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1.
Purified myelin from fresh calf brain white matter was subfractionated in a discontinuous sucrose gradient; significant recovery of protein and 2,3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphohydrolase (CNP) and 5-nucleotidase (5N) activities occurred in all three obtained subfractions, the highest recovery being in the light subfraction; highest 5N and CNP specific activities were in medium myelin. Purified myelin was also subfractionated in a continuous sucrose gradient, with a similar localization of protein; CNP activity and 5N activity maxima suggest that myelin may be a predominant locus of 5N in bovine brain white matter. Freezing of brain white matter caused an increase in protein and in CNP and 5N total activity recoveries in denser myelin subfractions. Cytochemistry showed the reaction product of 5N in the whole myelin fraction to be associated with the innermost, outermost and medial compact myelin layers. Effects of non-ionic detergent (Lubrol WX) on 5N activity were studied, and the results also suggest the intrinsic nature of 5N as an ectoenzyme in myelin membranes. Lubrol WX was viewed as an advisable detergent for the stimulation of myelin 5N activity, but not for the solubilization of this enzyme. 相似文献
2.
R. Lohrmann 《Journal of molecular evolution》1977,10(2):137-154
Summary Adenosine 5-phosphoramidates form when solutions containing adenosine 5-polyphosphates pnA (n 3) or P1, P2-diadenosine 5-diphosphate and amines are allowed to dry out. Mg ions catalyze these reactions. We have studied systems containing ammonia, imidazole, glycine, ethylenediamine and histamine. The yields of adenosine 5-phosphoramidates range from 10–50 % based on the nucleotide. The prebiotic significance of the reactions is discussed.Abbreviations Im
imidazole
- hist
histamine
- gly
glycine
- en
ethylenediamine
- CDI
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- A
adenosine
- Pn (n = 1, 2 )
linear polyphosphate containing n phosphate residues
- pnA
adenosine 5-polyphosphate containing n phosphate residues
- ADP
adenosine 5-diphosphate
- ATP
adenosine 5-triphosphate
- AppA
P1, P2-diadenosine 5-diphosphate
- gly-pA
adenylyl-(5N)-glycine
- ImpA
adenosine 5-phosphorimidazolide
- NH2-pA
adenosine 5-phosphoramidate
- en-pA
adenylyl-(5N)-ethylenediamine
- hist (NH) - pA
adenosine 5-phospho-[2-(4-imidazolyl)-ethylamide]
- hist(Im)-pA
adenosine 5-phospho-[4-(2-aminoethyl)-imidazolide]
- enP1,2
phosphoramidates of ethylenediamine derived from H3PO4 and H4P2O7 相似文献
3.
Rachel Galun 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1989,50(2):133-139
Females of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, prefer sucrose solutions containing ribonucleotides to sucrose solutions without them. The order of preference for the nucleotides was: 5GMP>GTP>5CMP>5IMP >dGMP>5UMP>5AMP>5XMP=ATP=2 & 3GMP=RP>3AMP.2AMP, guanosine, inosine, adenine and 5TMP produced no significant stimulation. Females sterilized by irradiation showed reduced attraction to 5GMP as compared to non-irradiated females.Optimal molecular configuration for phagostimulation includes: phosphorylation at the 5 position of the ribose, free hydroxyl groups at 2 and 3 on the ribose, and an NH2 group at the 2 position of the aromatic ring of purine.It is proposed that the 5GMP in yeast hydrolyzate can be used as a measure of the suitability of the hydrolyzate as a bait.
