中国花蚤科(鞘翅目)系统学研究进展

花蚤科Mordellidae隶属昆虫纲Insecta鞘翅目Coleoptera,是一类小型甲虫。花蚤为世界性分布,全世界已知115属2308种。花蚤成虫多栖息于花中,是植物传花授粉的重要媒介;其幼虫多取食植物茎秆,是常见的农业害虫。因此,对其开展系统学研究,进行准确的种类鉴定对于农林业生产具有重要意义。目前世界范围内已开展的花蚤科研究均为区域性工作,相对其它动物地理区而言,东洋区尚有大量的种类有待发现和描述,同时也缺少全面的区系研究和系统的分类修订工作。另外,花蚤科是鞘翅目昆虫系统树上的关键节点之一,对其进行深入的形态、分子研究,重建其系统发育以修订完善鞘翅目高级阶元分类系统,也将对中国鞘翅目系统分类研究提供参考,对农林害虫防治工作提供借鉴。     

白垩纪中期缅甸琥珀中陆生腹足类化石的新发现

腹足类化石在地层中丰富且常见,但在琥珀中保存较少。文中描述了产自白垩纪中期缅甸琥珀中的陆生腹足类化石2属2种:Euthema naggsi Yu, Wang and Pan, 2018, Truncatellina dilatatus sp. nov.。这些陆生腹足类新材料的发现,提高了缅甸琥珀中陆生腹足类物种多样性,并进一步印证了白垩纪中期缅甸琥珀森林温暖潮湿的热带雨林环境。     

皮蠹科昆虫化石研究进展

皮蠹科化石主要发现于新生代波罗的海和多米尼加琥珀,以及中生代和新生代欧洲、北美等地的湖相遗迹化石中,近期在白垩纪缅甸琥珀中发现了大量皮蠹科化石。本文回顾了世界皮蠹科昆虫化石研究进展,统计了已发表的化石属种,探讨了皮蠹科昆虫化石分布的地质年代及地层,简要介绍了皮蠹科昆虫的分类系统,并提出了目前皮蠹科化石研究中有待解决的问题。     

白垩纪中期克钦琥珀毛蚊科(双翅目:毛蚊总科)昆虫一新属新种

毛蚊科是双翅目长角亚目的一类昆虫,其种类丰富,广布世界各地.毛蚊化石记录较为丰富,但往往都是保存于湖相沉积地层中,琥珀中的化石较为罕见.本文根据缅甸北部克钦地区产出的白垩纪中期琥珀中保存的昆虫标本建立了 1新属新种——缅甸白垩叉毛蚊(Cretpenthetria burmensis gen.et sp.nov.),归入...     

缅甸白垩纪中期细腰亚目昆虫化石

琥珀是植物树脂经漫长的地质演变形成的化石,对研究中-新生代陆地生物的系统发育和生物学具有无可比拟的意义。近年来,产自白垩纪中期缅甸的琥珀尤其珍贵,其中包括众多精美的细腰亚目(膜翅目)昆虫标本。简要介绍缅甸琥珀的地质背景,详细阐述缅甸琥珀细腰亚目代表性类群冠蜂科(Stephanidae)、缅甸冠蜂科(Myanmarommatidae)、姬蜂科(Ichneumonidae)、长腹细蜂科(Pelecinidae)、旗腹蜂科(Evaniidae)和举腹蜂科(Aulacidae)的最新研究进展。     

白垩纪中期缅甸琥珀蜚蠊目昆虫一新种(蜚蠊目: 自由蜚蠊科)

文中根据产自白垩纪中期缅甸琥珀中的一块蜚蠊标本,建立一新种Stavba vrsanskyi sp. nov.,归入自由蜚蠊科(Liberiblattinidae)。新种与Stavba babkaeva Vr?anskáand Vr?ansky, 2019不同之处在于其头部近三角形,前翅R脉简单且无二级分支, M脉分支较少。新材料的发现进一步增加了白垩纪缅甸琥珀中蜚蠊的生物多样性。     

京西早白垩世花蚤化石(昆虫纲,鞘翅目)

