东江水系浮游植物功能群季节动态特征及影响因子

2009年12月至2010年9月对东江水系进行了枯水期、平水期、丰水期的三次浮游藻类采集, 以分析浮游藻类功能群组成、季节变化特征及影响其季节变化的物理因子。结果表明, 东江水系浮游藻类在样品中出现频率大于10%的物种归入14个功能群, 分别是J、X2、P、W2、H1、MP、D、F、C、LO、W1、N、X1和 M。其中优势功能群是J、X2、P、W2、H1、MP、D、F、C、LO和 M。浮游藻类功能群组成明显随季节变化, 枯水期时功能群MP、D、P、X2、F、J和W2占优势; 丰水期时, 功能群MP、J、H1、LO占优势。除功能群理论中提到的营养(碳氮硅)、光照强度和生物作用(滤食)外, 水体物理因子——溶氧、水温、pH、TDS也是影响浮游藻类功能群季节动态的重要环境因子。研究表明温带湖泊调查提出的浮游藻类功能群概念用于河流生态系统浮游植物的研究是合适的。       

武昌湖浮游植物功能群演替特征及水质评价

为了解武昌湖浮游植物功能群的季节演替特征及其影响因子,于2019年12月—2020年10月对武昌湖进行季度采样,应用浮游植物功能群方法分析了武昌湖浮游植物功能群组成、时空变化,运用典范对应分析(CCA)、方差分解分析等方法,分析了影响功能群演替的关键因子,并运用集合指数(Q指数)和综合营养状态指数(TLI)评价湖泊水质。结果表明：调查期间武昌湖共检出浮游植物9门343种,根据功能群分类法可分为25个功能群,其中优势功能群18组,分别为A、B、D、P、MP、T、T_B、S1、S_N、X3、Y、E、H1、J、L_O、M、W1和W2;优势功能群的季节演替规律为P、E(冬)→W1、MP(春)→D、L_O(夏)→D(秋);CCA分析结果显示,环境变量对浮游植物功能群分布起决定作用,其中水深、水温、电导率、透明度、氮营养盐(TN、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N)是主要影响因子;不...     

博斯腾湖浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因子分析

2011年对博斯腾湖大湖区17个采样站位的浮游植物及水体主要理化因子进行了4次系统调查。结果表明, 在17个站位共鉴定出浮游植物127种（属）, 其中优势种（属）9种。浮游植物群落全年均以硅藻为主导, 冬、春季节, 浮游植物组成呈硅藻-甲藻型, 优势类群主要为贫-中营养型浮游藻类, 到夏、秋季节逐渐形成硅藻-绿藻型, 以富营养型的浮游藻类为优势类群。浮游植物总平均生物量为（2.512.95） mg/L, 生物量季节变动显著, 峰值出现在夏季, 冬季最低。基于Canoco的多变量分析表明: 环境变量共解释了浮游植物群落总变异的54.5%, 水温是影响浮游植物分布最重要的环境因子, 其次为枝角类丰度。水中氮含量是影响浮游植物丰度的主要因子, 同时浮游植物对水体有机物含量也有较大的影响。       

贵州高原猫跳河流域浮游植物功能群组成特征及其与环境因子之间的关系

猫跳河是典型喀斯特河流,其下游水库为贵阳市重要饮用水源。为探究猫跳河流域浮游植物功能群组成的动态变化特征及其与环境因子的相关性,基于冗余分析、相关性分析方法,于2020年6月、8月和11月对浮游植物与理化指标进行采样分析。结果表明：猫跳河流域调查期间共检出浮游植物7门67种(属),其中绿藻门种类最多;浮游植物群落结构呈时空异构,各采样断面浮游植物细胞丰度变化范围为0.11×10⁶～17.71×10⁶ cells·L^-1,生物量变化范围为29.85～1256.16μg·L^-1;猫跳河流域浮游植物可划分为24个功能群,其中B、MP、S1、Y和D为猫跳河流域主要优势功能群,功能群D的生物量在8月达到峰值1256.85μg·L^-1,主要优势功能群适应生境均为浑浊的中富营养水体;浮游植物功能群呈现显著时间演替特征。冗余分析结果显示：水温、pH和电导率是影响猫跳河流域浮游植物功能类群动态分布的主要环境因素。     

