中山市正常人群鼻咽部肺炎链球菌的携带情况调查

目的 :获取本地区正常人群鼻咽部肺炎链球菌携带情况 ,为疾病预防和治疗提供科学依据。方法 :随机抽检正常人群 (按防疫人群监测共分四组 :2～ 4岁、6～ 8岁、9～ 12岁、2 5～ 39岁组 )鼻咽拭子进行培养、分离、鉴定及药敏试验 ,按《全国临床检验操作规程》进行。结果 :2 6 7例标本共分离出 71株肺炎链球菌 ,分离率为 2 6 .6 %。 2～ 4岁组检出 18株 ,检出率 2 5 .8% ;6～ 8岁检出 2 0株 ,检出率 37.0 % ;9～ 12岁组检出 2 2株 ,检出率 2 9.3% ;2 5～ 39岁组检出 11株 ,检出率 16 .2 %。各年龄组鼻咽部肺炎链球菌反携带率经 χ2检验 ,χ2 =7.110 .0 5相差无显著性意义 ,少年儿童组合并后肺炎链球菌的携带率 2 9.6 % (5 9/ 199)与成人组 17.6 % (12 / 6 8)相比较经 χ2检验 ,χ2 =5 .0 7>P0 .0 5( 1 ) =3.84 ,差异有显著性。耐青霉素肺炎链球菌为 2 6 .8%。结论 :本地区正常人群鼻咽部肺炎链球菌携带率为 2 6 .6 % ,少年儿童鼻咽部携带率较成人高。对青霉素耐药率处于较高水平 ,耐青霉素菌株对其他常用抗生素普遍耐药 ,且已发现对三代头孢菌素耐药菌株     

高密市2013—2014年健康人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎带菌率调查与分析

目的了解2013-2014年高密市健康人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎带菌状况,为预防控制流脑提供科学依据。方法按分层整群抽样方法,在全市范围于流脑流行前期、流行期和流行末期采集7个年龄组健康人群咽拭子996份,现场接种巧克力双抗平板分离培养后,进行染色镜检、生化鉴定及血清凝集分型。结果咽拭子脑膜炎奈瑟菌阳性检出8份,带菌率0.80%;菌株分别为A、B、C、W135群,其中A群4株,占50%。2014年1~3岁、7~15岁儿童流脑带菌率最高,分别为3.42%、2.07%,各年龄组带菌率差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。各镇街人群带菌率以拒城河镇和密水街办为最高,分别为1.81%和1.22%,各镇街差异均无统计学意义。结论高密市健康人群流脑带菌率为0.80%,1~3岁和7~15岁人群流脑带菌率较高,A群流脑菌群是主要流行株。     

流脑防治的微生态学的实验研究

本文初探人咽部正常菌群对Ａ群、Ｂ群脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌生长的影响。结果显示,调查人群中２４１７％的人咽部存在可抑制Ａ群脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌生长的细菌;一般健康者、流脑病人密切接触者和流脑病人之间差异不显著。对４１株抑制Ａ群脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌生长的细菌的检测可见,有２３株（占５６１０％）对Ｂ群脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌生长有抑制作用;有５株菌对８种实验标准致病菌的生长都有抑制作用,表明人咽部正常菌群对致病菌拮抗作用的非特异性和多重性。部分人咽部正常菌群细菌的代谢产物亦可抑制Ａ、Ｂ群脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌生长     

一起流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫情的调查及控制

目的对流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫情进行流行病学分析,以了解流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)发生的特点,评价防控措施的效果。方法采用现场流行病学、血清学调查的方法对发生的流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫情进行调查分析。结果此疫情鉴定为一起C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌引起的聚集性病例,3例病人均已接种过A群流脑多糖疫苗3～4次,而未接种过A群C群流脑多糖疫苗,对C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌无免疫力;采取相应措施后疫情得到控制,没有引起流脑流行。结论对C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌所致疫情,采取以预防性服药、应急接种为主的综合控制措施能得到有效控制。     

脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌三个新的血清群——1890群、1486群和1811群

采用细菌凝集吸收试验、间接血凝试验、琼脂双向扩散试验和对流免疫电泳技术等方法,对从我国健康人群鼻咽部分离出的不与脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌A、B、C、D、x、Y、z、29E、W135、1889、1892、319、191 6群分群诊断血清凝集的菌株进行了研究,建立了三个新的血清群。经抗原分析证实,这三个新的血清群是完全不相同的,命名为1890群,1486群,1811群。仅从带菌者鼻咽部分离出这三个新的血清群的少数菌株,正常人群的带菌率约为0．5％左右。     