Abbreviations 5AMP Adenosine 5-monophosphate - 3AMP Adenosine 3-monophosphate - 2AMP Adenosine 2-monophosphate - dAMP 2-deoxyadenosine 5-monophosphate - ADP Adenosine 5-diphosphate - ATP Adenosine 5-triphosphate - 5GMP Guanosine 5-monophosphate - 2GMP Guanosine 2-monophosphate - 3GMP Guanosine 3-monophosphate - dGMP 2-deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate - GDP Guanosine 5-diphosphate - GTP Guanosine 5-triphosphate - 5IMP Inosine 5-monophosphate - IDP Inosine 5-diphosphate - ITP Inosine 5-triphosphate - 5XMP Xanthosine 5-monophosphate - 5CMP Cytidine 5-monophosphate - dCMP 2 deoxycytidine 5-monophosphate - CTP Cytidine 5-triphosphate - 5UMP Uridine 5-monophosphate - 5TMP Thymidine 5-monophosphate - RP Ribose 5 monophosphate 相似文献
Résumé La femelle de la mouche méditerranéenne des fruits, Ceratitis capitata, préfère les solutions de sucrose contenant des ribonucléotides aux simples solutions de sucrose. Lórdre de préférence pour les nucléotides est le suivant: 5GMP>GTP>5CMP>5IMP >dGMP>5UMP>5AMP>5XMP=ATP =2 & 3GMP=RP>3AMP.Le 2AMP, la guanosine, l'inosine, l'adénine et le 5TMP provoquent une stimulation significative. Les femelles montrent aprés stérilisation par irradiation une attirance réduite pour le 5GMP par comparaison avec les femelles non-irradiées.La configuration moléculaire optimale pour la phagostimulation comprend: la phosphorylation en position 5 du ribose; des groupes hydroxyles libres en 2 et 3 sur le ribose; et un groupe NH2 en position 2 sur le noyau aromatique.Nous proposons que le 5GMP dans l'hydrolysat de levure puisse être utilisé pour mesurer la capacité de l'hydrolysat comme appât.
Abbreviations 5AMP Adenosine 5-monophosphate - 3AMP Adenosine 3-monophosphate - 2AMP Adenosine 2-monophosphate - dAMP 2-deoxyadenosine 5-monophosphate - ADP Adenosine 5-diphosphate - ATP Adenosine 5-triphosphate - 5GMP Guanosine 5-monophosphate - 2GMP Guanosine 2-monophosphate - 3GMP Guanosine 3-monophosphate - dGMP 2-deoxyguanosine 5-monophosphate - GDP Guanosine 5-diphosphate - GTP Guanosine 5-triphosphate - 5IMP Inosine 5-monophosphate - IDP Inosine 5-diphosphate - ITP Inosine 5-triphosphate - 5XMP Xanthosine 5-monophosphate - 5CMP Cytidine 5-monophosphate - dCMP 2 deoxycytidine 5-monophosphate - CTP Cytidine 5-triphosphate - 5UMP Uridine 5-monophosphate - 5TMP Thymidine 5-monophosphate - RP Ribose 5 monophosphate 相似文献
4.
Myelin was isolated from bovine brain by several published procedures and modifications of these procedures. High activity of the myelin marker (2,3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphohydrolase) and low activity of contaminants markers in white matter homogenates in respect to cerebral cortex showed the white matter to be better than the cerebral cortex or the whole brain for myelin isolation. A procedure is described for the preparation of purified myelin from bovine white matter which yielded a content of protein (40%), myelin marker (51%), and 5-nucleotidase (25%) in purified myelin higher than by any used method. Acetylcholinesterase or succinate dehydrogenase was lower than 7% of its activity in the white matter homogenate, and monoamine oxidase and NADPH: cytochrome c reductase were not recovered in myelin fraction. Morphologically, myelin fraction was shown to mainly consist of multilamellar membranes of different sizes. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of myelin fraction showed a characteristic protein pattern of myelin. When our procedure was applied to frozen white matter, lower protein (32%) and myelin marker (34%) and similar 5-nucleotidase activity (24%) were recovered in myelin, increasing its recovery in denser fractions of white matter. 相似文献
5.
