蜻蜓

蜻蜓属昆虫纲(Insecta)、蜻蜓目(Odonata)。夏秋之际常见于各种水区附近。分布于世界各大区,温暖地带种类较多。全世界现已知有5000多种,我国现已知有400余种。蜻蜓目分三亚目,其中束翅亚目(Zygoptera)和差翅亚目(Anisoptera)均为常见,间翅亚目(Anisozygoptera)仅在印度及日本有分布。束翅亚目称为(虫怱)类,差翅亚目称为蜻蜓。(虫怱)类包括丝(虫怱)、扇(虫怱)(豆娘)与色(虫怱)(艳娘)等常见种;蜻蜓包括蜻:蜓和箭蜓等。     

蛾蛉类昆虫化石研究进展

蛾蛉类昆虫是脉翅目中化石记录最完整的的类群之一,现生类群蛾蛉、美蛉和山蛉统称为蛾蛉科,但是现生类群与化石类群分类标准的不一致性,为蛾蛉类昆虫化石研究带来较大的困难。本文统计了世界已发现的蛾蛉类昆虫化石属种名录,介绍了蛾蛉类昆虫化石研究历史、地质年代及地理分布、系统发育研究进程,并提出了现今有待解决的问题以及对未来研究的展望。     

膜翅目广腰亚目化石及其在缅甸琥珀中的研究现状及展望

白垩纪缅甸琥珀昆虫化石研究是当前古昆虫学研究的热点之一。广腰亚目是膜翅目中的一个重要类群,其研究不仅为探讨膜翅目起源、早期演化、系统发育、不同地质时期古地理、古生态等方面提供重要的科学证据,而且可为陆地生态系统中的生物多样性研究提供重要材料。文中综述缅甸琥珀的研究简史及研究现状,阐述广腰亚目在印痕化石与缅甸琥珀中的特点、分布情况及该亚目在印痕化石与缅甸琥珀间的研究差异,进而探讨膜翅目广腰亚目化石当前研究现状、存在的问题及未来前景,并期望广大研究者增加对缅甸琥珀广腰亚目类群的关注和研究。     

缅甸北部白垩纪中期克钦琥珀华翅蝉科(昆虫纲, 半翅目)新材料

根据产自缅甸北部白垩纪中期克钦琥珀中的一块昆虫化石标本,建立了1新种——克钦雅翅蝉(Ornatiala kachinensis sp. nov.),归于华翅蝉科(Sinoalidae Wang and Szwedo, 2012)。根据新化石材料,对雅翅蝉属的鉴别特征进行了修订。此外,利用支序分类学分析手段对新种的生物系统学地位进行了确定,并对华翅蝉前翅色型、翅脉变异等问题进行了探讨。新材料的发现进一步证实克钦琥珀生物群中的华翅蝉生物多样性程度较高,为优势昆虫类群。     

中国东北侏罗-白垩纪细腰亚目昆虫化石

细腰亚目现生类群种类丰富,包含各类蜂和蚂蚁,因其传粉、寄生和社会性等习性备受关注。有关细腰亚目化石类群的研究近年来越来越广泛。系统回顾了中国东北部中侏罗世九龙山组地层和早白垩世义县组地层中已报道的细腰亚目化石物种。详细阐述了代表性类群魔蜂科(Ephialtitidae)、中细蜂科(Mesoserphidae)、异背蜂科(Anomopterellidae)、长腹细蜂科(Pelecinidae)的最新研究进展。     

白垩纪甲虫研究揭示其生物系统分类学的转变(鞘翅目: 原鞘亚目)

文中首次报道了缅甸琥珀中的长扁甲Mallecupes qingqingae Jarzembowski, Wang and Zheng, 2017的阳茎化石, 并讨论了该器官的古昆虫学和现生昆虫学意义。甲虫在现生生物中的多样性最高, 而它们的生殖器则在甲虫系统分类中的应用已经超过百年历史。这些小而精美的器官通常很难保存在化石里, 但文中特异保存在中生代琥珀中的生殖器则为原鞘亚目甲虫的分类学研究提供了新的启示。     

白垩纪甲虫研究揭示其生物系统分类学的转变(鞘翅目:原鞘亚目)（英文）

文中首次报道了缅甸琥珀中的长扁甲Mallecupes qingqingae Jarzembowski, Wang and Zheng, 2017的阳茎化石,并讨论了该器官的古昆虫学和现生昆虫学意义。甲虫在现生生物中的多样性最高,而它们的生殖器则在甲虫系统分类中的应用已经超过百年历史。这些小而精美的器官通常很难保存在化石里,但文中特异保存在中生代琥珀中的生殖器则为原鞘亚目甲虫的分类学研究提供了新的启示。     

