fragments suggested that apoptosis was involved in eugenol induced cell death and apoptosis might have played a role in the chemopreventive action of eugenol.     

Caudatin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in human glioma cells with involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation

Caudatin as one species of C-21 steroidal from Cynanchum bungei decne displays potential anticancer activity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, the growth suppressive effect and mechanism of caudatin on human glioma U251 and U87 cells were evaluated in vitro. The results indicated that caudatin significantly inhibited U251 and U87 cell growth in both a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that caudatin-induced cell growth inhibition was achieved by induction of cell apoptosis, as convinced by the increase of Sub-G1 peak, PARP cleavage and activation of caspase-3, caspase-7 and caspase-9. Caudatin treatment also resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction which correlated with an imbalance of Bcl-2 family members. Further investigation revealed that caudatin triggered U251 cell apoptosis by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through disturbing the redox homeostasis. Moreover, pretreatment of caspase inhibitors apparently weakens caudatin-induced cell killing, PARP cleavage and caspase activation and eventually reverses caudatin-mediated apoptosis. Importantly, caudatin significantly inhibited U251 tumour xenografts in vivo through induction of cell apoptosis involving the inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, which further validate its value in combating human glioma in vivo. Taken together, the results described above all suggest that caudatin inhibited human glioma cell growth by induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis with involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation.     

Investigation of the apoptotic way induced by digallic acid in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The digallic acid (DGA) purified from Pistacia lentiscus. L fruits was investigated for its antiproliferative and apoptotic activities on human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. METHODS: We attempt to characterize the apoptotic pathway activated by DGA. Apoptosis was detected by DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage and by evaluating caspase activities. RESULTS: The inhibition of lymphoblastoid cell proliferation was noted from 8.5 mug/ml of DGA. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation and PARP cleavage. We have demonstrated that DGA induces apoptosis by activating the caspase-8 extrinsic pathway. Caspase-3 was also activated in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION: In summary, DGA exhibited an apoptosis inductor effect in TK6 cells revealing thus its potential as a cancer-preventive agent.