隐肋甲螨属在我国的发现及一新种记述(蜱螨亚纲：甲螨亚目，滑珠甲螨科)

Aoki (1970) erected the genusCosteremus with C. ornata Aoki as the type species. Fujikawa and Fujita (1985)described the second species C.Yezoensis. The present paper deals with a new species of Costeremus from China.The genus is recorded for the first time from China, as well as from the outsidearea of Japan.     

A survey for body scales in dinoflagellates and a revision of Cachonina and Heterocapsa (Pyrrhophyta)

Small organic scales 0.2 to 0.4 µm in diameter have beenobserved to form a layer on the surface of three species ofmarine dinoflagellates. Two of the species were originally describedas members of the genus Cachonina; the third is Heterocapsapygmaea Loeblich et al., 1981. The body scales are very similarto those previously described covering cells of Heterocapsatriquetra (Ehrenberg) Stein, 1883. These scales are freely shedfrom the cells of the above four species and can be found inthe culture medium; no scales were observed in the culture mediumof 35 other dinoflagellate species representing 18 genera and11 families. The complete thecal plate pattern of H. triquetra,type species of Heterocapsa, has been determined, and on thebasis of similarities in body scale morphology and thecal platetabulation, the genus Cachonina is placed in the synonomy ofHeterocapsa. Cachonina illdefina and C. niei are transferredto Heterocapsa.     

Revision of the genus Stentor Oken (Protozoa, Ciliophora) and description of S.araucanus nov. spec, from South American lakes

Stentor is a heterolrich ciliate which often forms lawn-likecovers on the bottom and/or blooms in the pelagial of lakesworldwide. The species involved in these spectacular eventswere usually either not determined or misidentified becausethe keys are outdated and incomplete. Thus, we have revisedthe nominal species described since the first major revisionby Ehrenberg (1838). Main species characteristics are the presence/absenceof symbiotic algae, the shape of the macronucleus and the colourof the cortical pigment granules. The last character mentionedmust be studied in live cells because the pigment bleaches inchemically fixed specimens. Nineteen valid species are recognizedand dichotomously keyed according to these characteristics.Twenty-seven other species and varieties, described after Ehrenberg'srevision, are synonyms or species indeterminata A new species.S.araucanus, is described from South American lakes. It is asmall, broadly trumpet-shaped Stentor with symbiotic algae,vermiform macronucleus and blue-green cortical granules. Stentoraraucanus is probably euplanktic and restricted to the southernhemisphere. Stentor auriculalus Kahl. 1932 sensu Wang (1934)is recognized as a new species, Condylostoma wangi, and transferredto the genus Condylostoma. New nomenclatural corrections: Stentorbaicalius nom. nov. (pro S.pygmaeus, preoccupied). S loricatiisnom. corr. (for S.loricata), S.ruber nom. corr. (for S.ruhra).     

CONASSIMINEA, A NEW GENUS OF THE ASSIMINEIDAE (CAENOGASTROPODA: RISSOOIDEA) FROM SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA

A new genus of Assimineidae, Conassiminea, is described fromestuarine habitats in southeastern Australia (New South Wales,Tasmania and Victoria). Two new species, C. studderti and C.zheni, are included in the genus, the former being the typespecies. Conassiminea is distinct from all other assimineidgenera in two autapomorphies in the female reproductive system:the seminal receptacle has two ducts and the bursal duct isextremely wide. The phylogenetic relationships of the new genuswere examined using a morphological dataset. (Received 26 February 2005; accepted 22 April 2005)     

Intergeneric and Interspecific Relationships in Araceae tribe Caladieae and Development of Molecular Markers using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)

