辽藁本优良株系的初选及综合特征评价

试验以根茎繁殖后一年及二年生的辽藁本作为材料,对初选出性状较为突出的辽藁本植株的生育性状、根部产量及性状、抗病性、越冬性进行科学的田间调查与数据分析,对其外部形态进行准确的描述.从而初步筛选出辽藁本的优良株系.     

连作对当归药材挥发油含量的影响

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同茬口当归药材挥发油,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分,归一化法测定相对含量,比较了不同茬口挥发油出油率及化学成分的差异.结果表明,正茬、迎茬、连作2a、连作3a栽培当归挥发油收率分别为0.95%、0.75%、0.70%、0.64%,挥发油中藁本内酯的相对含量分别为71.62%、49.04%、29.49%、59.58%,藁本内酯的异构化产物邻苯二甲酸酐和1,4-环己二烯1,2-二羧酐的相对含量分别为0.21%和4 47%、3.81%和8.55%、6.48%和10.65%、1.04%和5.33%.因此,与正茬栽培相比,连作栽培当归中挥发油的收率及其中藁本内酯的相对含量均明显降低,但挥发油的组分基本一致.     

海拔高度对当归产量和挥发油主要成分的影响

本文对关山高、中、低山当归的生长、早期抽苔、产量和挥发油含量及其主要成分进行了研究。证明了海拔高度对当归的成活率、抽苔率影响不大。低山产量比高山产量高,增产率达8.2—46.9%。挥发油的含量是随着海拔的升高有逐渐升高的趋势,尤其主要成分丁烯基苯酞和藁本内酯的含量尤为明显。     

当归及其不同炮制品的挥发油提取及成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取生当归及其不同炮制品中的挥发油,应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术测定和分析其化学组分.在相同提取方法和测定条件下,从生当归及其不同炮制品饮片中得到的挥发油组分存在一定的差异,主要表现在E-藁本内酯、Z-藁本内酯和Z-丁烯基酞内酯等化合物的含量差异较大.当归经过炮制后其所含挥发油的化学成分组成发生了较大变化,说明不同炮制方法对当归挥发油成分的影响是显著的,表明根据临床应用目的不同对当归进行炮制有一定的物质基础.     

甘肃岷县当归不同药用部位挥发油的提取及其成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取产于甘肃岷县道地产区当归的当归身、当归尾、当归头中的挥发油,使用气相-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析其挥发油的化学组分.在相同提取测定条件下,当归不同部位提取的挥发油中各化学成分含量存在差异性,当归身、当归尾、当归头在保持较多藁本内酯的同时,均含有其他有效成分,且这些有效成分种类与含量不尽相同.提示当归不同药用部位的挥发油化学成分含量具有一定的差异,药理作用的物质基础不同,探寻当归不同部位的挥发油的化学成分变化规律,为中药当归的加工及临床应用提供科学依据.     

铬污染人工湿地薏米对铬的积累和分布

通过桶栽构筑微型垂直流人工湿地,在生活污水中添加不同浓度的Cr~(6+)(0、20、40 mg·L~(-1),用K_2Cr_2O_7配置),研究了在铬(Cr)污染条件下薏米不同器官和亚细胞水平对铬的积累及分布。结果表明:薏米根茎叶铬含量均随铬处理浓度的提高和处理时间的延长而显著增加,根部铬含量最高,其次是叶片,茎部铬含量最低。随着铬处理浓度的增加和时间的延长,细胞壁和液泡中的铬含量大幅上升,但细胞器中铬含量上升幅度较低,根部细胞壁、细胞器、可溶部分及液泡铬含量均显著大于茎、叶相关细胞组分,根、茎、叶亚细胞水平铬含量分布均依次为细胞壁液泡细胞器。其中,细胞壁铬含量极显著大于液泡以及其他细胞器,薏米根部把大部分铬隔离在细胞壁中,从而降低了地上部分对铬的吸收,导致地上部分干重、鲜重的受抑制程度均低于根系,表明根部细胞壁是降低铬在薏米体内积累的重要屏障,也是薏米在低浓度铬胁迫下能够存活的根本保证。     