Summary 2-Amino-2-deoxyuridine reacts efficiently with nucleoside 5-phosphorimidazolides in aqueous solution. The dinucleoside monophosphate analogues were obtained in yields exceeding 80% under conditions in which little reaction occurs with the natural nucleosides.In a similar way, the 5-phosphorimidazolide of 2-amino-2-deoxyuridine undergoes self-condensation in aqueous solution to give a complex mixture of oligomers.The phosphoramidate bond in the dinucleoside monophosphate analogues is stable for several days at room temperature and pH 7. The mechanisms of their hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions are described.Abbreviations A
adenosine
- C
cytidine
- G
guanosine
- U
uridine
- T
thymidine
- UN
3
2-azido-2-deoxyuridine
- UNH
2
2-amino-2-deoxyuridine
- ImpA
adenosine 5-phosphorimidazolide
- ImpU
uridine 5-phosphorimidazolide
- ImpUN
3
2-azido-2-deoxyuridine 5-phosphorimidazolide
- ImpUNH
2
2-amino-2-deoxyuridine 5-phosphorimidazolide
- pA
adenosine 5-phosphate
- pU
uridine 5-phosphate
- pUN
3
2-azido-2-deoxyuridine 5-phosphate
- pUNH
2
2-amino-2-deoxyuridine 5-phosphate
- UpA
uridylyl-[35]-adenosine
- UpU
uridylyl-[35]-uridine
- UNpA
adenylyl-[52]-2-amino-2-deoxy-uridine
- UNpU
uridylyl-[52]-2-amino-2-deoxyuridine (pUN)n n=2,3,4 [25]-linked oligomers of pUNH
2 poly(A) polyadenylic acid
- Im
imidazole
- MeIm
l-methylimidazole 相似文献
6.
F. Olmedo F. Iturbe J. Gomez-Hernández A. López-Munguía 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》1994,10(1):36-40
The production of 5-IMP and 5-GMP by enzymatic conversion from RNA using a continuous two packed-bed reactor was investigated. 5-Phosphodiesterase (5PD) and 5-adenylate deaminase (5AD) were immobilized in an acrylic resin to produce derivatives with about 15 U/g of support. The kinetic properties of the enzymes were described by Michaelis-Menten models: no significant differences were found in the K
m value of the free and immobilized 5AD (60 and 20 m, respectively), whereas for 5PD the K
m value was one order of magnitude higher for the immobilized enzyme (4.85 mg RNA/ml), probably due to diffusional limitations. Both enzymes remained stable after 8 h of use in a continuous packed-bed reactor whereas the half lives of the free enzymes were 193 min and 240 min at 40°C and 70°C for 5AD and 5PD, respectively. A procedure is proposed for the design of a continuous two packed-bed column process.F. Olmedo and F. Iturbe are with the Depto. de Alimentos y Biotecnologia, Facultad de Química, UNAM, México 04510, D.F., Mexico. J. Gomez-Hernández is with the Depto. de Biotecnología, UAM-1, Apdo. Postal 55-535, México 09340, D.F., Mexico. A. López-Munguía is with the Instituto de Biotecnología, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico 相似文献
7.
Suzuki Hisanori Buonamassa Daniela Tornese Weisz Alessandro 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1990,99(1):33-39
Summary The activity of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (ADPRP) and the content of 2,5-oligodenylates core (2,5An; n = 2,3 and 4) were measured in homogenates of the uterus and of the liver of immature rats immediately before (time 0) or at different times after injection of estradiol-valerate. ADPRP activity increased gradualy, starting 6 hours after estrogen injection, for about 4 days. Instead, the content of 2,5 An decreased by about 50% within 6 hours, and thereafter more slowly for 4 days to about 20% of starting values. Estrogen increased ADPRP activity and decreased 2,5An concentration also in the kidney and in the cardiac muscle of the same animals, but not in the skeletal muscle, where neither of the two parameters was affected. Injection of vehicle only (sesame oil) had no effect on ADPRP activity nor on 2,5An content of immature rat tissues. 相似文献
8.
A yeast-mycelium (Y-M) transition in Candida albicans was induced by exogenous yeast extract, adenosine, adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 35 cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and its analogue N6, O2-dibutyryl adenosine 35-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP) in defined liquid medium at 25°C. Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) was found to delay germ tube formation in yeast cells, whereas the cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors, theophylline and caffeine, induced a Y-M transition. Intracellular and extracellular cyclic AMP levels increased during the yeast-mycelium transition and maximum levels of intracellular cyclic AMP coincided with maximum germ tube formation. Of the many inducers and inhibitors of germ tube and mycelium formation in C. albicans tested, including incubation at 37°C or in the presence of 1.5mM CaCl2, the calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium (R24571) added together with CaCl2 induced the highest intra- and extracellular cyclic AMP levels. These results confirm the involvement of cyclic AMP in the yeast-mycelium transition of C. albicans. 相似文献
9.
