傀儡湖18种鱼类全长与体重关系研究（英文）

为了了解中国长江中下游湖泊——傀儡湖(N 31o24′, E 120o51′)鱼类生长的特性,于2013年4月至2015年4月利用地笼、多网目复合刺网和网簖等工具对该水域鱼类进行了月度调查。共捕获鱼类18种,隶属于3科,主要以鲤科鱼类为主。运用最小二乘法对这18种鱼类的全长和体重的回归关系进行拟合,其中3种鱼类全长与体重的回归方程为首次拟合。此外, 15种鱼类的最大全长超过世界鱼类数据库(FishBase)中记录的最大全长。研究提供的鱼类全长与体重回归方程及其参数填补了世界鱼类数据库的空白。     

胶州湾12种饵料鱼类耳石大小与体长的关系

根据2008年11月至2009年8月在胶州湾海域进行的逐月定点底拖网调查, 选择12种常见的饵料鱼类作为研究对象, 运用最小二乘法分析了每种饵料鱼类的体长与耳石形态大小(包括耳石的长度、宽度、长半径和短半径)的关系, 并建立回归方程, 旨在为深入研究高营养级鱼类的摄食生态和食物网营养动力学提供基础资料。研究表明, 12种饵料鱼类的体长与体重均呈显著的幂函数关系(P0.05), 回归系数b值在2.871-3.371, 平均值为3.1590.110 (95% CL), b值最小的鱼种是六丝钝尾虾虎鱼Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, 最大的是细条天竺鲷Apogon lineatus。经检验, Liza haematocheilus和箭鱼衔Callionymus sagitta的b值与3无显著差异(P0.05), 属等速生长; 李氏鱼衔Callionymus richardsonii和六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的b值显著小于3 (P0.05), 属负异速生长; 其余8种鱼类的b值均大于3 (P0.05), 为正异速生长。方差分析表明, 12种鱼类的体长与耳石各个形态参数的回归关系均极显著(P0.01)。在所有48个回归方程中, 有37个方程的决定系数R2值大于0.8, 拟合效果较好; 有9个回归方程的R2值在0.7-0.8; 其余2个回归方程的R2值小于0.7, 拟合效果略差。其中, 各方程拟合效果最好的是六丝钝尾虾虎鱼, 其R2值均接近于1。通过比较同种鱼类各个回归方程的R2值可知, 在这12种饵料鱼类中, 多数鱼种体长与耳石长度和宽度的拟合效果要略好于体长与耳石半径的拟合效果, 因此在实际应用中, 可以通过测量耳石的长度和宽度来推算饵料鱼类的体长等形态参数。另一方面, 由于多数鱼类的耳石比较脆, 尤其是耳石的两端更容易破损, 因此与耳石长度相比, 耳石宽度与体长的回归方程更加适合于实际应用。       

花斑裸鲤年龄鉴定材料的比较与年龄判别

鱼类年龄的准确鉴定是研究鱼类生态学和保护生物学的基础。本文对黄河上游花斑裸鲤(Gymnocypris eckloni)耳石、背鳍条和臀鳞等3种年龄材料的年龄解释一致性以及最佳年龄材料的选择进行了比较和分析,并首次建立了花斑裸鲤低龄个体年龄判别方程。结果表明:花斑裸鲤3种年龄材料上年轮可读性依次是耳石背鳍条臀鳞,最大鉴定年龄分别为25龄、17龄和16龄;对于6龄及以下个体,背鳍条作为年龄鉴定材料更有优势;对7龄及以上个体,耳石效果最佳;同时对6龄及以下个体以全长、体长、体重和空壳重为自变量,采用逐步选择法进行判别分析,最终提取全长和体重建立年龄的分类函数;全部样本正判率和交叉验证正判率显示,该年龄判别模型的正确区分度较高,可用于6龄及以下个体(全长93~259 mm;体重6.25~177.10 g)的年龄判别。     