根据采自北京市房山区下白垩统卢尚坟组的一块花蚤化石,建立化石花蚤－新属Ｃｒｅｔａｎｓａｐｉｓ,讨论了花蚤科昆虫在早期演化中的一些特点,认为在早白垩世花蚤由单一的爬行运动开始向爬行－跳跃复合的运动方式转变,并对相关化石花蚤类以及现代舟花蚤类昆虫的分类位置进行了讨论。     

缅甸北部克钦琥珀中的蜻蜓目化石

近五年,缅甸北部白垩纪中期克钦琥珀中相继发现了数百枚蜻蜓目化石,包含现生蜻蜓目三个亚目类群,目前已发表16科29属35种,在所有已知琥珀记录中数量和多样性最高。克钦琥珀中的蜻蜓目以均翅亚目(豆娘)为主,以Burmahemiphlebia zhangi最为常见,不少现生豆娘的化石记录也首次在克钦琥珀中发现,包括Perilestidae,Platycnemididae和Platystictidae等。此外,克钦琥珀中发现了一些中生代沉积岩中常见的蜻蜓目类群,如Araripegomphidae, Gomphaeschnidae和Stenophlebiidae等,指示克钦琥珀的时代可能为早白垩世晚期。这些发现为探讨蜻蜓目部分类群的起源、演化和揭示生物古地理提供了有力证据。     

白垩纪中期缅甸琥珀内真水龙骨类鳞片化石的发现及其意义

在白垩纪中期(～100 Ma)缅甸琥珀中首次报道了蕨类植物鳞片化石。该鳞片化石为基部着生,鳞片细胞壁均存在不同程度加厚,为筛孔状鳞片类型。根据最新的现代蕨类植物系统发育树,结合鳞片的演化趋势及鳞片化石的形态解剖特点分析,认为该鳞片化石来自真水龙骨类。这一发现表明真水龙骨类在白垩纪中期就已经出现了多样性分化。     

缅甸北部克钦白垩纪中期琥珀中的蜡蝉化石一新属新种: Ayaimatum trilobatum gen. et sp. nov.(半翅目: 蜡蝉总科: 拟蛛蜡蝉科)

根据缅甸北部克钦地区产出的白垩纪中期琥珀中保存的蜡蝉,建立了1新属1新种——三瓣残缺蜡蝉(Ayaimatum trilobatum gen. et sp. nov.),该新属新种属于白垩纪的拟蛛蜡蝉科(Mimarachnidae)。本文对拟蛛蜡蝉科的属种记录进行了综述,同时探讨了这一灭绝科属种的多样性和形态分异。     

Burmese amber: evidence of Gondwanan origin and Cretaceous dispersion

Abstract

Burmese amber is an extremely important source of mid-Cretaceous plant and animal remains with over 870 species of organisms, ranging from protozoa to vertebrates, described from this source. The amber mines are located on the West Burma Block that according to geologists was originally part of Gondwana. The present study introduces some angiosperms and insects in Burmese amber whose closest extant relatives have a Gondwanan distribution and there is no previous evidence of a Laurasian distribution. Based on this evidence, it is proposed that organisms in Burmese amber represent a selection of tropical to subtropical life forms that inhabited the interconnected continents of Gondwana in the Early Cretaceous. Based on the fossil record of angiosperms and their diversity in Burmese amber, the West Burma Block could not have rafted from Gondwana to SE Asia before the Early Cretaceous.     

白垩纪中期缅甸琥珀昆虫行为生态学研究进展

缅甸琥珀生物群产自距今约98.8Ma的白垩纪中期,该生物群是世界上物种多样性很高的琥珀生物群之一,为了解白垩纪中期生物多样性和古生态提供了重要窗口。文中以近年来缅甸琥珀地层学、琥珀生物学研究为依据,总结缅甸琥珀形成环境,并对缅甸琥珀揭示的昆虫与植物的协同演化、昆虫的捕食、社会性证据、寄生、求偶和结构色等方面的研究结果进行总结,以期较全面地综述缅甸琥珀的古环境和昆虫行为生态学特征。     

Palaeodisparoneura cretacica sp. nov., a new damselfly (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

Abundant odonatans have been discovered from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, and Burma has played an important role in early damselfly diversification during the mid-Cretaceous. In this paper, a new damselfly, Palaeodisparoneura cretacica sp. nov., is described from Burmese amber. It is the second species of the extinct genus Palaeodisparoneura Poinar, Bechly et Buckley, 2010. P. cretacica sp. nov. differs from P. burmanica Poinar, Bechly et Buckley, 2010 in having more postnodal and postsubnodal crossveins, the base of IR1 being more cells distal of the base of RP2, a hyaline pterostigma and a longer RP3/4. Our find increases the diversity of damselflies during the mid-Cretaceous.     

