Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cacalia tangutica (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz

Essential oil of the subterranean part of Cacalia tangutica (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrum (MS) technique in two different capillary columns of different polarities. Thirty-one components were identified in the oil and the main compounds were α-zingiberene (13.49%), germacrene D (10.76%), α-pinene (8.54%), caryophyllene(Z-) (6.36%), linalool (6.16%), β-myrcene (4.89%), β-ocimene (Z-) (4.40%)and ocimenone(Z-) (3.58%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 2 fungi and 12 bacteria including 6 clinically isolated strains using the agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The results show that the oil presented a broad antimicrobial spectrum and had better antimicrobial activity against yeast and gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were 0.16–5.00 g/L and minimum bactericidal concentration values were 0.16–5.00 g/L. __________ Translated from Journal of Wuhan University (Science Edition), 2007, 53 (2): 198–203 [译自: 武汉大学学报(理学版)]     

大齿山芹根的精油成分

大齿山芹根的精油成分薛怡琛,鲜启鸣,张涵庆（江苏省植物研究所,中国科学院植物研究所,南京２１００１４）关键词伞形科;大齿山芹;精油ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｅｎｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｏｉｌｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｏｆＯｓｔｅｒｉｃｕｍｇ...     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil

Essential oil of Satureja hortensis L. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and tested by a broth micro-well dilution method for activity against multiresistant clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria from 10 different genera: Klebsiella, Escherichia, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Acinetobacter. The main compounds in the oil were carvacrol (67%), γ-terpinene (15.3%) and p-cymene (6.73%). The oil showed activity against all tested strains. MIC/MBC values were in the range of 0.78-25 μl/ml, with the exception of the strain P. aeruginosa. Microbicidal concentration for this particular strain (50 μl/ml) was the highest tested concentration. The oil showed inhibitory and bactericidal effect at the same concentration (MIC=MBC) for all but three strains.     

Chemical profile and biological activities of Cedrelopsis grevei H. Baillon bark essential oil

Cedrelopsis grevei H. Baillon bark, endemic plant from Madagascar, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, muscular pain, and for its antifungal and antibiotic activities. In this paper, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of C. grevei bark essential oil (EO), its non-polar (I and II) and polar (III) fractions and its main compounds (ishwarane, β-elemene and α-copaene) were investigated.

The GC–MS analysis pointed out the presence of 36 components, representing about 80% as semi-quantitative characterization of the total. The presence of ishwarane, β-elemene and α-copaene as the main constituents highlighted its peculiar composition as a sesquiterpene-rich phytocomplex. Moreover, the quantification was performed for the first time by means of the experimental and predicted response factors (ERFs and PRFs, respectively).

As regards the biological activity, C. grevei EO and its fractions showed weak antioxidant activity against Trolox. The whole EO demonstrated instead considerable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, while its polar-fraction evidenced an interesting bioactivity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Finally, C. grevei EO and its fractions exhibited an interesting cytotoxic activity on human lung cancer cells (A549) and human colorectal cancer cells (CaCo-2).     

几种典型植物精油的化学成分与其抗菌活性

【目的】植物精油萃取自天然植物, 因具有抗菌活性, 近年来受到广泛关注。论文的目的是分析植物精油的化学成分, 测试其抗菌活性, 并研究其化学成分与抗菌活性之间的联系。【方法】实验选取了肉桂、山苍子、丁香、香茅、迷迭香和大蒜精油等6种典型植物精油, 通过气质联用分析方法研究了其化学组分, 并通过污染食物技术研究了其对黑曲霉和绳状青霉的抗真菌活性, 以及对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗细菌活性。【结果】气质联用分析结果表明, 肉桂、山苍子、香茅和迷迭香等4种植物精油的化学成分主要是醛类和醇类, 丁香精油的主要化学成分是丁香油酚, 大蒜精油化学成分基本上都是含硫的醚类, 其中二烯丙基三硫醚(大蒜素)含量最高。抗菌活性结果显示, 不同植物精油的抗菌活性不同, 6种植物精油的抗真菌活性由强到弱依次为: 肉桂>大蒜>丁香>山苍子=香茅>迷迭香, 抗细菌活性由强到弱依次为: 肉桂>山苍子>丁香>香茅=迷迭香>大蒜。【结论】植物精油的抗真菌、细菌活性与其化学组分密切相关, 肉桂、山苍子、香茅和迷迭香等4种精油的抗菌活性可能主要与其化学成分中的醛类和醇类有关, 丁香精油较高的抗菌活性可能主要源于丁香油酚; 大蒜精油具有高效的抗真菌活性主要源于其化学成分中的含硫醚。不同植物精油化学成分不同, 抗真菌、细菌活性也不同, 表明其可能有不同的抗真菌与抗细菌机制。     

Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Ballota hispanica (L.) Benth. growing wild in Sicily

Ballota L. comprises several relevant species largely used for their excellent therapeutic properties. Ballota hispanica (L.) Benth. is widely used in herbal medicine, and it is sold in herbalist shops for its sedative and antispasmodic properties. Considering its traditional medicinal use and the lack of scientific studies on the volatile components of this species as well as on its biological activities, in this study the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of B. hispanica, collected in Sicily, was evaluated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. α-Elemol was the most abundant component of the oil (10.9%), followed by α-ylangene (8.5%), γ-dodecalactone (5.1%), and manoyl oxide (4.8%). A comparison was made of the composition of the different Ballota taxa studied so far showing a peculiar profile of B. hispanica. Futhermore, the antimicrobial and the free radical scavenging activities of the oil were determined.     