博斯腾湖鱼类资源组成、体长与体重关系及生长状况

博斯腾湖为西北高原地区湖泊,1958年开始商业化渔业生产,1962年开始鱼类引种工作,半个多世纪以来湖区鱼类资源组成处于不断的变动当中。本文围绕湖区鱼类群落组成动态、当前鱼类的体长与体重关系及种群生长状况开展研究,于2019年春季(4月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(10月),通过渔具采样和渔获物调查相结合的方法,在博斯腾湖共发现鱼类17种,隶属于4目8科,其中?(Hemiculter leucisculus)、池沼公鱼(Hypomesus olidus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)为优势种,鱼类资源结构小型化问题严重。描述了15种鱼类体长-体重关系与生长情况,其中12种鱼类为正异速生长,3种鱼类为负异速生长,优势鱼类的体长-体重关系式参数b值范围2. 95～3. 56,决定系数r2值范围0. 874～0. 997。本研究所得结果可为博斯腾湖鱼类资源保护与可持续利用提供基础资料和科学支撑。     

上海大莲湖鱼类群落组成及生物多样性

于2009年4月11—19日、4月27—5月8日和5月20—29日3个时间段对大莲湖的鱼类群落特征及其多样性组成进行了调查,共收集鱼类样本24061尾,隶属11科17属22种。群落优势种为鲫(Carassius auratus),占样本个体总数的76.38%;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)为1.0027,Simpson优势度指数(λ)为0.5959,Pielous均匀度指数(J′)为0.3244,Margalef种类丰富度指标(D)为2.0816,相对稀有种数(R)为90.91%;鱼类群落可分为3个生态类型:江海洄游性鱼类有3种、河湖洄游性鱼类1种和定居性鱼类18种。鱼类食性可分为5种类型:食鱼性鱼类9种、食无脊椎动物性鱼类2种、杂食性鱼类7种、食浮游生物性鱼类有3种和草食性鱼类1种。研究结果表明:大莲湖鱼类群落的多样性指标处于较低水平,稳定性较低;相对于黄埔江下游地区,大莲湖的食鱼性鱼类比例较高,说明位于黄浦江上游的大莲湖之水质好于下游流域。为保护和持续利用大莲湖鱼类资源,应加强监管和对生态环境的保护。     

徽水河宽鳍的年龄、生长和繁殖

认识鱼类的生活史特征及其对生态环境变化的响应,是鱼类物种保护与资源合理利用的基础。于2009年5月至2010年4月研究了黄山地区徽水河中宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)的年龄、生长和繁殖。共采集标本352尾,雌雄性比为0.49∶1,与1∶1差异显著。以鳞片为年龄鉴定材料,雌、雄个体的最大寿命均为3龄;年轮主要形成于3月份。全长和体重呈幂函数关系,两性间无显著性差异,关系式表达为W=6×10–6L3.10;全长和鳞径呈线性关系,且两性间差异显著,关系式分别表达为L♀=29.58R+38.84和L♂=33.17R+34.99;2龄个体的退算全长在雌、雄两性间无显著性差异。繁殖时间为4—7月份;2龄时达50%初次性成熟,其个体全长为98.22(雌)和105.69 mm(雄);绝对繁殖力为(758±362)卵粒,相对繁殖力为(77.38±22.15)卵粒/g。同已有的少量研究资料相比较,徽水河宽鳍鱲的年龄结构较北京地区种群的相对简单,个体生长较同为黄山地区的浦溪河种群相对快速,这种生活史特征差异可能是生态环境空间异质性的作用结果,但有关宽鳍鱲各生活史特征之间的权衡及其对生态环境的响应还有待于进一步研究。     

GAM模型和BRT模型在长江口鱼类群落多样性预测中的比较

长江口为西太平洋最大的河口,评估其鱼类群落多样性分布能够为长江口生态系统的修复和管理提供科学依据.本研究基于2012—2014年长江口渔业监测数据,分别使用GAM模型和BRT模型建立各站点水域鱼类群落多样性指数与环境和时空因子之间的关系.结合线性回归方程,采用交叉验证的方式对模型的预测能力和拟合效果进行评价,并绘制了2014年长江口鱼类群落多样性指数和丰富度指数的空间分布图.结果表明: 盐度、pH和叶绿素a对多样性指数贡献最高,pH、溶解氧和叶绿素a是对丰富度指数贡献率最高的环境因子.BRT模型对于多样性指数和丰富度指数的拟合和预测结果均优于GAM模型.空间分布预测显示,相较于GAM模型,BRT模型能够对长江口小面积水域间的鱼类群落多样性作更好的区分,河口外侧水域的鱼类群落多样性明显高于河口内侧水域,而北支水域的多样性高于南支水域.     