Since amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysishas proved useful in distinguishing cultivars of Caladium, itwas used to assess the status of species of Caladium vs. Xanthosoma,both in tribe the Caladieae, and to reassess the position ofHapaline in the same tribe. AFLP analysis using three primercombinations was carried out on four species of Caladium(C.bicolor, C. humboldtii, C. lindenii and C. schomburgkii). Resultsshowed that AFLP can distinguish between the different speciesby their unique and different banding patterns. AFLP analysisconfirmed that C. humboldtii is a species distinct from C. bicolorand that C. lindenii is a true Caladium species and does notbelong to Xanthosoma. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that C.bicolor and C. schomburgkii are most similar and that C. humboldtiiis closer to the C. bicolor / C. schomburgkii cluster comparedwith C. lindenii. Genetic relationships between Caladium, Xanthosoma,Hapaline, Alocasia and Protarum were also examined by AFLP analysisusing eight primer combinations. Several useful molecular markerswere specific either to Caladium orXanthosoma , so that AFLPcan be used to distinguish species of these two genera. Geneticanalysis of the genera examined confirms that the Caladieaeand Colocasieae tribes are distinct and that Hapaline fallswithin the tribe Caladieae and that Protarum is most distantfrom all the genera examined. Copyright 2000 Annals of BotanyCompany Araceae, Caladium, Xanthosoma, Hapaline, Alocasia, Protarum, AFLP DNA fingerprinting, diversity, AFLP markers     

The Effect of Temperature on Growth and Development of Echinochloa Millets

Accumulation of dry weight and leaf plus stem area were measuredin Echinochloa utilis and E. frumentacea grown at temperatureregimes from 15/10°C to 33/28°C (day/night). Tilleringand height were recorded in addition to leaf number which wassubsequently used as a developmental index. In both species shoot dry weight increased with temperatureup to 33/28°C; the increase in relative growth rate (RGR)was negligible above 27/22°C. Below 27/22°C the RGRof E. frumentacea decreased sharply and at 15/10°C it madeno effective growth. At low temperatures the RGR of E. frumentaceawas lower than that of E. utilis due to slow leaf area expansion,and in particular smaller individual leaves. E. frumentaceatillered more than E. utilis. Plant development was retardedat low temperatures but was not as responsive to temperatureas dry weight and leaf area. The different responses to temperatureof the two species were described in equations suitable forinclusion in predictive growth models. Echinochloa spp., millet, growth, development, temperature, relative growth rate     

Ultrastructural observations on marine choanoflagellates (Choano-flagellida, Acanthoecidae) from the coast of Thailand: species of Apheloecion gen.nov

Three species of loricate choanoflagellates (Choanoflagdlida,Acanthoecidae), collected from the Andaman Sea near Phuket Island(SW Thailand), have been described and referred to Apheloeciongen.nov. (holotype: A. quadrispinum sp.nov.). All species possessa single-chambered lorica composed of one transverse costs overlaidby a limited number of longitudinal costae which converge posteriorly.Anteriorly the longitudinal costae protrude above the transversecosta as sharp pointed spines. In A. quadrispinum sp.nov. andA. pentacanthum sp.nov. the lorica is terminated by a shortposterior spine, whereas in A. articulatum sp.nov. the pedicelis much more prominent, consisting of several costal stripswhich are joined end-to-end. The species of Apheloecion appearto be most closely related to species of Calliacantha and Monocosta.None of the species described are so far known from localitiesoutside the Andaman Sea.     

Relative Embryo Growth Rates in the Annual Cicer L. Species

Early embryo growth rates were studied in the nine annual speciesof Cicer L., namely, C. arietinum L., C. bijugum Rech., C. chorassanicum(Bge.) M. Pop., C. cuneatum Rich., C. echinospermum Dav., C.judaicum Boiss, C. pinnatifidum J. and S., C. reticulatum Lad.and C. yamashitae Kit. The number of embryo cells increasedexponentially with time and was log linear in all the species.Species differed in their mean cell doubling time (MCDT). Cicerechinospermum and C. yamashitae had, respectively, the longestand the shortest MCDT which ranged from 9.67 to 16.15 h forthe nine species. Failure of successful interspecific hybridizationbetween C. arietinum and the wild annual species was only partlyexplained by differences in MCDT of the parental species. Relativegenetic closeness still plays the major role in determiningsuccess of interspecific hybridization in Cicer. Chickpea, Cicer, embryo, interspecific hybridization, suspensor     

Multiple Character Analysis of Canis lupus, latrans, and familiaris, With a Discussion of the Relationships of Canis niger