1例流行性脑脊髓膜炎病例的菌群鉴定及分析

目的对2015年河南省1例流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)病例的菌群进行分子分型鉴定及分析,为河南省流脑预防和控制工作提供科学依据。方法对患者脑脊液和血液标本以及37例密切接触者咽拭子标本进行细菌培养,提取DNA进行PCR及多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing,MLST)分析。用ELISA检测密切接触者血清标本的脑膜炎奈瑟菌A群和C群抗体水平。结果患者和1例密切接触者分离的菌株经细菌培养及PCR鉴定,分别为C群和B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌。MLST分型显示,患者和密切接触者标本分别为ST4821型和ST5664型,两者均为ST4821克隆群。37例密切接触者脑膜炎奈瑟菌A群和C群抗体阳性率分别为91.89%和21.62%,平均抗体质量浓度分别为6.50μg/m L和1.73μg/m L。结论引起流脑疫情的致病菌为C群ST4821型脑膜炎奈瑟菌,当地C群平均抗体含量偏低,需加强流脑A+C疫苗的接种,有效预防流脑的暴发。     

PCR结合酶切-序列比对法鉴定B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株

目的用PCR结合酶切-序列比对法对B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株进行鉴定。方法用玻片凝集法对不同来源的15株B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株进行初步检定,再用PCR结合酶切-序列比对法对上述15株菌株进行进一步鉴定,即用PCR结合酶切法扩增菌株的唾液酸转移酶sia D基因并对PCR产物进行酶切后,用BLAST软件将PCR产物测序结果与Gene Bank中原始sia D序列比对。结果 15株菌株玻片凝集结果均为阳性;15株菌株的PCR产物片段大小均为460 bp;TaqⅠ酶切后,13株菌株的酶切产物片段大小仍为460 bp,其PCR产物测序比对结果与B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌原始sia D序列同源性均达到99%;其余2株酶切产物片段大小约200 bp,与C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌sia D原始基因序列同源性分别为98%和99%。结论 15株菌株经PCR结合酶切-序列比对法鉴定,13株为B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株,2株为C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株;该方法可准确鉴定B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌株。     

脑膜炎奈瑟菌疫苗研制进展

由脑膜炎奈瑟菌引起的流行性脑脊髓膜炎是一种对人类危害严重的传染性疾病,曾在全球引起多次大流行,所以关于其预防引起了全世界的高度重视。目前应用和研究的脑膜炎奈瑟菌疫苗主要有荚膜多糖疫苗、多糖与蛋白结合疫苗、B群改良疫苗、去毒脂多糖结合疫苗等,本文就以上疫苗的研制情况进行综述。     

脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌的抗原分析及分型研究进展

自从十九世纪八十年代从流行性脑脊髓膜炎患者的脑脊髓液中分离出脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌,至今已近百年了。其抗原结构和分型的研究有了较大的进展,促进了对该病的防治工作。荚膜群特异性多糖,外膜蛋白质及脂多糖的抗原分析和分型,以及细菌素和杀菌力分型的研究,正在细菌检验工作中应用和深入研究。用凝胶过     

健康人群中脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌菌群分布变迁的调查

流行性脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(简称流脑菌)在健康人群中菌群分布变迁情况的了解,对预测流脑流行情况有重要意义。为了掌握本地区流脑健康人群带菌菌群分布,于1976—1978年进行了菌群调查。现将情况汇报如下。     

营养物质对两种炭疽菌潜伏侵染的影响

通过不同浓度的几种糖类对潜伏侵染在青香蕉果实中的colletotrichum musae和芒果果实中的colletotichum gloeosporioides的菌体的影响进行了测定,结果表明,高浓度淀粉可极显著地提高两种炭疽菌的孢子萌发率,并有利于附着胞和分生孢子的形成。单糖和二糖在较低浓度时有利于孢子萌发和产孢,不利于附着胞形成。未成熟果实的坚硬结构和高淀粉含量为病菌提供了以附着胞形式潜伏侵染在寄主中的条件。     