The first cupedine beetle from Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cupedidae)

A rare archaic beetle, Mallecupes qingqingae gen. et sp. n., (Insecta: Coleoptera: Archostemata: Cupedidae) is described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. It shows affinity with Paracupes found in South America today and ‘Paracupes’ found in North America during the Cretaceous. Archostemata are diverse in Burmese amber.     

Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber pelecinid wasps (Hymenoptera,Pelecinidae) support the hypothesis of an Asian origin of the family

A new species of pelecinid wasp, Eopelecinus marechali sp. nov., is described and figured from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber based on a single well-preserved female specimen. Contrary to Eopelecinus inopinatus Jouault et al., 2020a, unique other Eopelecinus known from this deposit, the new species is based on a complete female specimen. This discovery confirms that the Pelecinidae were highly diverse during the Cretaceous and highlights the underestimated diversity of the genus Eopelecinus in Burmese amber biota. Eopelecinus marechali sp. nov. differs from all other Eopelecinus species by its unique metasomal ratio. A summary on the fossil pelecinid species with distributions and ages is provided. Based on the particular geological history of the West Burmese Terrane and the fossil record of the family, the hypothesis of an Asian origin of the family is discussed. The records of Eopelecinus in both Laurasia and Burmese amber biota, during the mid-Cretaceous, suggest that possible transfers of fauna have taken place between these two geological blocks.     

Four new Laniatorean harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

Four new laniatorean harvestmen specimens (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores) are described from the mid-Cretaceous (upper Albian–lower Cenomanian) Burmese amber of Northern Myanmar. One is placed as Insidiatores indet., but is not formally named as it is probably immature. Burmalomanius circularis n. gen. n. sp. and Petroburma tarsomeria n. gen. n. sp. represent the first fossil records of the extant families Podoctidae and Petrobunidae respectively. Finally, Mesodibunus tourinhoae n. gen. n. sp. belongs to Epedanidae, a family previously recorded from Burmese amber. These new records bring the total number of Burmese amber laniatorean species to ten, and the total number of fossil laniatoreans to fifteen. The new finds offer additional calibration points for the Laniatores tree of life and are consistent with the hypothesis that the modern Laniatores fauna of Southeast Asia may have had Gondwanan, as opposed to a Laurasian, origins.     

A new anaxyelid wood wasp (Hymenoptera: ‘Symphyta’) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

A new genus and species of anaxyelid wasp is described and figured from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber as Curvitexis kopylovi gen. et sp. nov. The placement of this new genus within the Anaxyelidae is corroborated by its wing venation and the configuration of its mesosoma. This new genus differs from all other Syntexinae from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber biota, inter alia, owing to its forewing with the vein 1Rs curved and longer than 1M, the crossvein 1r-rs absent, the vein 2Rs + M present; the hind wing with the abscissa 2M + Cu present, the vein m-cu absent, and the cell r closed. The recently described Paraxiphydria resinata Gao et al., 2022 is transferred to Anaxyelidae: Syntexinae, and the subfamily Paraxiphydriinae Gao et al., 2022 is synonymized under Syntexinae.     

SCHIZOPTERID BUGS (INSECTA: HETEROPTERA) IN MID-CRETACEOUS AMBERS FROM FRANCE and MYANMAR (BURMA)

Abstract:  Bugs of two new genera and species are described as Buzinia couillardi and Tanaia burmitica . They are preserved in mid-Cretaceous amber from south-west France and northern Myanmar (Burma), respectively ( c . 100 Ma). These are the first formally described fossils of the heteropteran family Schizopteridae. Both belong to the subfamily Hypselosomatinae and are very similar to the extant genus Hypselosoma Reuter, providing evidence for the antiquity and morphological stability of this small bug family and the infraorder Dipsocoromorpha. Given the putative ecology of the fossils, a discussion is provided on the French and Burmese amber forest ecosystems. The geological setting of La Buzinie, a new amber deposit in south-west France that yielded the two specimens of Buzinia couillardi , is outlined.