太湖水库蓄水前后浮游植物群落结构特征

为了解太湖水库蓄水前和蓄水后浮游植物群落结构特征以及水质状况, 分别于蓄水前(2014年6月)和蓄水后(2019年3月)进行水样采集, 分析浮游植物群落结构特征和水质状况, 并对浮游植物进行功能群划分。结果表明: ①太湖水库蓄水前共检测出浮游植物1门21种, 其中所有种类均属于硅藻门; 蓄水后共检测出浮游植物4门25种。蓄水前呈现河流型特征, 蓄水后呈现河流型和水库型双重特征。②太湖水库蓄水前共归类出5个功能类群, 分别为D、LO、MP、P、X3; 蓄水后共归类出8个功能类群, 分别为D、J、LO、MP、P、T、X1、X3。浮游植物功能群演替明显: 蓄水前MP+P+D→蓄水后P。③通过RDA分析得出, 太湖水库蓄水前水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)和化学需氧量(CODCr)是影响浮游植物分布的主要环境因子; 蓄水后总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、悬浮物(SS)、透明度(SD)是主要环境因子。多样性指数和综合营养状态指数表明蓄水前和蓄水后太湖水库均处于中营养, 水库建坝蓄水后水质变差, 并对下游产生不利影响。      

湖北长湖夏、秋季浮游生物功能群特征及主要影响因子

为了解长湖浮游生物功能群特征及其主要影响因子, 于2017年7月(夏)及10月(秋)对长湖进行2次采样调查, 并结合冗余分析法(Redundancy analysis, RDA)和Pearson相关性分析法分析了浮游生物功能群的主要影响因子。结果显示, 鉴定出浮游植物7门49属, 共95种, 划分为25个浮游植物功能群, 平均密度为5.12×106 ind./L, 平均生物量为1.663 mg/L; 鉴定出浮游动物3门41属, 共59种, 划分为8个浮游动物功能群, 平均密度为3.76×103 ind./L, 平均生物量为2.803 mg/L。从功能群的平均密度和生物量来看, 夏季显著高于秋季(P＜0.01), 其中夏季H1站位浮游动物功能群的密度最高, 秋季Y4站位的浮游生物密度和生物量均较高, 且存在功能群A、LCF向E和K的演替趋势。从优势功能群种类来看, B、D、J、L₀、MP、P、T_C、PF、RF及SCF是夏、秋两季的共有优势功能群, 其中L₀、T_C、RF及PF是绝对优势功能群。综合各功能群的主要代表种构成及其适应的生境特征表明, 长湖鱼类对浮游生物的摄食压力较大且水质仍处于富营养化状态。冗余分析结果显示, TN、TP及DO为影响长湖浮游生物功能群的主要环境因子, 水温及pH也与多数功能群呈明显正相关性。Pearson相关性分析结果显示, 浮游植物功能群B、D、J、L₀、Y及浮游动物PF、RF、SCF等彼此间多数具有极显著的相关性(P＜0.01), 竞争及捕食等生物活动对功能群特征影响较明显。     

新安江(安徽段)及其支流丰水期浮游植物功能群

于2016年、2017年丰水期对新安江(安徽段)及其支流进行水样采集,在分析浮游植物群落组成的基础上,进行了功能群划分。结果表明:调查断面的浮游植物隶属于6门55属,以硅藻门、蓝藻门和绿藻门为主要优势门类,其中硅藻门中舟形藻属、异极藻属、针杆藻属和小环藻属,绿藻门的新月藻属以及裸藻门的裸藻属具有较高的相对丰度;聚类分析表明,不同采样断面、不同年份间浮游植物群落结构存在一定差异;全部河流断面中,优势藻类共划分为27个功能群,其中MP、D、B、J、P、Tb和W1在所有采样断面均有分布,MP、D、B和Tb功能群不仅分布频率高,而且具有较高的相对丰度;整体上,调查断面水质介于I类与III类之间,个别断面水质低于III类,依据浮游植物优势功能群划分所对应的水质多为低或中等营养状态,与测定的水化学参数具有较好的对应关系; RDA分析表明,优势功能群与水体氨氮、总氮、总磷和CODMn相关;浮游植物功能群能很好地指示新安江及其支流的河流生境特征。从生物学与水环境化学的角度进行水质监测,可为准确掌握新安江流域水质变动以及水生态保护提供基础数据与理论依据。     

