独蒜兰种子共生萌发研究

采用从独蒜兰分离的菌根真菌与其种子在燕麦培养基上共生萌发。结果表明GN21、GN23和GN24的作用效果较好, 其中GN21萌发率84.6%, 高于对照7个百分点, 达到显著性。同时也表明, 从同一兰科植物分离到的属于同一属的不同菌根真菌种, 有的能明显促进种子萌发, 有的却不能促进萌发, 甚至产生病斑, 引起原球茎死亡。     

卡德丽亚兰种子非共生萌发及萌发过程中原球茎发育的细胞学研究

对卡德丽亚兰种子非共生萌发条件及萌发过程中原球茎发育进行了研究。结果表明,低离子浓度培养基(KC、RE)利于卡德丽亚兰种子萌发;适宜种类和浓度的激素(1.0mg/LBA和0.1mg/LNAA或1.0mg/LKT和0.1mg/LNAA)对种子萌发有良好的促进作用。细胞学研究表明:卡德丽亚兰种子萌发过程的本质是未分化胚细胞团通过细胞的不断分裂形成原球茎,原球茎出现极性,随之分化形成芽端分生区,最终形成实生苗。     

独蒜兰种子共生萌发研究

采用从独蒜兰分离的菌根真菌与其种子在燕麦培养基上共生萌发.结果表明GN21、GN23和GN24的作用效果较好,其中GN21萌发率84.6%,高于对照7个百分点,达到显著性.同时也表明,从同一兰科植物分离到的属于同一属的不同菌根真菌种,有的能明显促进种子萌发,有的却不能促进萌发,甚至产生病斑,引起原球茎死亡.     

兰科杓兰属（Cypripedium）植物种子非共生萌发研究进展

兰科杓兰属(Cypripedium)植物主要分布于东亚、北美等温带地区和亚热带山地。杓兰不仅具有极高的观赏价值,而且其经济价值和科研价值也越来越受到人们的重视。近年来对杓兰属植物人工繁殖的相关研究不断深入,主要集中于种子的非共生萌发等方面。本文对濒危兰科杓兰属植物进行了简要介绍,并就其种子非共生萌发研究从种子成熟度、预处理和有机添加物的作用、培养基的配置等方面进行综述,为目标杓兰种类的非共生萌发试验方案的制定奠定基础,将有助于温带/高山兰科植物保育研究的发展。     

黄花杓兰种子无菌萌发的培养条件研究

授粉１５周后的黄花杓兰（Cypripedium flavum P.F.Hunt et Summerh.)种子经０．５％ＮaClO溶液处理后,无菌下播于培养基因表面,２０周后种子最高萌发率达到９０％。ＫＴ和ＢＡ促进兰花种子萌发的机理是作为一种萌发诱导物质直接起作用。而不仅仅是拮抗ＡＢＡ的抑制作用而促进种子的萌发,培养基,激素和种子预处理萌发率高低的关键,种皮是阻碍黄花杓兰种子萌发的主要原因之一。     

鹭鸶兰种子及其萌发特性的初步研究

鹭鸶兰(Diuranthera major Hemsl.)属于百合科吊兰族(Asphodeleae)鹭鸶兰属,是中国的特有植物。鹭鸶兰分布于云南的西部至东南部及四川南部,生长于海拔530—2700米的林下、灌丛及干旱草坡,植物的形态随生境不同而有变化。这是一种分布区狭窄,但适应性较强的植物。由于鹭鸶兰属与吊兰属中Chlorophytum nepalense(Lindl.)Barcer的形态十分接近,特别是果期难于区别,在研究干标本时易于产生混乱。     

‘金州报春’兜兰的非共生萌发与快速繁殖

收集授粉后不同时期报春兜兰栽培品种‘金州报春’的种子,观察种子形态特征和萌发过程,建立了高效快繁体系。试验结果表明种子萌发的最佳培养基RE＋O-3nag·L～NAA＋0．1mg·L～6-BA＋100mL·L-1椰子乳（体积比）;授粉162d后的种子萌发率较高并且无白化现象,授粉203d的种子播种后萌发率可达94-33％;分化后的原球茎在壮苗培养基上培养4个月后可得到有5～6片叶、高3～5cm的健壮试管苗。     