白鲢的鳞长与体重及外部形态性状的关系

为了全面地了解鱼类鳞片在鱼类生长及鱼类学的研究中的作用,本文研究了白鲢的鳞片生长与体重及形态可量性状生长的关系。结果表明:白鲢的鳞长与体重、鳞长与24个形态可量性状都呈显著的相关关系,可以从鳞片材料上反映出白鲢体型的基本特征和生长情况。在每尾鱼体上,只要测得体长、全长及鳞长便可预测此尾鱼其它可量性状及体重的数值。这将给鱼类数量分类学及鱼体生长的研究提供简捷方便的途径。 本文还讨论了白鲢的长度与体重关系的表达式,建议应根据具体情况,对鱼体长度指标——全长与体长进行选用。     

大菱鲆幼鱼表型形态性状与体重之间的关系

随机选取1120尾3月龄大菱鲆幼鱼,测量其体长、全长、体高、头长、吻尖至鳃裂前缘长、尾柄长、尾柄高、体厚、体重等9个性状,计算各性状间的相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算以表型形态性状为自变量对体重作依变量的通径系数、决定系数及复相关指数, 对各性状的影响大小进行剖分,明确影响大菱鲆三月龄幼鱼体重的主要外部形态性状,为大菱鲆选育提供理论依据和理想的测度指标.结果表明:所测各表型性状与体重之间的相关系数均达到极其显著水平(P＜0.01＝;全长对体重的直接影响(R=0.702)最大, 对体重的决定程度(R2=51.84%)最高,是影响体重的主要因素;体高、体厚对体重的直接作用 (0.211 ,0.094)相对较小,主要通过体长的间接作用(0.5558,0.4342)影响体重.所选表型性状对体重的回归系数R2=0.911,表明所选性状是影响体重的主要性状.利用逐步回归分析方法建立以体长、体高、体厚为自变量估计体重的多元回归回归方程为:y=-6.216 1.294x1 0.518x2 1.293x3[动物学报 54(3):540-545,2008].     

岱衢洋渔业动物多样性分析

根据2007年4—11月对岱衢洋进行的4个航次的底拖网、定置刺网与蟹笼调查数据,分析了该海域渔业动物物种的多样性及其资源动态。结果表明:(1)3种作业方式共发现渔业动物98种,其中,鱼类57种、虾蟹类32种、头足类3种、其他类6种,隶属于4门7纲20目53科。(2)底拖网调查共发现渔业动物68种,分别为鱼类38种、虾蟹类23种、头足类2种、其他类5种,隶属于4门7纲18目42科;4月份的物种丰富度指数(D)与8月份、11月份之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);总生物量与总尾数密度的最大值都出现在8月份,且与5月份、11月份均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);龙头鱼在4个调查月份中均为优势种,其中8月份的平均体重与其他3个月份之间差异显著(P<0.05)。根据底拖网调查结果,岱衢洋渔业动物群落以暖温性鱼类与广温广盐性甲壳类(虾蟹类与其他类中的口虾蛄)为主,种类数较少,多样性(H′)较低(P<0.01)。     

Length‐weight and length‐length relationships of five fish species from the Zigui section of the lower Three Gorges Reservoir,Hubei Province,China

This paper provides the length‐weight and length–length relationships for five fish species in the Zigui section of the lower Three Gorges Reservoir of the Yangtze River. Specimens were collected from December 2014 to January 2017, using various types of fishing gear and electroshock fishing techniques. Length‐weight relationships (LWRs) for one fish species and Length–length relationships (LLRs) for five fish species are unknown to FishBase. New maximum total lengths for four species were also recorded for FishBase. Moreover, standard‐length to total‐length equations for converting size measurements for these five species are presented.     

Length–weight relationships of seven fish species from the upper Pelus River,Kuala Kangsar district,Perak, Malaysia

Length–weight relationships (LWR) are reported for seven fish species from the upper Pelus River, Kuala Kangsar district, Perak, Malaysia. This river is located in a remote area and supplies fishes for the aboriginal peoples. Fish samplings were conducted in three different seasons, the dry (June 2014), wet (August 2014), and moderately wet (April 2015). All samples were collected using fish electro–shocker and scoop nets with a 1 cm mesh size. A total of seven LWRs were unknown to FishBase, and four new maximum fish lengths were identified in the study.     