呼兰河湿地夏、秋两季浮游植物功能分组演替及其驱动因子

于2012年夏、秋两季把呼兰河湿地划分为湿地保护区、湿地农业区、湿地工业区三部分,根据不同生境设置采样点并进行浮游植物标本采集。研究期间共鉴定浮游植物191个分类单位,隶属于7门9纲19目28科69属。浮游植物种类组成主要以硅藻门种类数最多(43%),绿藻门其次(28%),另外裸藻门(17.2%)和蓝藻门(8.3%)也占较大的比例。浮游植物丰度从夏季的1.23×10~7个/L上升为秋季的1.98×10~7个/L,两季平均1.6×10~7个/L。夏、秋两季共划分浮游植物功能分组19个,X1/W2/MP/Lo/J组藻种在夏、秋两季中均有稳定的出现,并占较大丰度比例,H1/Y/W1组的藻种只在特定的季节或地点出现,D/P/TB组藻种虽出现的频率较高但相对丰度较低。代表性功能分组从夏季的H1/MP/Lo/TB/J/G演替为秋季的MP/W2/X1/J/W1/Y。在采集浮游标本的同时,对电导率(SpCond)、总磷(TP)、水温(WT)等环境因子进行监测。利用典范对应分析探讨环境因子与浮游植物功能分组间的相互关系。研究结果显示,电导率,总磷和水温是驱动呼兰河湿地浮游植物功能组演替的主要环境因素。     

苏州河浮游植物群落恢复的生境条件研究

于2005年4月至2006年5月期间对苏州河浮游植物群落及理化因子进行研究,分析了苏州河浮游植物现状及水质现状,并分析两者之间的关系,得出水温、总磷、总氮、COD_cr等理化因子对浮游植物群落有显著影响,且其影响均存在临界值,分别为水温15℃、总磷0.6mg·L^-1、总氮10mg·L^-1、COD_cr20mg·L^-1.即在苏州河的浮游植物群落恢复中,当理化因子小于其相对浮游植物群落的临界值时,小球藻的出现频率低、密度百分比低,梅尼小环藻出现频率高、密度百分比高;而当理化因子大于其相对浮游植物群落的临界值时,小球藻的出现频率高,密度百分比高,梅尼小环藻出现频率低,密度百分比低.因此在对苏州河进行生态恢复时,应考虑到各理化因子对浮游植物影响的临界值,综合权衡各方面因素,确定水质恢复应达到的目标.     

贵州高原红枫湖水库浮游植物功能分组及其时空分布特征

为了解贵州高原水源红枫湖水库的浮游植物功能类群及其时空分布特征,于2012年至2013年枯水期(11月)、平水期(4月)、丰水期(7月)对红枫湖浮游植物与水体进行分层采样分析。研究结果表明,水库浮游植物可分为25个功能群,其中S1、F、J、B、D、S2、Y、LM是红枫湖主要代表性功能群,而W1、A、W2、K、X3出现频率较低,主要功能群生境特征都适应于中富营养水体,S1适应于透明度较低、混合程度较高的中富营养水体,F适应于深层混合的中至富营养湖泊,J适应于混合的高富营养浅水水体,B对分层敏感适应于中营养水体;各采样点主要浮游植物功能群季节变化大体相同,枯水期、平水期各采样点功能群较少,丰水期功能群最为丰富;水温是影响红枫湖浮游植物功能类群分布变化的主要因子;浮游植物生长策略变化规律为:枯水期CR/R/S策略藻种→平水期R/CR/CS策略藻种→丰水期R/CR/CRS/C策略藻种,水体浮游植物优势功能群在物质供给、能量输入均较理想的条件下能充分生长,随着能量限制程度的增加而较其他类群更具耐受性;通过浮游植物功能群与水体环境相互关系可以得出:红枫湖水体处于中富营养状态。     

