Structure of immunoglobulin gamma 2b heavy chain gene cloned from mouse embryo gene library.

A mouse DNA clone containing the constant part of the immunoglobulin gamma 2b heavy chain was isolated from a mouse gene library. The library was constructed in Charon 4A from a partial EcoRI digest of mouse embryo DNA and was screened with a plasmid (p gamma (11)7) containing a cDNA insert of the heavy chain constant region of the plasmacytoma MPC-11 (1). The Charon 4A clone contains a 14 kb insert which is cleaved by EcoRI into a 6.8 kb and 7.2 kb fragments, of which only the 6.8 kb contains the sequence for gamma 2b heavy chain. Restriction analysis and partial sequence of the insert in p gamma (11) 7 enabled us to obtain three fragments corresponding to the 5' (amino acid 161-302) middle (amino acid 302-443) and 3' (mostly non coding 107 bp) regions of the constant region. Restriction analysis of the Charon 4A clone and hybridisation to these nick translated fragments revealed that the gamma 2b constant region gene contains about 1.5 kb and has three intervening sequences.     

Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene from Podospora anserina. A group IA intron with a putative alternative splice site

A 5 kb region of the 95 kb mitochondrial genome of Podospora anserina race s has been mapped and sequenced (1 kb = 10(3) base-pairs). This DNA region is continuous with the sequence for the ND4L and ND5 gene complex in the accompanying paper. We show that this sequence contains the gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII). This gene is 4 kb in length and is interrupted by a subgroup IB intron (1267 base-pairs (bp) in length) and a subgroup IA intron (1992 bp in length). This group IA intron has a long open reading frame (ORF; 472 amino acid residues) discontinuous with the upstream exon sequence. A putative alternative splice site is present, which brings the ORF into phase with the 5' exon sequence. The 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of the COII gene contain G + C-rich palindromic sequences that resemble similar sequences flanking many Neurospora crassa mitochondrial genes.     

Sequence of a yeast DNA fragment containing a chromosomal replicator and the TRP1 gene

The DNA sequence of a 1.45 kb EcoRI fragment from the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) TRP1 region has been determined. The fragment contains the TRP1 gene and a yeast chromosomal replicator. The TRP1 gene has been located on the fragment by analysis of potential initiation and termination codons in the DNA sequence. This location has been confirmed by subcloning portions of the fragment. Both the 5' and 3' noncoding regions of the TRP1 gene contain sequence homologies with analogous areas surrounding other yeast genes. The yeast replicator has been localized in a region near the 3' end of the TRP1 gene. The DNA sequence in this region contains several structural features which may be involved in the initiation of DNA replication.     

Protein structure and gene organization of mouse lactate dehydrogenase-A isozyme

The complete covalent structure of the 331 amino acids of mouse lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A4 isozyme has been determined by sequence analyses of both the protein and the genomic DNA. The mouse LDH-A gene spans a length of at least 7000 bases from the translation initiation codon ATG to the end of the 3' untranslated region, and it contains six introns that interrupt the protein-coding sequence. The relationships between the exon-intron organization of LDH-A gene and the structural-functional domains of the protein are discussed.     

Structure and expression of the mouse prealbumin gene

We cloned a genomic DNA fragment which covers the entire sequence of the mouse prealbumin gene and then studied the structure. The coding regions are separated into four exons by three introns, and these numbers, the sizes of the exons and the relative sites of the exon-intron junctions are all in complete agreement with those determined for the human gene. The sequences of four exons can be aligned perfectly with that of the previously determined mouse prealbumin cDNA. In addition to the exon regions, we found two highly conserved DNA regions between the mouse and human prealbumin genes, one in the 5'-flanking region of the gene and the other in the 3' end region of the first intron. These DNA regions contain several consensus glucocorticoid receptor-binding site sequences, and the latter also contains an enhancer sequence present in the immunoglobulin kappa-chain joining-constant kappa intron. RNA hybridizing to the mouse prealbumin cDNA was detected in the extracts from liver, brain, and kidney, but was not detected in testes, spleen, or heart. Little change was caused in the level of prealbumin mRNA in the liver by administration of dexamethasone to mice.     

Tandem linkage of human CSF-1 receptor (c-fms) and PDGF receptor genes

A 5' untranslated exon of the human CSF-1 receptor gene (c-fms) is separated by a 26 kb intron from the 32 kb receptor coding sequences. Nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned genomic DNA revealed that the 3' end of the PDGF receptor gene is located less than 0.5 kb upstream from this exon. Similarities in chromosomal localization, organization, and encoded amino acid sequences suggest that the genes encoding the CSF-1 and PDGF receptors arose through duplication. The as yet unidentified c-fms promoter/enhancer sequences may be confined to the nucleotides separating the two genes or could potentially lie within the PDGF receptor gene itself.     

Isolation and sequencing of mouse angiogenin DNA

The mouse genomic DNA for angiogenin, a potent blood vessel inducing protein, has been isolated from a bacteriophage library using the human angiogenin gene as a probe. The 1129 bp fragment contains 499 bp in the 5' flanking region, 192 bp in the 3' flanking region, and 438 bp coding for the mature protein (121 amino acids) and signal peptide (24 amino acids). Potential TATA box and AATAAA polyadenylation sequences are present, and a consensus sequence for an intron 3' boundary occurs 16 bp upstream of the Met-(24) codon, suggesting the presence of an intron in the 5' region. The protein sequence inferred from the DNA is 76% identical to that of human angiogenin, and matches the sequences obtained previously from tryptic peptides of a serum-derived mouse angiogenin. The critical catalytic residues of human angiogenin are conserved in the mouse protein, as are the six cysteines necessary for disulfide bond formation.     

Structure and chromosome assignment of the murine p36 (calpactin I heavy chain) gene

p36 is a major substrate of both viral and growth factor receptor associated protein kinases. This protein has recently been named calpactin I heavy chain since it is the large subunit of a Ca2(+)-dependent phospholipid and actin binding heterotetramer. The primary structure of p36 has been determined from analysis of cloned cDNA. The protein contains 338 amino acids, has an approximate molecular weight of 39,000, and is comprised of several distinct domains, including four 75 amino acid repeats. From two overlapping cosmid clones isolated from different mouse genomic liver libraries, the complete intron/exon structure of the p36 gene was determined and the 5' and 3' noncoding regions of the gene were analyzed. The coding and 3' untranslated region of the p36 gene contains 12 exons which range in size from 48 to 322 base pairs (bp) with an average size of 107 bp. The repeat structures found at the protein level are not delineated by single exons, but the N-terminal p11-binding domain is encoded by a single exon. Structural mapping of the gene demonstrated that the lengths of the first two introns in the coding region are together approximately 6 kilobases (kb), while the other introns range in size from 600 to 3600 bp with an average size of 1650 bp. The p36 gene is at least 22 kb in length and has a coding sequence of approximately 1 kb, representing only 4.5% of the gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)