Volume-sensitive taurine transport in fish erythrocytes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Daron A. Fincham Michael W. Wolowyk James D. Young 《The Journal of membrane biology》1987,96(1):45-56
Summary Taurine plays an important role in cell volume regulation in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Erythrocytes from two euryhaline fish species, the eel (Anguilla japonica) and the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) were found to contain high intracellular concentrations of this amino acid ( 30 mmol per liter of cell water). Kinetic studies established that the cells possessed a saturable high-affinity Na+-dependent -amino-acid transport system which also required Cl– for activity (apparentK
m
(taurine) 75 and 80 m;V
max 0.85 and 0.29 mol/g Hb per hr for eel (20°C) and flounder cells (10°C), respectively. This -system operated with an apparent Na+/Cl–/taurine coupling ratio of 211. A reduction in extracellular osmolarity, leading to an increase in cell volume, reversibly decreased the activity of the transporter. In contrast, low medium osmolarity stimulated the activity of a Na+-independent nonsaturable transport route selective for taurine, -amino-n-butyric acid and small neutral amino acids, producing a net efflux of taurine from the cells. Neither component of taurine transport was detected in human erythrocytes. It is suggested that these functionally distinct transport routes participate in the osmotic regulation of intracellular taurine levels and hence contribute to the homeostatic regulation of cell volume. Volume-induced increases in Na+-independent taurine transport activity were suppressed by noradrenaline and 8-bromoadenosine-3, 5-cyclic monophosphate, but unaffected by the anticalmodulin drug, pimozide. 相似文献
10.
In crown-gall tumor tissue obtained from leaves of Bryophyllum daigremontianum an adenosine 3:5-cyclic phosphate (3:5-cyclic-AMP) degrading activity increases up to 2.5 fold until the fifth day after inoculation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, declining to the value of the control in the solid tumor. Theophylline up to 1 mmol l–1 given to wounded leaves of Bryophyllum daigremontianum has no effect on the number of tumors. The effect of higher concentrations given over extended periods can be explained otherwise. Therefore it seems likely that the 3:5-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) has no effect on transformation and growth of crown-gall tumors in Bryophyllum daigremontianum. 相似文献
11.
Ahlert Schmidt 《Archives of microbiology》1977,112(3):263-270
Crude extracts of Rhodospirillum rubrum catalyzed the formation of acid-volatile radioactivity from (35S) sulfate, (35S) adenosine-5-phosphosulfate, and (35S) 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate. An enzyme fraction similar to APS-sulfotransferases from plant sources was purified 228-fold from Rhodospirillum rubrum. It is suggested here that this enzyme is specific for adenosine-5-phosphosulfate, because the purified enzyme fraction metabolized adenosine-5-phosphosulfate, however, only at a rate of 1/10 of that with adenosine-5-phosphosulfate. Further, the reaction with 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate was inhibited with 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphate whereas this nucleotide had no effect on the reaction with adenosine-5-phosphosulfate. For this activity with adenosine-5-phosphosulfate the name APS-sulfotransferase is suggested. This APS-sulfotransferase needs thiols for activity; good rates were obtained with either dithioerythritol or reduced glutathione; other thiols like cysteine, 2-3-dimercaptopropanol or mercaptoethanol are less effective. The electron donor methylviologen did not catalyze this reaction. The pH-optimum was about 9.0; the apparent K
m for adenosine-5-phosphosulfate was determined to be 0.05 mM with this so far purified enzyme fraction. Enzyme activity was increased with K2SO4 and Na2SO4 and was inhibited by 5-AMP. These properties are similar to assimilatory APS-sulfotransferases from spinach and Chlorella.Abbreviations APS
adenosine-5-phosphosulfate
- PAPS
3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate
- 5-AMP
adenosine-5-monophosphate
- 3-AMP
adenosine-3-monophosphate
- 3-5-ADP
3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphate (PAP)
- DTE
dithiorythritol
- GSH
reduced glutathione
- BAL
2-3-dimercaptopropanol 相似文献
12.