Long-term variability of the phytoplankton community in an isolated floodplain lake of the Ivinhema River State Park,Brazil

The phytoplankton community of river–floodplain ecosystems shows significant temporal fluctuations in response to hydrosedimentological regime. The aim of our study was analyze the effect of the hydrosedimentological regime of the Paraná and Ivinhema Rivers on the interannual variation in the composition, biovolume and functional groups of phytoplankton in an isolated floodplain lake (Ventura Lagoon) of the Ivinhema River State Park, located in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil). Samples of phytoplankton were taken at the sub-surface of the pelagic zone of the lake from February 2000 to December 2005. A total of 132 taxa were recorded, and the species that represented greater contributions to the phytoplankton biovolume were grouped into five functional groups (FG) (H1, H2, M, MP and Y). The distribution of the FGs were linked to the high and low water periods in Ventura lagoon. Functional groups MP and Y were the highest contributors to the phytoplankton biovolume during the high water periods, whereas FGs H1, H2 and M contributed more during the low water periods. The FGs were also useful for the interannual characterization of Ventura Lagoon by taking the changes caused by climatological factors into account. There was a strong dominance of Cyanobacteria (H2 and M) in 2000 and 2001 (La Niña periods) coincident with low precipitation and low hydrometric levels of the Paraná and Ivinhema Rivers and, consequently, lower water depths of Ventura Lagoon. In 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 (El Niño periods), when higher precipitation, higher hydrometric levels, higher discharge of the Paraná and Ivinhema Rivers and an increased depth of Ventura Lagoon were observed, Cyanobacteria (H1, H2 and M) were dominant, followed by Bacillariophyceae (MP) and Cryptophyceae (Y). These results reported here corroborate the utility of using FGs as indicators of interannual and seasonal variability in floodplain lakes.     

渭河干流和秦岭北麓典型支流浮游植物功能群特征及水质评价

渭河干流及其秦岭北麓支流地处黄土高原与秦岭山麓交界的生态脆弱区,且浮游植物作为水生态系统中的初级生产者,在维持生态系统稳定方面发挥了至关重要的作用。研究于2017年秋季及2018年春季对渭河流域干流及秦岭北麓五条典型支流开展了系统的水环境及浮游植物研究。首先,对采集到的样品鉴定,利用功能群概念对渭河流域浮游植物进行划分,参考Padisák完善的40组浮游植物功能群划分方法,共划分出功能群25组,把每个样点的样本中相对生物量大于5%的种类规定为代表性功能群,得出主要代表性功能群15组,分别为A、C、D、N、N_A、MP、T_C、T_B、X3、X1、Y、F、J、L_O、W1。然后,利用Qr指数与Shannon-Wiener指数对研究区域进行水质评价,发现两种指数所反映的水质变化情况并不一致,通过对两种评价方法的对比分析得出,Qr指数更适合评价秦岭北麓典型支流水质,Shannon-Wiener指数更适合评价渭河干流水质,因此渭河秦岭北麓典型支流水质季节间无明显变化,渭河干流水质逐渐好转。并通过冗余分析明确影响2017年秋季及2018年春季浮游植物功能群特征的主要环境因子分别为水温、pH、亚硝酸盐氮和浊度、电导率与亚硝酸盐氮。本研究选取了渭河流域及秦岭山脉水系生境迥异的干支流为研究对象,深入探究了不同水质评价方法的适用情况,完善了将生物与水质联系起来的评价体系。最后,期望本研究成果能够为渭河流域的水生态管理和保护提供科学依据。     