Chemical composition,antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Ferulago bernardii Tomk. & M. Pimen of Iran

The aim of the study was to investigate chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil (EO), polar and nonpolar sub-fractions of methanolic extract of Ferulago bernardii. The chemical constituent of the EO was identified by means of GC–MS. The antimicrobial activities of the EO, polar and nonpolar extracts were evaluated by micro-dilution and agar disc diffusion assays. The antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay. The main components of the EO were α-pinene (35.03%), z-β-ocimene (14.24%) and bornyl acetate (11.64%). Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhimurium were the most susceptible and resistant to the antibacterial activity of the essential oil and extract, respectively. The free radical scavenging activities of all extracts and the essential oil were in the order: polar > non-polar > EO. Our findings indicate that F. bernardii essential oil and methanolic extract has a potential to be applied as antimicrobial and antioxidant agent.     

Volatile composition and antimicrobial activity of twenty commercial frankincense essential oil samples

Trees from the genus Boswellia (Burseraceae) are traditionally used as a medicine, a fumigant, in various cosmetic formulations and in aromatherapy in several countries around the world. This plant produces a commercial oil known as frankincense which has a woody, spicy and haunting smell. Frankincense oil has several pharmacological properties, of which many elude to the anti-infective potential. Variation in the chemical composition of this oil has been reported in literature. These factors prompted an investigation to study the commercial frankincense oils from various international suppliers. Twenty essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Considering the major constituents, the oils were found to be qualitatively similar. However, there was immense quantitative variation for certain oil constituents. The components identified and their range in the oils include α-pinene (2.0–64.7%); α-thujene (0.3–52.4%); β-pinene (0.3–13.1%); myrcene (1.1–22.4%); sabinene (0.5–7.0%); limonene (1.3–20.4%); p-cymene (2.7–16.9%) and β-caryophyllene (0.1–10.5%). The antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibition concentration assay) of the oils was investigated against five reference test organisms and the activity ranged from 4–16 mg/ml (Staphylococcus aureus); 1.5–8.3 mg/ml (Bacillus cereus); 4.0–12.0 mg/ml (Escherichia coli); 2.0–12.8 mg/ml (Proteus vulgaris) and 5.3–12.0 mg/ml (Candida albicans).     

Chemical composition and bioactivity of Boswellia serrata Roxb. essential oil in relation to geographical variation

Oleo–gum–resin of Boswellia serrata Roxb. (Burseraceae) was collected from Shivpuri forest situated in northwestern district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The commercial samples were purchased from Mandsaur and Neemuch districts (the major herbal markets of Madhya Pradesh) for comparative study of their essential oils. The average essential oil contents in the commercial Neemuch samples (11.1%) were much better as compared to the wild collection from Shivpuri (6.1%) as well as commercial collection from Mandsaur (6.9%). The commercial samples contained higher percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons (81.9–88.1%) including α-thujene (61.4–69.8%) as the major compound. The wild habitat contained higher percentage of oxygenated monoterpenoids/benzenoids (15.7%) and sesquiterpenes (19.2%) including α-terpineol (7.8%), terpinyl isobutyrate (5.1%), and eudesmol (11.5%). Further, the antimicrobial activities of these collections showed remarkable variation among the essential oils. On the other hand, wild habitat contained improved percentage of semi-polar compounds (34.9%) which might be responsible for enhanced antibacterial activity. Similarly, the winter collection from Neemuch (BS-N2) showed significant antioxidant activity, whereas the wild habitat did not show any antioxidant activity. The higher percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons in commercial samples, especially δ-3-carene, α-pinene, and α-thujene, might be responsible for enhanced antifungal and antioxidant activities. The Pearson correlation values justify the bioactivity relationship of the major compounds with different microbial strains. It also justified the interaction among the major individual compounds.     

生姜精油化学成分及其抗菌活性

[背景]随着耐药微生物种类的增多和耐药性增强,抗耐药微生物新药的发现已成为全球关注的问题.生姜精油是纯天然植物精油,是天然抗菌材料的优选.[目的]分析生姜精油的化学成分,研究生姜精油对常见条件致病菌抗菌活性的影响,并阐明其可能的抗菌机制.[方法]采用气相色谱/质谱技术(Gas Chromatography/Mass S...     