Summary Soluble lead salts and a number of lead-containing minerals catalyze the formation of oligonucleotides from nucleoside 5-phosphorimidazolides. The effectiveness of lead compounds correlates strongly with their solubility. Under optimal conditions we were able to obtain 18% of pentamer and higher oligomers from ImpA. Reactions involving ImpU gave smaller yields.Abbreviations A
adenosine
-
U
uridine
-
Im
imidazole
-
MeIm
1-methyl-imidazole
-
EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
-
pA
adenosine 5-phosphate
-
pU
uridine 5-phosphate
-
Ap
adenosine cyclic 2:3-phosphate
-
ATP
adenosine 5-triphosphate
-
AppA
P1,P2-diadenosine 5-diphosphate
-
pNp (N = A,U)
nucleotide 2(3), 5-diphosphate
-
ImpA
adenosine 5-phosphoreimidazolide
-
ImpU
uridine 5-phosphorimidazolide
-
A
2pA
adenylyl-[25]-adenosine
-
A
3pA
adenylyl-[35]-adenosine
-
pA
2pA
5-phospho-adenylyl-[25]-adenosine
-
pA
3pA
5-phospho-adenylyl-[35]-adenosine
-
pUpU
5-phospho-uridylyl-uridine
-
pApU
5-phospho-adenylyl-uridine
-
pUpA
5-phospho-uridylyladenine
-
(pA)n (n, 2,3,4,)
oligoadenylates with 5 terminal phosphate
-
ImpApA
5-phosphorimidazolide of adenylyl adenosine
-
(pA)
5+
pentamer and higher oligoadenylates with 5 terminal phosphate
-
(Ap)nA (n = 2,3,4)
oligoadenylates without terminal phosphates
In the following we do not specify the nature of the internucleotide linkageIn the following we do not specify the nature of the internucleotide linkage 相似文献
13.
Summary We have studied the reactions between adenosine 5-phosphorimidazolide and 9-(2-amino-2-deoxyxylofuranosyl) adenine (I) or 3-methylamino-3-deoxyadenosine (II), both with and without a poly (U) template. We find that both amino compounds react much more rapidly than does adenosine, in the absence of a template. The rate of reaction is greatly enhanced by a poly (U) template in the case of I, but the enhancement is slight in the case of II.Abbreviations A
adenosine
- xylo ANH2
9-(2-amino-2-deoxy--D-xylofuranosyl) adenine
- ANHMe
3-methylamino-3-deoxyadenosine
- ImpA
adenosine 5-phosphorimidazolide
- A3 pA
adenylyl-[35]-adenosine
- A2 pA
adenylyl-[25]-adenosine
- UNPA
adenylyl-[52]-2-amino-2-deoxyuridine
- xylo ANPA
9-[adenylyl-(52)-2-amino-2-deoxy--D-xylofuranosyl]adenine
- A(NMe)pA
adenylyl-[53]-3-methylamino-3-deoxyadenosine
- pA
adenosine 5phosphate
- AppA
P1, P2-diadenosine 5pyrophosphate
- (pA)n
n = 2, 3 [2-5]-linked oligomers of pA
- A2 pA2 pA
[2-5]-linked trinucleoside diphosphate of A
- poly (U)
polyuridylic acid 相似文献
14.
Original and published data on the antimutagenic role of autonomous 3 5-exonucleases (AE) are analyzed. AE are not bound covalently to DNA polymerases but are often involved in replicative complexes. AE overproduction in bacterial cells is accompanied by a sharp suppression of mutagenesis, whereas AE inactivation in bacteria and higher fungi results in the increase in mutation rates by two to three orders of magnitude. The combined action of AE and DNA polymerases substantially improves the fidelity of their functioning in vitro. The fidelity of nuclease-free DNA polymerases and increases by two to three orders of magnitude in the presence of AE. The fidelity of moderately processive DNA polymerase I increases by two orders of magnitude, and that of highly processive DNA polymerase increases by a factor of 5–10, although both these polymerases possess their own 3 5-exonucleolytic activity. In biochemical experiments, AE was shown to participate directly in the correction of errors made by DNA polymerase I. The presence of AE in multienzyme DNA polymerase complexes increases their fidelity by a factor of 5–10. A model of extrinsic proofreading by AE in DNA biosynthesis is proposed. An investigation of thirty objects from all three kingdoms of life (from archaea and bacteria to mammals, including humans) has shown that AE account for 30–90% of the total cellular 3 5-exonucleolytic activity. Therefore, AE increase significantly the intracellular ratio of 3 5-exonuclease to DNA polymerase activities in a wide phylogenetic variety of species, which always leads to the increasing fidelity of DNA biosynthesis. 相似文献
15.