苣兰种子离体萌发与植株再生(简报)

苣兰种子在不加生长调节剂的改良KC培养基中培养30d离体萌发,40d肉眼可见细小原球茎：转入改良的KC NAA0．2mg／L培养基中,原球茎开始生长并分化成小苗;将小苗转入改良的KC NAA0．5mg／L 香蕉泥20g／L培养基中生根,并长成具有假鳞茎的健壮植株。     

同色兜兰的非共生萌发与快速繁殖研究

以授粉后不同发育时期的同色兜兰种子为材料,观察其形态特征和萌发过程,并探讨建立同色兜兰高效快繁体系的最佳条件。结果表明,种子发育中后期即授粉后210~240d为较适宜的采收期,授粉后210d的种子萌发率最高(达77.79%);1/4 MS和1/2MS为同色兜兰适宜的基本培养基,添加100mL/L椰乳或1g/L蛋白胨对种子萌发及原球茎生长和分化有明显的促进作用;添加1g/L活性炭对原球茎褐化有一定的抑制作用,但添加剂量不宜过大;添加香蕉汁和苹果汁对同色兜兰种子萌发和原球茎生长分化有抑制作用;暗处理对同色兜兰种子萌发无影响;分化后的原球茎在壮苗和生根培养基上培养120d即可得到4~5片叶、高3~5cm的同色兜兰健壮试管苗。     

In vitro asymbiotic germination of Orchis mascula L

Abstract

This is the first report on the in vitro asymbiotic germination of Orchis mascula L. seeds, collected in the Simbruini Natural Park (Italy). Different pre-inoculum treatments and various culture media were tested to induce germination and to improve embryo development. The Orchimax medium supplemented with benzyladenine and active charcoal proved to be the best in promoting seed germination. The time course of protocorm development is described.     

Effect of light and temperature on the germination of lettuce seeds

A short period (15–30 min) at 30° C promotes germination of seeds of Lactuca sativa L. cv. Repolhuda in darkness. Far-red light reverses this stimulation, and the escape curves for phytochrome and high-temperature action are quite similar, indicating that the two factors act at a common point in the chain of events leading to germination. It is suggested that high temperature acts by decreasing the threshold of the active, far-red absorbing, form of phytochrome (Pfr) needed to promote germination.Abbreviations FR far-red light - Pfr far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome - R red light     

Effects of temperature and light on germination and early seedling development of the pine pink orchid (Bletia purpurea)

Orchid seed physiology is a poorly understood phenomenon owing to an emphasis on production and the challenges associated with propagating orchids from minute seed. We investigated the role of simulated south Florida temperatures and illumination (dark and 12 h photoperiod) in regulating germination and seedling development using asymbiotic seed germination assays of Bletia purpurea. Our objectives were to determine whether in situ germination is limited by seasonal temperatures and to determine whether temperature alters responses to illumination. Bletia purpurea seeds were able to germinate to > 90% under all treatments. The greatest germination after 3 weeks was observed at 29/19°C under continual darkness and at 25°C under dark and illuminated conditions. The slowest germination was observed at simulated winter temperatures (22/11°C). Illumination initially inhibited germination and development, but resulted in equal or greater development by week six. Germination under 22/11°C was strongly inhibited by illumination, indicating an interaction between temperature and light sensing systems.     

三药槟榔种子休眠与萌发的研究

对三药槟榔种子休眠和萌发的基本特性进行研究,结果表明种子的休眠属于综合休眠;种壳对种子 萌发的抑制作用不是由于其对水分透过的限制,而是种皮的机械束缚和透气性差;种子还需要一段低温的生 理后熟过程才能解除休眠。种子经0．2％的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡15 min,0．3％亚硝酸钠和0．2％的硝酸钾溶液 浸种24℃后,发芽速度均显著加快,以0．3％亚硝酸钠处理效果为最佳。种子在15、4℃和室温(昼24～32 ℃／夜18～24℃)三种不同温度下贮藏60 d后,在4℃贮藏的种子发芽情况最好。种子不耐脱水,采用硅胶脱 水,含水量降低至22％以下,种子活力显著降低。     