叶面喷施茉莉酸甲酯对马铃薯微型薯生长及产量的影响

以‘云薯505’马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum ‘Yunshu 505’)为材料,测定马铃薯块茎发育初期四个阶段茉莉酸含量,并以叶面喷施方式,研究茉莉酸甲酯对马铃薯生长和块茎产量的影响。结果表明,马铃薯块茎膨大过程中,茉莉酸的积累水平不断升高。在微型薯生产中,使用100 μmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯在结薯期以不同频率喷施叶面,测量并统计植株、块茎性状及产量变化。结果表明,与对照(CK)相比,1次·d^-1处理茎粗增加36.1%,2次·d^-1处理的叶绿素含量降低20.1%。此外,植株的叶色、茎色、花色、株型等生长性状及块茎大小整齐度、薯形、皮色、肉色、薯皮类型、芽眼深浅、裂薯率、大薯空心率等块茎性状在各组间没有显著差异。2次·d^-1、1次·d^-1、1次·2d^-1、CK四种处理的植株存活率分别为45.57%、100.00%、100.00%、87.29%;前三种喷施频率处理折合产量较CK分别增加-15.61%、8.77%、12.11%。综合分析,马铃薯在块茎形成初期茉莉酸积累水平不断升高,以1次·2d^-1频率叶面喷施100 μmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯,马铃薯微型薯的产量增加最大且不影响生长。     

遮光对地被菊花色苷含量和CmUFGT基因表达的影响

以地被菊品种‘紫重楼’为试材,设置4种光环境梯度:L0(CK,全光照)、L1(80%全光照)、L2(60%全光照)和L3(40%全光照),研究花序不同发育期遮光处理对‘紫重楼’开花过程中叶绿素含量、干重、干重比、花色苷含量、可溶性糖含量和CmUFGT基因表达量的影响,以探讨光在花色苷合成和降解过程中的作用。结果表明:(1)现蕾期、露色期遮光处理下,叶绿素a、b含量随光照强度的降低而逐渐增加,其中L3处理下叶绿素a、b含量显著高于其他处理;盛花期遮光处理下,叶绿素a、b含量随光照强度的降低呈先增后降的趋势,其中L1处理下叶绿素a、b含量极显著高于其他处理。(2)花序干重随着光照强度的降低呈下降趋势,花序干重比呈先升后降的趋势,其中L1处理下花序干重比增加。(3)现蕾期、露色期遮光处理下花色苷含量随着花序发育呈先升后降的变化趋势,盛花期遮光处理下呈下降趋势;花序发育第3、4阶段,光照越强花色苷含量越高;第7、8阶段,光照越弱花色苷含量越高。(4)遮光处理下舌状花可溶性糖含量随着花序发育呈先升后降趋势,其中L1处理下可溶性糖含量增加。(5)遮光处理极显著抑制花序发育第5阶段CmUFGT基因的表达,且表达量随着光照强度的降低而逐渐降低;现蕾期、露色期L1处理下,花序发育第3、4阶段CmUFGT基因表达量降低。研究表明,地被菊花序发育中期(第3、4阶段)轻度遮光(L1)抑制CmUFGT基因表达,促进可溶性糖含量增加,有利于花色苷的合成;花序发育后期(第7、8阶段)重度遮光(L3)有利于缓解花色苷的降解。     

镉在互花米草中积累、转运及亚细胞的分布

研究了在不同Cd浓度(0、5、100、200μg·g-1)处理下,互花米草花序、叶、茎、根茎、须根中Cd含量、积累量、转运特征,及Cd在互花米草体内的亚细胞分布。结果表明,Cd在互花米草不同器官中的积累能力存在较大差异。茎、根茎、须根中Cd含量及积累量随处理浓度的增加而升高,其中须根中Cd含量及积累量均高于其他器官。Cd处理浓度为100gμ·g-1时,花序和叶中Cd含量达到最大值,分别为8.65和7.82μg·g-1。在Cd处理浓度为200μg·g-1时,须根中Cd含量可高达390.00μg·g-1,积累量达3200μg·株-1。Cd在互花米草体内转运能力极低,绝大部分Cd积累在地下部位。Cd在互花米草亚细胞中的分布规律为细胞壁>胞液>细胞器。随着Cd处理浓度的增加,Cd在细胞壁中的分配比例增大,胞液中Cd分布比例则相应减小,细胞壁和胞液相互协调,增强互花米草对重金属Cd的耐性。     

