中国白蜡虫(Ericerus pela Chavannes)泌蜡量研究

通过对我国不同地区繁育的白蜡虫泌蜡实验,表明云南、四川、贵州三省白蜡虫泌蜡量多,其它省区的白蜡虫泌蜡量少。据此建议生产部门在以上三省大力提倡发展白蜡虫生产。     

基因工程蓝藻产蜡酯的研究

蜡酯属于生物体内积累的一类氧酯, 是由长链脂肪酸和长链脂肪醇酯化形成的, 具有多种生物功能。比如在植物表面抵抗干旱, 阻挡紫外线, 防止病原侵袭, 在鲸体内帮助调节浮力和传播声音, 在有些植物果实中作为能量储存。从动植物中提纯的液体蜡酯对人类有重要的用途,譬如做精密仪器的高级润滑剂, 或做药物、化妆品和食品的添加剂, 市场需求大, 被称之为液体黄金。过去, 液体蜡酯的获得主要是从大型海洋动物鲸体内提取。       

白蜡虫马氏管的超微结构

白蜡虫Ericerus Pela的马氏管由两条黄色膨泡串状的端管和一条公共管构成,通过公共管与消化道相连。端管和公共管细胞结构相似,都具有非胶原质的基膜,高度发达的基褶, 长而致密的微绒毛,微绒毛无线粒体插入,细胞质中线粒体少,且随机分布。细胞质的绝大部分为两种矿质-尿酸颗粒结晶所占据,一种为不规则结晶,另一种为轮纹状结晶。白蜡虫马氏管可能发生了合胞化,其排泄方式可能是一种以滞留排泄为主,离子梯度排泄方式为辅的特有的排泄方式。     

Painting the rye genome with genome-specific sequences

We used rye-specific repetitive DNA sequences in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to paint the rye genome and to identify rye DNA in a wheat background. A 592 bp fragment from the rye-specific dispersed repetitive family R173 (named UCM600) was cloned and used as a FISH probe. UCM600 is dispersed over the seven rye chromosomes, being absent from the pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. A similar pattern of distribution was also observed on the rye B chromosomes, but with weaker signals. The FISH hybridization patterns using UCM600 as probe were comparable with those obtained with the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) procedure. There were, however, sharper signals and less background with FISH. UCM600 was combined with the rye-specific sequences Bilby and pSc200 to obtain a more complete painting. With these probes, the rye chromosomes were labeled with distinctive patterns; thus, allowing the rye cultivar 'Imperial' to be karyotyped. It was also possible to distinguish rye chromosomes in triticale and alien rye chromatin in wheat-rye addition and translocation lines. The distribution of UCM600 was similar in cultivated rye and in the wild Secale species Secale vavilovii Grossh., Secale sylvestre Host, and Secale africanum Stapf. Thus, UCM600 can be used to detect Secale DNA introgressed from wild species in a wheat background.