桉树LH22、U6无性系茎提取液对绿豆插条发根和种子萌发的影响

研究表明,难生根的尾叶桉×赤桉LH₂₂无性系茎的粗提液对绿豆插条发根率、不定根长度有极明显的抑制作用,而易生根的尾叶桉U₆无性系茎的粗提液却没有抑制作用。对这些茎粗提液进一步用有机溶剂萃取分离,各萃取相进行白菜种子萌发的生物测验,表明LH₂₂中的水相、乙醚相含有抑制种子萌发的物质,经Duncan's新复极差法分析抑制作用显著,而易生根的U₆中却无影响。水相、乙醚相分别再经硅胶柱层析技术分离纯化得到多种不同的成分,进行白菜种子萌发生物测验后,有数种成分有明显的抑制作用。因此说明,难生根的LH₂₂无性系茎内含有成分不同的生根抑制物质,而易生根的U₆无性系茎内几乎没有或含有少量这些生根抑制物质。     

In Vitro Amyloidogenic Peptides of Galectin-7: POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF AMYLOIDOGENESIS OF PRIMARY LOCALIZED CUTANEOUS AMYLOIDOSIS

Pathogenesis of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) is unclear, but pathogenic relationship to keratinocyte apoptosis has been implicated. We have previously identified galectin-7, actin, and cytokeratins as the major constituents of PLCA. Determination of the amyloidogenetic potential of these proteins by thioflavin T (ThT) method demonstrated that galectin-7 molecule incubated at pH 2.0 was capable of binding to the dye, but failed to form amyloid fibrils. When a series of galectin-7 fragments containing β-strand peptides were prepared to compare their amyloidogenesis, Ser³¹-Gln⁶⁷ and Arg¹²⁰-Phe¹³⁶ were aggregated to form amyloid fibrils at pH 2.0. The rates of aggregation of Ser³¹-Gln⁶⁷ and Arg¹²⁰-Phe¹³⁶ were dose-dependent with maximal ThT levels after 3 and 48 h, respectively. Their synthetic analogs, Phe³³-Lys⁶⁵ and Leu¹²¹-Arg¹³⁴, which are both putative tryptic peptides, showed comparable amyloidogenesis. The addition of sonicated fibrous form of Ser³¹-Gln⁶⁷ or Phe³³-Lys⁶⁵ to monomeric Ser³¹-Gln⁶⁷ or Phe³³-Lys⁶⁵ solution, respectively, resulted in an increased rate of aggregation and extension of amyloid fibrils. Amyloidogenic potentials of Ser³¹-Gln⁶⁷ and Phe³³-Lys⁶⁵ were inhibited by actin and cytokeratin fragments, whereas those of Arg¹²⁰-Phe¹³⁶ and Leu¹²¹-Arg¹³⁴ were enhanced in the presence of Gly⁸⁴-Arg¹¹³, a putative tryptic peptide of galectin-7. Degraded fragments of the galectin-7 molecule produced by limited trypsin digestion, formed amyloid fibrils after incubation at pH 2.0. These results suggest that the tryptic peptides of galectin-7 released at neutral pH, may lead to amyloid fibril formation of PLCA in the intracellular acidified conditions during keratinocyte apoptosis via regulation by the galectin-7 peptide as well as actin and cytokeratins.     

DESCRIPTIONS OF LAST INSTAR LARVAE OF THREE ENNOMINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) SPECIES FROM KOREA

Abstract Morphological features of mature larvae of Petelia rivulosa (Butler), Exangerona prattiaria (Leech) and Culcula panterinaria (Bremer & Grey) of Ennominae are described and illustrated. All specimens examined are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.     

不吸水链霉菌葡萄糖异构酶的物化表征

葡萄糖异构酶是一种催化葡萄糖异构为果糖的酶。本文用紫外吸收光谱、红外光谱、氨基酸组分分析、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶梯度电泳、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、超薄 层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳技术研究了不吸水链霉菌嗜热亚种M1033菌株产生的葡萄糖异构酶的一些物化性质。结果表明由本实验室制备的均一葡萄糖异构酶的A₂₈₀与A₂₆₀的比值是1.76。它是由一个亚单位组成的酶分子。最小分子量是49000。pI值是5.2。氨基酸组分与其它来源的葡萄糖异构酶的氨基酸组分相比较有一些差异,其中Glu,Gly,ALa和Leu的含量都此其它异构酶的高,而Met,Trp,Asp,Thr则比其它葡萄糖异构酶的低。     