Length–weight relationships of three freshwater cyprinid fish species from Chalakudy River,South Western Ghats,India

This paper provides length‐weight relationships (LWRs) for three freshwater cyprinid fish species: Barbodes carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849), Hypselobarbus kolus (Sykes, 1839) and Tor khudree (Sykes, 1839) from the Chalakduy River in South Western Ghats of India. Fish samples were collected on a monthly basis between April 2011 to March 2012 using gill nets of different mesh sizes (3.5–10 cm). LWRs for these three species had not been previously reported in FishBase.     

Length‐weight relationships of six fishes from the Anning River,China

This paper provides the length–weight relationships for six fish species collected from the Anning River, one of the biggest tributaries of the Yalong River in China. A total of 1096 specimens belonging to six fish species were analyzed. Among them, the length–weight relationships for 4 fish species are first‐time reports for FishBase and new maximum lengths of one fish species is also reported.     

Length–weight relationship of 37 fish species from the Taquari River (Paranapanema Basin,Brazil)

This work describes the length–weight relationship (LWR) of 37 fish species from the Taquari River, one of the tributaries of the Jurumirim Reservoir in the high Paranapanema Basin, São Paulo, Brazil. Information was not yet available in FishBase on LWRs of 22 of the fish species and maximum weights (Wt) of 24 of the fish species. New maximum standard lengths are presented for nine species as well as weights for two fish species.     

Length–weight and length–length relationships of 20 fish species from the upper Yangtze River,southwest China

Length–weight (LWR) and length–length (LLR) relationships were estimated for 20 species of fish from the upper Yangtze River, southwest China. Samples were collected using multiple types of gear (2–6 cm mesh trammel nets, 2 cm mesh trap nets, and baited hooks) in Jiangjin and Yibin sections from 2007 to 2009. New maximum lengths for 16 species were recorded for FishBase. LWRs were significant for all species. Standard length–total length equations for converting size measurements for these 20 species are also presented. The results provide primary data for future fish research and conservation.     

Length–weight relationships for six fish species from the middle of the Yalu Tsangpo River,China

This paper reports the length–weight relationships for six fish species belonging to the Cyprinidae from the middle of the Yalu Tsangpo River in China. Samples were obtained by electroshock and drift net fishing techniques (mesh size 2 cm × 3 cm; 200 m net length) in April and September to October 2014. Length–weight relationships estimates for these species were not available in FishBase. A total of 737 specimens were used to estimate the a and b parameters. New maximum total lengths are also reported for six species. The r² values range from 0.98 to 0.99. Values of b vary from 2.88 to 3.19.     

Length–weight and length–length relationships for common fish and crayfish species in the Everglades,Florida, USA

Length–weight and length–length relationships are reported for 18 species of fish and two species of crayfish within the Everglades, FL, USA. This study provides updated relationships for native species, as well as initial relationships for established exotic species in this region. Additionally, 14 length–weight and two length–length relationships are presented to FishBase for the first time.     

Weight–length relationships for 38 fish species of Barra de Navidad coastal lagoon,Jalisco, Mexico

Weight–length relationships are reported for 38 species of teleost fish belonging to 20 families. Data were collected on a regular basis from February 2011 to January 2012 in the Barra de Navidad coastal lagoon, Jalisco, Mexico. Several different types of sampling gear were used to obtain a broad range of fish lengths. These are the first records in FishBase regarding weight–lengths for eight of the species.     

Length–weight relationships of 10 freshwater fish species from an intermittent river basin,semi‐arid region,Brazil

The length–weight relationships for 10 freshwater fish species from an intermittent river basin in a semi‐arid region of Brazil were analyzed. Specimens were caught using a dragnet (3.5 × 2.5; stretched mesh size 5 mm) during running and pool phases from January to November 2015. The specimens were measured for total length and weight. Previously unavailable in FishBase, the detailed length–weight relationships of Compsura heterura, Phenacogaster calverti, and Serrapinnus piaba are reported for the first time. All fish collected presented total lengths (TL) lower than the maximum reported in FishBase.