金河湾城市湿地浮游植物功能类群演替及驱动因子

于2015年春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(10月)三季,在金河湾湿地4类水体共设置12个采样点对浮游植物功能类群演替及与水环境变量关系进行分析。研究期间共鉴定浮游植物376个种,隶属于8门10纲19目19科101属。浮游植物种类组成主要以硅藻门(39.62%)和绿藻门(35.64%)为主,其次裸藻门(10.11%)和蓝藻门(9.84%)的藻类所占比例较高,甲藻门、隐藻门、金藻门和黄藻门所占比例较低。调查期间金河湾湿地浮游植物细胞丰度季节间差异显著(P0.05),整体上呈现夏季秋季春季的规律。春、夏、秋三季共划分20个不同的功能类群,双因素方差分析(Two-way ANOVA)和单因子交叉相似性检验(One-way ANOSIM)表明:代表性功能类群在季节间演替明显(P0.05),群落构成差异显著(P0.01)。SIMPER分析指出,S2/H1/B/D/Lo/X1/MP是引起金河湾湿地各季节之间浮游植物群落结构差异的主要贡献类群。通过代表性功能类群和10个水环境变量的典范对应分析(CCA)探索环境变量与功能类群演替的关系。经分析,总氮(TN)是驱动金河湾湿地浮游植物功能类群演替的主要环境变量,电导率(SpCond)、pH与功能类群演替密切相关。     

拉萨河流域浮游植物群落结构特征及与环境因子的关系

于2017年8月对拉萨河浮游植物群落组成、丰度、功能群以及多样性指数进行调查,利用典范对应分析法(CCA)分析浮游植物物种与水环境因子的关系。结果表明:流域种类组成以硅藻门(60.4%)为主,其次是绿藻门(20.8%),其余种类18.8%;物种平均丰度为3857cells/L,硅藻门94.6%,蓝藻门3.1%,绿藻门2.3%;种类少、丰度低是拉萨河流域浮游植物群落结构的主要特征;研究区优势种以菱形藻为主; MP、D和P是划分出来的15类功能群中的优势功能群,合计占总丰度的93%,剩余12类仅占7%; Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数及Pielou's evenness指数平均值分别为1.41、1.77和0.5,单因素方差分析(ANOVA)表明三类多样性指数在各支流之间、干流与各支流之间无显著差异; CCA排序结果表明:p H、化学需氧量(CODCr)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)是影响拉萨河流域浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子;同时,pH、TN、TP也是影响浮游植物功能群分布格局的主要因子。     

Phytoplankton of the Middle Paraná River During an Anomalous Hydrological Period: A Morphological and Functional Approach

The Paraná River mainstem was sampled monthly (November 1999–December 2000) in order to analyse phytoplankton structure and dynamics during a period of extreme low water discharge. Physiognomic groups, size fractions, taxonomic groups, species and Reynolds et al. [2002, Journal of Plankton Research, 24: 417–428] functional groups were studied in relation to environmental variables. The phytoplankton comprised an unusual development of small unicellular flagellates (1–20 mm), whereas large size algae such as the commonly recorded Aulacoseira were present with very low abundances. Groups Y (Cryptomonas spp.), X2 (Chlamydomonas spp., Rhodomonas minuta followed by a silicean chrysophyte) and D (Skeletonema cf. subsalsum and small centrics in minor proportion) dominated the phytoplankton community. Groups X2 and Y dominated at drought phase (November–December 1999). During the coupling of increasing waters and high-suspended solids (February–May 2000) minimum abundance was exhibited. The highest densities were registered during mid-waters (Y, D, X2) when a constant river-floodplain feedback occurred (September–December). The connectivity between the main channel and its alluvial valley, and their interaction resulting from the regular alternation of hydrological fluctuations, play a steering role in structuring the potamoplankton of large rivers. The multivariate RDA showed that water discharge and transparency highly explained a significant proportion of the functional groups variation. The functional classification is proposed as a useful approach in reconstructing the phytoplankton community. The differences in structure from the typically described potamoplankton for the Paraná were maintained throughout the study period. The perseverance of the community changes that occurred during the drought depends, in part, on the persistence and magnitude of this anomalous phase.     

Spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton in two subtropical Brazilian reservoirs

The purpose of this study was to verify the longitudinal distribution of phytoplankton biomass in two subtropical Brazilian reservoirs in the State of Paraná and investigate intervening factors on changes in phytoplankton biomass according to functional groups. In the Capivari and Segredo reservoirs, samples were obtained every 3 months during 2002, along a longitudinal axis (fluvial, transition, and lacustrine zones) at different depths. One hundred and eighteen taxa were identified, with Chlorophyceae as the most specious group. During the study period, both reservoirs had mostly low biomass values (less than 1 mm³ l⁻¹). The short retention time of these reservoirs constituted the principal limiting factor to phytoplankton development. Biomass values above 1 mm³ l⁻¹ were observed in the Capivari fluvial zone in March and in the Segredo lacustrine zone in December, with dominance by Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz (L_M) and Anabaena circinalis Rab. (H₁), respectively. Vertical and horizontal gradients of analyzed abiotic variables and phytoplankton biomass were observed. Considering the phytoplankton biomass values, both reservoirs were oligotrophic for the duration of the study. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) evidenced temporal and spatial gradients of phytoplankton biomass; nevertheless, it did not follow the classic model proposed for deep reservoirs, since higher biomass was registered in the lacustrine zone during some months and in fluvial zones during other months. Distinct functional groups of phytoplankton characterized both studied reservoirs. Capivari Reservoir was best characterized by L_M and Y groups, indicative of its greater water column stability and higher phosphorus concentration, whereas Segredo Reservoir was principally characterized by the MP functional group, indicative of its greater mixing zone extension and higher nitrate concentration. The obtained results also evidenced the influence of morphometric conditions and watershed purposes as important structuring factors of phytoplankton biomass in these reservoirs. Handling editor: L. Naselli-Flores     

Phenotype and temperature affect the affinity for dissolved inorganic carbon in a cyanobacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis</Emphasis>

In order to evaluate the effects of contrasting hydrological scenarios on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of phytoplankton in a reservoir, vertical chlorophyll and temperature profiles were measured and functional classification of phytoplankton was applied. From April to October 2007, at 1–2 week intervals, seasonal changes in various parameters were studied along the longitudinal axis of the canyon-shaped, eutrophic Římov Reservoir (Czech Republic). At the river inflow, phytoplankton markedly differed from the rest of the reservoir, being dominated by functional groups D and J (pennate diatoms and chlorococcal algae) without a clear seasonal pattern. From April to mid-June, groups Y and P (large cryptophytes and colonial diatoms) prevailed in the whole reservoir. Phytoplankton spatial heterogeneity was the most apparent during the summer reflecting a pronounced gradient of environmental parameters from the river inflow to the dam (e.g., decreasing nutrients, increasing light availability, etc.). A dense cyanobacterial bloom (groups H1 and M) developed in the nutrient-rich transition zone, while functional Group N (desmids) dominated the phytoplankton at the same time at the dam area. In late summer, a sudden flood event considerably disrupted thermal stratification, altered nutrient and light availability, and later even resulted in cyanobacterial dominance in the whole reservoir. Additionally, our study emphasizes the importance of having an intensive phytoplankton monitoring program, which would allow for detecting severe consequences of sudden flood events on phytoplankton spatial and temporal heterogeneity, which significantly affect water quality at the dam area used for drinking water purposes.     

The hydro-morphological index of diversity: a tool for describing habitat heterogeneity in river engineering projects

Species composition and seasonal succession of phytoplankton were analyzed in a lowland river located in South Banat (Ponjavica, Serbia). As a result of human activity, a network of irrigation channels was built on the Ponjavica River’s upper and lower courses. These channels reduce the water level in the river and help to create favorable conditions for accelerated eutrophication processes. Eight phytoplankton divisions with 444 taxa were present. Physical and chemical testing of water, phytoplankton abundance and biomass, as well as chlorophyll a concentration showed a high level of eutrophication. Cyanobacterial biomass developed in 2002 with dominance of Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Changes in phytoplankton composition were observed during 2008, characterized by the appearance and dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii when this species accounted for more than 85% of the total phytoplankton biovolume. The change in dominant phytoplankton functional groups was observed: codons H₁ and M characterizing summer in 2002 were replaced by codons S_N and S₁ in 2008. This study compares the presence of C. raciborskii with other phytoplankton species in relation to water quality parameters. High abundance of this species correlated positively with biochemical oxygen demand and turbidity, and negatively with NO₃-N concentrations during the study period.