鞘翅目系统演化关系研究进展

现生鞘翅目类群是昆虫纲中种类最多的一个类群,由4个亚目组成。形态学研究表明,鞘翅目是一个单系,但在加入了分子数据之后,其结果证明鞘翅目为并系类群。最早的甲虫起源于二叠纪,与现生的原鞘亚目具有许多相似特征。大多数学者认为与鞘翅目亲缘关系最近的类群是脉翅类昆虫,但是也有的学者认为鞘翅目与捻翅目互为姐妹群。本文对鞘翅目高级阶元4个亚目的系统关系和有关鞘翅目的起源和演化等研究进行了总结,并对相关问题做了进一步探讨和展望。     

论龟科和陆龟科

<正> 龟科(Emydidae)和陆龟科(Tesrudinidae)同是隐颈龟亚目(Cryptodira,也叫曲颈龟亚目)中两类最为常见的主要类群。它们不仅有为数众多的化石种类,其现生种类的总数也占所有现生龟鳖类的三分之二。这两科龟类在其起源、地史分布、甚至某些形态构造方面,都有一定的相近之处,无怪有的学者主张将两科合并为一科,但也有持不同意见的。笔者在从事化石龟鳖类的研究过程中,对于这两类动物,有时也遇到某些疑难问题,特别是     

缅甸克钦琥珀白垩纪石蝇(襀翅目: 襀科)新属种记述

文中简述了襀翅目缅甸琥珀研究概况,并基于一件保存较好的雌虫标本,报道了襀翅目襀科新属种Burperla decolorata gen. et sp. nov.。该化石具有以下重要特征:体较长,体色浅,触须与触角较长, RP脉末端接近翅端部,下殖板宽大、圆形,后缘中部突出。这些形态特征显著区别于襀科的其它化石及现生类群。     

缅甸北部克钦白垩纪中期琥珀中的蜡蝉化石一新属新种: Ayaimatum trilobatum gen. et sp. nov.(半翅目: 蜡蝉总科: 拟蛛蜡蝉科)

根据缅甸北部克钦地区产出的白垩纪中期琥珀中保存的蜡蝉,建立了1新属1新种——三瓣残缺蜡蝉(Ayaimatum trilobatum gen. et sp. nov.),该新属新种属于白垩纪的拟蛛蜡蝉科(Mimarachnidae)。本文对拟蛛蜡蝉科的属种记录进行了综述,同时探讨了这一灭绝科属种的多样性和形态分异。     

FOSSIL OONOPID SPIDERS IN CRETACEOUS AMBERS FROM CANADA AND MYANMAR

Abstract:  The spider family Oonopidae is described from Cretaceous ambers from Myanmar and Canada for the first time. Orchestina albertenis sp. nov. is the first spider to be described from Canadian Grassy Lake amber and only the second spider to be described from Canadian amber. The specimen in amber from Myanmar extends the known range of the extant genus Orchestina back another 10 million years from the previously oldest specimen in Turonian New Jersey amber. Despite being unknown as sedimentary fossils, Oonopidae occur in more fossil deposits than any other spider family and were already widespread by the Cretaceous. The family contains the oldest example of an extant spider genus along with Archaeidae, also from Burmese amber.     

A remarkable new fossil species of Amplectister with peculiar hindleg modifications (Coleoptera: Histeridae): further evidence for myrmecophily in Cretaceous clown beetles

Myrmecophily is a phenomenon of the symbiosis of organisms that depend on various ant (Formicidae) societies. Such interspecies associations are found in several unrelated lineages within the clown beetle family Histeridae. Recent studies have suggested that the origin of myrmecophily can be traced back to mid-Cretaceous based on a few fossil records from Kachin amber from northern Myanmar. Here, we describe a remarkable new species, Amplectister terapoides n. sp., from Kachin amber. This is the second species of the extinct genus Amplectister Caterino and Maddison, which has been found from the same amber deposit and has also been considered to be myrmecophilous. The new species here described has the most heavily modified hindlegs in any fossil histerids or even beetles discovered until now, indicating further evidence for ant colony association. Our discovery demonstrates that significant and diverse morphological adaptations to myrmecophily had already occurred during the Cretaceous.     