A multiple character analysis was undertaken of a broadly representativesample of three species:Canis lupus (wolf), C. latrans (coyote),and C. familiaris (dog). These species are clearly and significantlydistinguished by the technique of linear discrimination. Theanalysis provides a basis for the identification of skulls notobviously distinguishable by size or other diagnostic characters. Early populations of Canis n. niger and C. n. gregoryi (redwolf) are compared with the three species above and are foundto form a cluster with lupus and to be sharply distinct fromthe other two species. Additional comparisons show that whilelupus lycaon and niger both overlap with lupus, they are distinctfrom each other. This entire cluster is quite distinct fromlatrans, with niger being the farthest removed. A sample populationof C. n. gregoiyi, from the edge of the extending range of C.latrans, was examined and found to show too great a range ofvariation to be attributed to a single species.     

Ontogeny of Stomata on the Foliar and Floral Or{dot}gans of some Species of Crotalaria L.

The structure and development of stomata in eight species ofCrotalaria belonging to the family Papilionaceae are described.The study is mostly confined to the leaves but it has also beenmade on the floral organs of C. mysorensis, C. retusa, C. sericea,and C. triquetra. The stomata may be paracytic, anisocytic,anomocytic, diacytic, or with one subsidiary cell. The differenttypes occur individually or they are placed side by side evenon the same surface of an organ. In general the paracytic typeis by far the commonest, followed by anisocytic and anomocyticones. Diacytic stomata and those with one subsidiary cell arerelatively rare. Different types of stomata in various organsof the same plant develop mesogenously. The present investigationalso indicates that the inconstancy of stomata in the familyis due to (a) their diversity and (b) an increase in the numberof subsidiary cells either by their division or by the neighbouringperigenes becoming subsidiary cell-like.     

Morphology of Coenophthalmus tridentatus first zoea (Crustacea: Portunidae: Polybiinae) hatched in the laboratory

The swimming crab Coenophthalmus tridentatus A. Milne Edwards,1879 (Decapoda, Portunidae) is an endemic species of the SouthwesternAtlantic, from southern Brazil to northern Patagonia (Argentina).Larvae of C. tridentatus from one female collected on beds ofoysters and mussels at 50 m depth in the Argentine continentalshelf (38°21'S, 57°38'W) were hatched in the laboratory.Zoea I morphology is described for the first time and comparedwith known zoeae of other portunid species.     

OXYNOE AZUROPUNCTATA, N. SP., A NEW SACOGLOSSAN FROM THE FLORIDA KEYS (MOLLUSCA: OPISTHOBRANCHIA)

A new species of Oxynoe from the Florida Keys is described.It differs from the other Caribbean Oxynoe, O. antillarum Mörch,1863, in color, number and size of papillae, size increase ofradular teeth, diet, and type of development. The type of developmentis extended lecithotrophic. The larvae hatch about 4 weeks afterthe eggs have been deposited, and metamorphosis is completedafter about one additional week. Oxynoe azuropunctata n.sp.feeds on Caulerpa paspaloides, C. cupressoides and C. sertularioides.Details of the feeding process in Oxynoe are described for thefirst time. The junction of the oral tube and the pharynx isequipped with a complex muscular buccal apparatus, part of whichis everted during feeding. The protrusible parts of the buccalapparatus completely surround part of an algal filament, whichis then slit with the radula, and the cell sap is sucked out.The protrusible parts are retracted after the filament has beenreleased. ^*Present address: Ellebjergvej 22, 1 t.h., DK-2450 CopenhagenSV, Denmark (Received 13 November 1979;     

Description of a new species of Petalopthalmus (Mysidacea) with a revised definition of the genus

A new species of Petalopthalmus, P. australis is described.This species can be easily distinguished from its congenersby the broad antennal scale whose outer margin is straight andnaked. A key for the identification of Petalopthalmus spp. isalso included.     