Antifungal activity of the dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seed essential oil against strawberry anthracnose under in vitro and in vivo conditions

Strawberry anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum nymphaeae, is mainly controlled by the application of synthetic chemical fungicides. The present study assessed the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) from dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seed against C. nymphaeae. The antifungal effects of dill seed EO on C. nymphaeae was initially evaluated in vitro and further extended as in vivo condition. The results indicate that in the contact and volatile assays, dill seed EO significantly inhibited mycelial growth of C. nymphaeae at all concentrations tested. Conidia germination was also significantly inhibited at concentrations of 250 – 1000 ppm. Disease incidence and severity of anthracnose on strawberry fruits were significantly reduced compared with infected control, from concentrations of 500 and 50 ppm, respectively. The results confirm the efficacy of dill seed EO against C. nymphaeae, which may represent an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides to control strawberry anthracnose pre- and post-harvest.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Scutellaria barbata

The essential oil of Scutellaria barbata was obtained by hydrodistillation with a 0.3% (v/w) yield and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The main compounds in the oil were hexahydrofarnesylacetone (11.0%), 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (7.8%), menthol (7.7%) and 1-octen-3-ol (7.1%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 17 microorganisms using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus, were more sensitive to the oil than gram-negative bacteria and yeasts.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Teucrium ramosissimum (Lamiaceae)

The phytochemical composition of the essential oil of Teucrium ramosissimum (aerial parts), harvested in a mountainous region of Tunisia, was analyzed. A total of 68 compounds, accounting for 99.44% of the essential oil, were identified by GC and GC/MS. The major compounds were beta-eudesmol (61; 44.52%), caryophyllene oxide (56; 9.35%), alpha-thujene (1; 5.51%), sabinene (4; 4.71%), and T-cadinol (59; 3.9%). The essential oil, which is being used in Tunisian folk medicine against infectious diseases, was tested for its antimicrobial properties against five different bacteria, and found to have weak to moderate activity, with minimal-inhibitory-concentration (MIC) and minimal-bactericidal-concentration (MBC) values in the range 0.24-0.36 and 1.3-2.9 mg/ml, resp.     

茅莓叶挥发油化学成分的研究

利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对中药茅莓叶的挥发油化学成分进行了研究,共鉴定出20种成分,其中主要成分为棕榈酸,反油酸,癸醛,壬醛,顺式-9-烯,十六酸,顺式-3-癸烯醇,硬脂酸,月桂酸,6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五酮,十七醇,羊腊酸。棕榈酸的含量最高,占挥发油成分总量的32.67%。     

Achillea ligustica: composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from the leaves, flowers and some pure constituents

The composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and the flowers of Achillea ligustica (Asteraceae) growing in Sicily has been studied. The main constituents of the leaves were 4-terpineol (19.3%), carvone (8.9%), γ-terpinene (7.2%) and β-phellandrene (6.8%). 4-terpineol (12.0%), carvone (10.0%), and β-phellandrene (5.4%), along with linalool (20.4%) and cedrol (4.3%) were detected in the flower’s oil. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils and of some of the main constituents were assayed on bacteria and fungi. In memory of Prof. Ivano Morelli (1940–2005)     

黄荆挥发油化学成分的研究

采用气相色谱－质谱联用仪对产于秦岭略阳的黄荆叶的挥发油成分进行了分析鉴定,共确定出了３５种成分。主要成分为石竹烯（３３．０１％）、桉树脑（１３．３０％）、β－水芹烯（１３．２３）、别－香树烯（６．５８％）和β－法呢烯（５．５６％）。     

马缨丹叶片精油化学成分及其对三种害虫的生物活性

【目的】为探讨马缨丹Lantana camara L.叶片精油化学成分以及其对3种害虫的生物活性,以应用于生物防治。【方法】马缨丹叶片经水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,产率为0.21%。经过气-质联用仪(GCMS)分析,从马缨丹叶片精油中检测出主要的26种化合物,其中α-姜黄烯(α-curcumene,32.76%),β-石竹烯(β-caryophyllene,16.36%),石竹烯氧化物(Caryophyllene oxide,12.22%),桉油烯醇(Spathulenol,10.48%)含量较高,并对3种不同害虫进行生物活性测定。【结果】生物测定结果表明,马缨丹精油对米象Sitophilus oryzae成虫和Ⅳ龄埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti幼虫的触杀效果显著,LC50分别为0.92 mg/cm2和32.33μg/m L。随着浓度的升高,对白蚁驱避作用增强,白蚁死亡率增加;高浓度精油对白蚁有触杀作用,但较低浓度对白蚁无显著影响。【结论】本研究证明马缨丹叶片精油对3种害虫有良好防治的效果。     

黔产莪术精油的化学成分研究

为了解黔产莪术药材的品质,用GC／MS从黔产获术精油中共检出67个成分,鉴定了其中37个化合物,主要成分为莪术酮（curzerenon）45．02％,莪术烯醇（curcumenol）8．31％,β-榄香烯（β-elemene）5．79％,异莪术烯醇（iso-curcumenol）4．05％,黔产莪术精油抗肿瘤活性成分较高。