巨细胞病毒感染对新生豚鼠胸腺的影响

新生豚鼠皮下接种豚鼠巨细胞病毒(GPCMV)后,导致动物胸腺急性感染。感染豚鼠胸腺在接种后第五天开始出现病毒,第十天达高峰。此外,感染动物胸腺的发育受到抑制,细胞总数和T淋巴细胞数随朐腺中病毒滴度的增高而进行性下降,至接种GPCMV后第十天最显著。由于病毒对T细胞的作用,细胞表面红细胞受体的丧失导致胸腺Null细胞百分比高于对照动物。     

THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS OF THE ZOOSPORE OF UROSPORA PENICILLIFORMIS(CHLOROPHYTA)1

The flagellar apparatus of Urospora penicilliformis (Roth) Aresch. is unique, or at least very unusual among green algae. The flagellar axonemes are rigid, and contain wing-like projections. There are no central microtubules in the most proximal part of the axoneme. The transition region contains a series of electron dense transverse lamellae rather than a single septum, and lacks a stellate pattern. There is no cartwheel pattern in the proximal part of the basal bodies. The latter are associated with four different types of fibrous elements: ascending striated fibers that attach to an electron dense plate in the papillar center, lateral striated fibers that parallel microtubular roots, fibrous elements that link adjacent basal bodies, and finally two massive striated fibers that descend into the cell, passing closely along the nucleus (system II fibers, or rhizoplasts). Each of the four microtubular flagellar roots is sandwiched between two system I striated structures. The roots are probably equal; they contain proximally four, and distally up to eight microtubules. Based on the zoospore flagellar apparatus, it is concluded that the multinucleate U. penicilliformis is related to the Ulvaphyceae. Finally, a possible explanation in functional terms is given for the peculiar external morphology and behavior of the zoospore.     

MERCURY AND TEMPERATURE INTERACTIONS ON THE GROWTH RATES OF THREE SPECIES OF FRESHWATER PHYTOPLANKTON1,2

Cultures of freshwater algae, representing three algal divisions, Synura petersenii Korshikov; Chlamydomonas sp.: and Nitzschia sp., were subjected to four different mercury-temperature shock interactions to demonstrate synergistic effects between mercury and temperature. Algal growth, measured by temporal changes in vivo fluorescence of chlorophyll was used to ascertain the effects. Mercury addition and temperature shock had various inhibitory effects on algal growth. Prior environmental conditions influence the effect of subsequent treatments. Growth of S. petersenii was severely inhibited by mercury in all experiments. Control cultures would not grow at 30 C and died when shacked at this temperature. Chlamydomonas sp. cultures initially inhibited by mercury were able to recover under most conditions after a period of reduced growth. Nitzschia sp. was resistant to mercury except when simultaneously shocked with temperature. Mercury analyses showed that Nitzschia cells at 25 C and 30 C contained a high percentage of the mercury initially added to the cultures. There was a significant loss of mercury at the end of each experiment from all cultures, probably due to volatilization.     

鸡舍空气真菌浓度及多样性研究

采用6级Andersen生物空气采样器和常用真菌计数培养基,对鸡舍空气真菌的浓度和多样性进行了研究。空气样本经培养、计数和纯化共鉴定出78种真菌,以有丝分裂孢子真菌为主,优势真菌类群为Cladosporium,Penicillium,Aspergillus,Candida,Alternaria及Fusarium等,其中包括A.flavus,A.fumigatus,A.niger及F.sporotrichioides等在内的10余种禽类病原真菌。鸡舍内空气真菌的平均浓度为2.3×103CFU/m3。A.flavus,A.fumigatus及A.niger在鸡舍空气中的浓度相对较高。鸡舍空气真菌呈对数正态分布,Cladosporium,Penicillium及Aspergillus主要分布在C和D级(3.0~6.0μm),A和B级(>6.0μm)及E和F级(<3.0μm)相对较少。此外,还分离到出现频率较低但对公众健康构成潜在危害的病原真菌,如Candida albicans,Histoplasma capsulatum,Cryptococcus neoformans及Coccidioides immitis等。     

AM真菌在我国东、南沿海各土壤气候带的分布

本文研究了我国东南沿海七省中15种土类60科植物根区278份土样中908个种次AM真菌的地域分布规律。本区土壤区带和气候区域的分带基本一致,共分为五个土壤气候带。AM真菌5个属中球囊霉属在所有区带均为优势属,其出现率由北至南稍呈下降趋势;硬囊霉属则与之相反,由北向南总体上呈上升趋势;无梗囊霉属、巨囊霉属和盾巨囊霉属无明显地域规律。AM真菌某些种也有不同的分布规律。