Measures of food quality as demographic predictors in freshwater copepods

This study examines the ability of a number of short-term measuresof algal food quality to predict longer term demographic parametersfor two species of freshwater calanoid copepods, Diaptomus minuiusand Epischura lacustris. Food quality of two species of algaethat are usually considered highly edible (Cryptomonas erosavar. reflexa and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) are compared withrespect to: (i) the biochemical constituents of the algae (totalN, total C and protein); (ii) short-term foraging responsesby D.minutus to either algal species (e.g. clearance, ingestionand assimilation rates); (iii) longer term demographic responses(e.g. survivorship and reproduction) by both D.minutus and E.lacustrisfed a diet of either algal species. Demographic responses ofthe two copepod species indicate that C.erosa is a higher qualityfood. In fact, survival and reproduction of both copepod speciesfed C.reinhardtii were not different from starved treatments.Cryptomonas erosa treatments also had greater C, N and protein.However, D.minutus ingested five times more C.reinhardtii thanC.erosa, indicative of ‘compensatory feeding’ inthe presence of poor-quality food. Based upon these higher ingestionrates, individuals fed C.reinhardai actually ingested greateramounts of C, N and protein. Hence, ingestion rates taken aloneor coupled with biochemical parameters are not reliable predictorsof consumer demographic response. Assimilation rate, which waspositive for C.erosa and zero for C.reinhardtii, was the singlebest short-term predictor of food quality.     

COCCULINIFORM LIMPETS (COCCULINIDAE AND PYROPELTIDAE) LIVING ON WHALE BONE IN THE DEEP SEA OFF CALIFORNIA

Cocculiniform limpets of the families Cocculinidae and Pyropeltidaeare here reported for the first time on whale bone in the deepsea. The new species and records of previously described speciesare from four whale-falls at bathyal depths on the continentalmargin off California, from Monterey Bay to the Catalina Basin.The family Cocculinidae is represented by the new species Cocculinacraigsmithi. With few exceptions, the previously known speciesof Cocculinidae are known from wood substrates. The family Pyropeltidaeis represented by three species: Pyropelta musaica McLean &Haszprunar, 1987, originally described from the Juan de Fucahydrothermal vents, Pyropelta corymba McLean & Haszprunar,1987, originally described from the hydrothermal vent habitatat the Guaymas Basin, and one new species, P. wakefieldi. Thetwo previously known species of Pyropelta have heretofore beenregarded as obligate members of the sulfide habitat of hydrothermalvents. Pyropelta species are the first gastropods known fromboth habitats. Like the hydrothermal-vent habitat, the newlyreported habitat on whale bone is also a sulfide-rich, reducingenvironment. (Received 20 January 1991; accepted 28 April 1992)     

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE TAXONOMY AND BIOLOGY OF THE OCTOCORAL-FEEDING GENUS PHYLLODESMIUM EHRENBERG, 1831 (NUDIBRANCHIA: AEOLIDOIDEA)

The aeolid nudibranch genus Phyllodesmium (Mollusca: Gastropoda)is reviewed, three new species are described and further informationon the biology, anatomy and distribution on the eight previouslyknown species is reported. The genus Ennoia Bergh, 1896 is considereda synonym of Phyllodesmium and the type species Ennoia briareusredescribed. The genus Phyllodesmium is unique amongst the aeolidsin feeding on octocoral cnidarians. This has led to the evolutionof nudibranch- zooxanthellae symbioses, zooanthellae being obtainedfrom the octocoral prey. The adaptations developed throughoutthe genus are described and possible relationships between thespecies proposed. (Received 6 January 1990; accepted 20 May 1990)     

PHYLLODESMIUM GUAMENSIS (NUDIBRANCHIA: AEOLIDOIDEA), A NEW SPECIES FROM GUAM(MICRONESIA)

A new species of Phyllodesmium (Aeolidoidea) from Guam (Micronesia)is described. Phyllodesmium guamensis n.sp. is characterizedby having two rows of denticles in the radular teeth, this beingdifferent from the previously described species of the genus.The shape of the teeth, however, is identical in all the speciesof the genus, and unique among aeolids. Furthermore, P. guamensispossesses a double row of cerata in the precardiac cluster andup to 10 post-cardiac ceratal rows. Also, P. guamensis showsa very dense accumulation of zooxanthellae in the ceratal digestivegland, which is ramified inside the cerata. This species feedson at least three species of the soft coral Sinularia: S. polydactyla,S. maxima and a third, undescribed species. The aeolid matchesthe colour of its prey and is cryptic on the soft coral surface. (Received 3 October 1996; accepted 28 April 1997)