New spiders in Upper Cretaceous amber from New Jersey in the American Museum of Natural History (Arthropoda: Araneae)

The oldest described fossils of the extant spider family Araneidae (Araneinae; gen. et sp. indet.), the extant genus Orchestina (Oonopidae; O. sp. indet.) and the new fossil genus Palaeosegestria (Segestriidae; P. lutzzii gen. et sp. nov.) are presented from Upper Cretaceous amber of New Jersey. The known fossil range of the extant family Araneidae is extended approximately 50 myr from the previously oldest described araneid from the Middle Eocene oil shales of the Messel pit in Hesse, Germany. The fossil range of the extant genus Orchestina is also extended 50 myr from the previously oldest described specimen in Eocene Baltic amber.     

The earliest fossil record of the extant rove beetle genus Phloeocharis from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar and its biogeographic implications (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Phloeocharinae)

Phloeocharis Mannerheim is the largest genus within the problematic rove beetle subfamily Phloeocharinae, with a single extinct and 44 recent species recorded from the Holarctic Region. Until now, the oldest fossil record of Phloeocharis was known from Late Cretaceous (Turonian) amber from New Jersey, USA. Here we describe 2Phloeocharis burmana n. sp. from mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) Kachin amber from northern Myanmar, as the earliest extinct species of this genus. Our finding also sheds light on the biogeography of Phloeocharis, since no recent or extinct species have so far been recorded from the Oriental Region. Furthermore, the discovery of 2P. burmana n. sp. extends the Mesozoic diversity of the phloeocharine rove beetles both taxonomically and morphologically, particularly from Kachin amber.     

Spiders in Upper Cretaceous Amber from New Jersey (Arthropoda: Araneae)

The oldest described fossils of the extant spider families Segestriidae, Oonopidae, Oecobiidae, Dictynidae and Linyphiidae, previously known from the Tertiary, are presented from Upper Cretaceous amber of New Jersey. The third and oldest known specimen of the fossil spider family Lagonomegopidae is also described and provides further palaeontological evidence of a common Laurasian fauna. The extant genera Segestria and Oecobius are taken back a further 52 and 69–74 myr respectively in the fossil record. These fossils predict the presence of the Caponiidae, Tetrablemmidae, Orsolobidae, Dysderidae, Hersiliidae, Eresidae, Pimoidae, Scytodoidea s.l. , cyatholipoids, theridioids and symphytognathoids in the Cretaceous. They also extend the known geological range of extant spider families through and beyond the end–Cretaceous extinction. This event, which affected numerous marine and some terrestrial organisms, probably had little effect on the Araneae.     

Burmese amber: evidence of Gondwanan origin and Cretaceous dispersion

Abstract

Burmese amber is an extremely important source of mid-Cretaceous plant and animal remains with over 870 species of organisms, ranging from protozoa to vertebrates, described from this source. The amber mines are located on the West Burma Block that according to geologists was originally part of Gondwana. The present study introduces some angiosperms and insects in Burmese amber whose closest extant relatives have a Gondwanan distribution and there is no previous evidence of a Laurasian distribution. Based on this evidence, it is proposed that organisms in Burmese amber represent a selection of tropical to subtropical life forms that inhabited the interconnected continents of Gondwana in the Early Cretaceous. Based on the fossil record of angiosperms and their diversity in Burmese amber, the West Burma Block could not have rafted from Gondwana to SE Asia before the Early Cretaceous.     

A new genus of fossil Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) from Cretaceous amber and key to Cretaceous mymarid genera

Myanmymar aresconoidesgen n., sp. n. is described from one female in Burmese amber, dated as about 100 my. It is similar to Arescon on wing features but is unique among Mymaridae in having distinctly segmented palpi. It is the fifth mymarid genus definitely referable to the Cretaceous period. A key to Cretaceous mymarid genera is presented and the features of Myanmymar are compared with the other Cretaceous and extant mymarid genera.     

Miocene spiders in Dominican amber (Oonopidae,Mysmenidae)

Oonops seldeni sp. nov. and Mysmenopsis lissycoleyae sp. nov. are described from male specimens preserved in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic and are the first fossil records of these extant genera. Gamasomorpha incerta Wunderlich, 1988 is transferred to Stenoonops. Two females previously described as Orchestina dominicana? Wunderlich, 1981 are transferred to Orchestina sp. indet., and one new specimen of a male of Orchestina dominicana Wunderlich, 1988 is identified. Oonopidae is reported for the first time from Cretaceous ambers of Burma, Lebanon and New Jersey. These are the oldest records of this family, extending the known range from the Rupelian (Oligocene) to the Valanginian (Lower Cretaceous). Recent StenoonopsMysmenopsis are unknown from Hispaniola. The presence of these genera in amber suggests that they will be found. The presence of Mysmenopsis in amber is further evidence of kleptoparasitic/commensal spiders in the Miocene.