硫硒配施对茎瘤芥生长和营养效应的研究

以茎瘤芥品种‘涪杂1号’为材料,通过盆栽实验探讨不同浓度的硫(S)、硒(Se)配施处理对茎瘤芥干物质积累、矿质元素吸收及膨大茎营养品质的影响,为生产中合理施用硫、硒肥提供理论依据.结果表明:与对照(S0Se0,未施硫硒肥)相比,增施硫、硒肥处理均能显著提高茎瘤芥的根、膨大茎、叶片和单株干物质产量,并以S50Se1[S/Se=50(mg/kg)/1(mg/kg)]和S100Se1的处理效果较好,其单株干物质产量分别比对照显著增加32.3%和36.2%;不同硫、硒浓度配施处理对茎瘤芥13种矿质元素积累的影响不同,主要显著促进了茎、叶对氮、磷、钾、硫、硒的吸收积累,而对其它元素的影响不显著,其中茎、叶的硒含量以S50Se3处理最高,硫含量以S100Se1处理最高;各硫硒配施处理对膨大茎营养品质的影响不同,其中S50Se1和S50Se3处理能显著提高膨大茎有机硒、总氨基酸和粗蛋白含量,而对维生素C和可溶性糖含量无显著影响.可见,适宜的硫硒配施可以明显促进其对矿质元素的吸收,提高植株干物质积累,有效改善茎瘤芥膨大茎营养品质,且硫硒配施用量以S 50mg/kg、Se 1mg/kg为宜.     

伞形科植物上的柄锈菌属新种

本文报告了伞形科植物上三个柄锈菌属新种,它们是辽藁本Ligusticum jeholense Nakai & Kitagawa上的辽藁本柄锈菌Puccinia ligustici-jeholensis J.Y. Zhuang & S.X. Wei ,波棱滇芎Physospermopsis obtusiuscula (C.B. Clarke) Norman上的滇芎柄锈菌 Puccinia physospermopsis J.Y. Zhuang & S.X. Wei和蛇床 Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson上的天山柄锈菌 Puccinia tianshanica J.Y.Zhuang & S.X. Wei。对它们作了拉丁文描述并附简要讨论。模式标本保藏在中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

A Revision of the Genus Ligusticum (Umbelliferae) in China

Ligusticum is a highly specialized genus in the tribe Ammineae Koch of the subfamily Apioideae. It is transitional between the tribe Ammineae Koch and the tribe Peucedaneae DC., and shows a very close affinity to the genus Selinum. In the present paper, the taxonomic history is reviewed; the external morphology, pollen morphology and geographic distribution are analysed, and its evolutionary tendencies are discussed. In addition, a key to the 34 species is provided, and economic uses reported in the literature are summarized. Ligusticum consists of over 60 species widely distributed in Eurasia and North America; the genus is typically temperate. There are two principal distribution centers, one in the Himalayas, including the Hengduan Mountains of western China, and the other in North America. Thirty-four species occur in China, most of which are distributed in the alpine belt of south-western China, with only a few species occurring in northern China. They usually grow in alpine thicket meadows or in alpine meadows. Among them are 28 species endemic to China, 4 of which are described as new in the present paper, i. e. L.yuayuanense, L.litanense, L.filifolium, and L.yunnanense. L.elatum (Edgew.) C. B. Clarke, a species of India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and L. thomsonii C.B.Clarke var. evolutior C. B. Clarke, of India, Pakistan and Kashmir, are reported from China for the first time. Some species are important in traditional Chinese medicine, for example, L. sinense Oliv., L. sinense Oliv. cv. Chuanxiong, L. sinense Oliv. cv. Fuxiong, L. delavayi Franch., L. jeholense (Nakai et Kitagawa) Nakai et Kitagawa, L. tachiroei (Franch. et Sav.) Hiroe et Constance, etc. The genus Tilingia was established by Regel in 1858, based on Tilingia ajanensis. The chief characters of the genus are distinct calyx teeth and carpels bearing a solitary vitta in each furrow. However, these characters do not differentiate Tilingia from Ligusticum, so that Tilingia was transferred to Ligusticum by Kozo-Poljansky in 1916. Tilingia tachiroei (Franch. et Sav.) Kitagawa was transferred to Ligusticum by Hiroe et Constance in 1958. Shan et Sheh in “F1. Reip. Pop. Sin.” Tom. 55 supported the treatment by Kozo-Poljansky and Hiroe and Constance The genus Ligusticopsis was separated from Ligusticum by Leute in 1969, based on the prominent calyx teeth of the former. Ligusticopsis included 14 species, all confined to China. But this genus has not been accepted by any other botanists since its establishment. The subdivision of Ligusticum in this paper is based mainly on the characters of involucel bracteoles and mericarps, combined with the shape and aperture types of pollen grains. The genus is divided into the following two sections. Sect.1 Ligusticum, Bracteoles linear or lanceolate, entire; mericarps slightly lateral-compressed to slightly dorsal-compressed; vittae solitary to numerous in each furrow; leaf-segments ovate, lanceolate, or linear; pollen grains mainly rhomboidal or ellipsoidal; apertures gonitreme. Sect. 2 Pinnatibracteola Pu. Bracteoles 1-3-pinnatisect or 2-3-lobed at apex; mericarps dorsal-compressed; vittae usually numerous in each furrow; leaf-segments usually linear, rarely ovate or lanceolate; pollen grains rectangular, elongate-rhomboidal, or equatorially constricted; apertures mainly peritreme, rarely gonitreme or intermediate.     