An efficient method of reduction of 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine and its 5-protected derivatives to 3-aminothymidine derivatives on a palladium catalyst using ammonium formate as a source of hydrogen was suggested.__________Translated from Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2005, pp. 147–150.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Seregin, Chudinov, Yurkevich, Shvets. 相似文献
16.
S. V. Vasil'eva T. V. Abramova T. M. Ivanova G. V. Shishkin V. N. Sil'nikov 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2004,30(3):234-242
A convenient preparative synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxyuridine was developed. Starting from 2-amino-2-deoxyuridine and 2-amino-2-deoxycytidine, monomers for the phosphoamidite oligonucleotide synthesis were obtained that carry a linker with methoxyoxalamide groups in position 2. 相似文献
17.
In the course of characterization of glycolipid sulfotransferase from human renal cancer cells, the manner of inhibition of sulfotransferase activity with pyridoxal 5-phosphate was investigated. Incubation of a partially purified sulfotransferase preparation with pyridoxal 5-phosphate followed by reduction with NaBH4 resulted in an irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. When adenosine 3-phosphate 5-phosphosulfate was co-incubated with pyridoxal 5-phosphate, the enzyme was protected against this inactivation. Furthermore, pyridoxal 5-phosphate was found to behave as a competitive inhibitor with respect to adenosine 3-phosphate 5-phosphosulfate with aK
i value of 287 µm. These results suggest that pyridoxal 5-phosphate modified a lysine residue in the adenosine 3-phosphate 5-phosphosulfate-recognizing site of the sulfotransferase. 相似文献
18.
Isopropylidenation of lactose with 2,2-dimethoxypropane in the presence ofp-toluenesulfonic acid gave two products, which were identified by1H- and13C-NMR as 2,35,63,4-tri-O-isopropylidenelactose dimethyl acetal (1) and its 6-O-(2-methoxy)-isopropyl derivative (2). These products were used for the synthesis of 2-O-methyllactose (7), 2,6-di-O-methyllactose (9) and 2-O-benzyllactose (13). 相似文献
19.
Hiroaki Sawai 《Journal of molecular evolution》1981,17(1):48-51
Summary Oligouridylates with more than eight chain units can serve as a template for the template-directed condensation of ImpA catalyzed by Pb2+ ion. The templates and the Pb2+ ion catalyst facilitate the formation of longer oligoadenylates with five or more units. The ratio of 3–5 linked oligomers to the 2–5 isomers increases with increasing chain length of the oligouridylate template. Short oligouridylates up to a hexamer tend to decrease the yield of oligoadenylates, and do not affect the selectivity of internucleotide linkage.Abbreviations EDTA
ethylenediaminetetracetic acid
- Tris
tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
- A
adenosine
- ImpA
adenosine 5-phosphorimidazolide
- pA
adenosine 5-phosphate
- Ap
adenosine 2(3)-phosphate
- poly A
polyadenylic acid
- AppA
P1,P2-diadenosine 5-diphosphate
- pAp
adenosine 2(3),5-diphosphate
- ApA
adenylyl adenosine
- (pA)n (n = 2,3,)
oligomers of pA
- ImpApA
5-phosphorimidazolide of ApA
- U
uridine
- pU
uridine 5-phosphate
- Up
uridine 2(3)-phosphate
- poly U
polyuridylic acid
- pUp
uridine 2(3),5-diphosphate
- (pU)n (n = 2,3,)
oligomers of pU
- (pU)n – (pA)m
cooligomers composed of (pU)n and (pA)m units
- AppUpUpUpUp
pyrophosphate derived from pA and (pU)4
- AppUp
P1-(adenosine 5)-P2-(uridine 2(3)-phosphate 5) -pyrophosphate
- BAP
bacterial alkaline phosphatase
- VPD
venom phosphodiesterase
- N.P1
nuclease P1
- RNase A
pancreatic ribonuclease
- A*
radioactive adenosine 相似文献
20.
Addition of ammonium to N2 fixing cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium pasteurianum rapidly reduced the intracellular levels of guanosine 5-diphosphate 3-diphosphate (ppGpp) by 70–90%. This change might reflect a regulatory role of ppGpp in nitrogen metabolism.Abbreviations ppGpp
guanosine 5-diphosphate 3-diphosphate 相似文献