In vitro asymbiotic germination of immature seed and formation of protocorm by Cephalanthera falcata (Orchidaceae)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many Orchidaceous species are threatened globally by development and over-collection from their natural habitats for horticultural purposes. Artificial propagation from seeds is difficult in most terrestrial orchids native to temperate regions. Seed production is another limiting factor in the artificial propagation for these species because of the lessened probability of pollination and the destruction of fruit by insect larvae. Members of the genus Cephalanthera are distributed across Europe, Asia and North America. C. falcata is a temperate species of East Asia and an endangered species in Japan. As successful propagation from seeds of this species has never been reported, a reproducible method is described here for seed production in situ and propagation using immature seeds in asymbiotic culture in vitro. METHODS: Effects of hand-pollination and bagging treatment of ovaries were examined. Young capsules were collected every 10 d from 50 d after pollination until 120 d after pollination. Immature seeds obtained from these capsules were cultured asymbiotically on modified Kano medium and ND medium. Seed viability was examined within TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) test solution and histological observations were made on viable seeds by paraffin embedding at each collection stage. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Hand-pollination followed by bagging treatment of ovaries with aluminium foil was effective for insect control during fruit development, and successfully yielded capsules. Of the capsules, 74.5 % survived to full maturity. The highest frequency (39.8 %) of seed germination was obtained with seeds harvested 70 d after pollination. The frequency declined with progress of seed maturity on the mother plant. Minimal germination was observed with seeds harvested 100 d or later after pollination. Histological observation suggests that accumulation of such substances as lignin in the inner integument surrounding the embryo during seed maturation plays an important role in induction of dormancy.     

Calcium-calmodulin in germination of Phacelia tanacetifolia seeds: effects of light, temperature, fusicoccin and calcium-calmodulin antagonists

Germination in the dark and at 16°C of photoblastic and thermosensitive seeds of Phacelia tanacetifolia was inhibited when incubated with EGTA and the Ca²⁺-ionophore A 23187; A 23187 in the presence of Ca²⁺ still inhibited germination, but to a lesser extent. Treatments with EGTA or Ca²⁺ at different concentrations in the presence or in the absence of A 23187 did not remove light inhibition. The calmodulin (CaM) inhibitor, calmidazolium, strongly inhibited germination. The specificity of these inhibitors and their effects on seed germination are discussed.
CaM from Phacelia tanacetifolia seeds has been purified and its characteristics (molecular weight, heat and acid stability, kinetics of phosphodiesterase [EC 3.1.4.17] activation) were very similar to those of other plant sources. More than 90% of total CaM was present in the soluble fraction (ca 41 μg g^-1 fresh weight in ungerminated seeds). The CaM level greatly increased in the early phases of seed germination; this increase did not take place when germination was inhibited by light or high temperature. When fusicoccin, a toxin which promotes germination by activating membrane functions, relieved light or high temperature inhibition, CaM increased up to the control value in the dark at 16°C. The parallel increase in CaM and seed germination suggest that CaM plays an important role in the process. Fusicoccin in the dark at 16°C stimulated CaM and fresh weight increase, but not the metabolic reactivation measured as increase in DNA and total RNA levels; at 30°C fusicoccin stimulated the increase in fresh weight and in CaM level, but the increases in DNA and total RNA were very low. These results suggest that the activation of membrane functions with cell enlargement induced by fusicoccin is related to CaM increase.     

Effect of different primate species on germination of Ficus (Urostigma) seeds

We examined the germination of Ficus seeds (subgenus Urostigma) after defecation by six primate species (New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and apes). Seeds from figs (control) and primate feces were placed in a thermostatically controlled chamber for 30 days. Seeds defecated by Alouatta palliata, A. pigra, and Cercopithecus aethiops showed significantly higher germination rates than control seeds. In addition, seeds from A. palliata feces germinated significantly faster than control seeds and seeds from C. aethiops and Pan troglodytes. These differences may be due to the different digestive characteristics of the six primate species. Zoo Biol 23:273–278, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

In vitro asymbiotic germination and seedling development of Limodorum abortivum (Orchidaceae)

Abstract

Germination tests were carried out using immature seeds of Limodorum abortivum and applying in vitro techniques. The results proved that BM₁ culture medium is suitable to promote both germination and further growth stages. Details of the developmental pattern, and some micromorphological features, are described.