东当归对四氯化碳及乙醇性肝损伤的保护作用

研究东当归水提取物对四氯化碳及乙醇所致小鼠SGPT和SGOT活性升高的影响。在四氯化碳及乙醇所致小鼠急性肝损伤的血清中检测SGPT和SGOT值。结果表明,37．5％、75．0％和150．0％东当归水提物在体内显著抑制四氯化碳及乙醇所致小鼠SGPT值和／或SGOT值升高。东当归水提取物对小鼠四氯化碳及乙醇性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

Inhibition of flowering of cucumber grafted on rooted squash stock

For the elucidation of the mechanisms of floral transition in indifferent plants, cucumber seedlings ( Cucumis sativus cv. Rennsei or cv. Shimoshirazu-jibai) were grafted onto squash seedlings ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne X C. moschata Duchesne cv. Shintosa-ichigou) of which the meristems had been removed, and the effect on flower induction on the cucumber scion was examined. In both cultivars, the grafted cucumber bore no flowers, whereas control plants developed flowers above the second to fourth nodes. The inhibition of flower formation on the grafted cucumber scion occurred even when the root of cucumber was left with the squash root on the grafted plant, and flower formation occurred after removal of the squash stock. The inhibitory effect of the squash stock in the presence of the cucumber root was abolished by removal of the squash root. Neither the dry weight of stem plus leaf nor the chlorophyll content of the leaf, as indicators of vegetative growth, were correlated with flower formation on cucumber plants that had been grafted in the presence of cucumber roots on whole, cotyledon-free or root-free squash stock. These results indicate that flower formation in cucumber was inhibited by a factor produced by squash roots, an inhibition probably not involved in the modulation of vegetative growth. The root may control floral transition by the production of inhibitory factors in some day-neutral Cucurbitaceae plants.     

中国内蒙古龙胆属一新种——兴安龙胆(Gentiana hsinganica)

描述了龙胆科龙胆属一新种——兴安龙胆(Gentiana hsinganica),绘制了形态图并与近缘种条叶龙胆(G.manshurica)、三花龙胆(G.triflora)和朝鲜龙胆(G.uchiyamai)做了比较,主要区别特征为:茎生叶3枚轮生,花萼裂片极小并呈三角形,每朵花下的苞片明显长于花萼。     

山东省植物区系新资料

报道了山东省新记录种子植物5种1亚种1变种1变型,即杭州榆、花叶鸡桑、蒙古白头翁、水栒子、关东巧玲花、毛莲蒿、魁蓟、白花长梗韭,分属7科、8属.     

辽藁本(Ligusticum jeholense)幼苗初生维管系统的发育

应用整体透明和石蜡连续切片等方法,对辽藁本幼苗初生维管系统的发育进行了观察。结果表明：该幼苗的轴向器官中,以子叶节区下部的初生维管系统先建立,向下发育形成了下胚轴和根的维管系统;再向上通过子叶节区中、上部的分生组织性组织与第1片真叶的叶迹相连;上胚轴一苗的维管系统向下发育与子叶迹相连,至此构成了该幼苗完整、连续的初生维管系统。此外,对幼苗侧生器官子叶片的三出一叉状脉的形成进行了观察,认为该叶脉序属于原始脉序类型。     

内蒙古被子植物新记录

报道了内蒙古被子植物3个分布新记录种:昆仑锦鸡儿(Caragana polourensis Franch.)、甘肃霸王(Zygophyllum kansuense Y.X.Liou)、口外糙苏(Phlomis jeholensis Nakai et Kitag.)。相关凭证标本均存放于内蒙古大学植物标本馆(HIMC)。     

Studies on the Origin of the Traditional Chinese Drug Fuxiong and Its Relationships with Ligusticum chuanxiong and L. sinense

The vegetative characters of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. cv. Fuxiong are described in comparison with L. chuanxiong Hort. and L. sinense Oliv. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the three taxa were studied in root tip cells by Feulgen’s squash method. Their karyotypes are determined as follows: L. chuanxiong, K(2n)=22=16 m+ 4sm+2st (sat); L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong, K(2n)=33=24 m+6sm+3st (sat); L. sinense, K(2n)=22=12 m+6sm+2sm (sat)+2st (sat). The karyotypic similarities are found between L. chuanxiong and its cultivariety, butthe former is a diploid while the latter probably is a homologous triploid.