米曲霉发酵玉米秸秆产纤维素酶饲料条件的优化

目的:研究米曲霉发酵玉米秸秆产富含纤维素酶的饲料的最优条件.方法:采用响应面法对发酵条件进行了优化.对Plackett-Burman设计筛选出的麸皮与秸秆比值、固液比和发酵时间三个主要因素再利用Box-Behnken设计进行优化.结果:确定了以上三个因素的最佳值分别为秸秆:麸皮比值为1.32,固液比为0.68,发酵时间为6.1d.在优化的培养基中,纤维素酶活力为522.36U/g,比优化前的469.13U/g高了11.35%.结论:利用响应面法获得了米曲霉发酵玉米秸秆产纤维素酶饲料的最佳发酵条件.     

响应面法优化复合益生菌固体发酵麸皮工艺

利用响应面法对复合益生菌发酵小麦麸皮生产多酚的工艺进行优化,为小麦麸皮发酵工业化生产提供参考。本试验采用Plackett-Burman设计法对影响麸皮发酵产生多酚的8个影响因子重要性进行考察,筛选出具有显著性影响的主效应因素,再通过最陡爬坡试验确定试验中心点,利用响应面分析法确定各显著影响因子的最佳水平。最终确定优化后的发酵工艺为:豆粕添加量为1%,糖蜜添加量为1%,NHS05接种量为7.5%,NHS03接种量为1%,NHS01接种量为1%,含水量为35.5%,培养温度为25℃,发酵时间为105.8 h。优化后复合益生菌发酵麸皮产生多酚产量从2.43 mg·g^-1增至4.54 mg·g^-1,提高了1.88倍。     

爱尔兰帚霉产低温纤维素酶的酶学性质和发酵工艺

本文旨在对爱尔兰帚霉E71702M菌株产低温纤维素酶的酶学性质进行初步研究,并获得其最优发酵条件,为低温纤维素酶开发利用提供参考。通过单因素试验确定温度、pH及金属离子对纤维素酶活力的影响;以Plackett-Burman试验设计从8个培养条件中筛选出影响产酶的3个主要因素,即麸皮含量、装瓶量和起始pH;运用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法确定这3个主要因素的最优发酵条件。对酶学性质的初步研究表明,该酶最适pH为3.0,最适反应温度为30℃,在0℃时残余酶活力为最适反应温度时的56.3%。响应面分析得到最优发酵条件为:麸皮含量8.79g/L、装瓶量40.93m L、初始pH 4.01。通过优化,纤维素酶活力由0.6338IU/m L提高到1.7386IU/m L,提高了174%。     

青霉SWD-28产低温纤维素酶发酵培养基研究

目的:对青霉(Penicillium sp.)SWD-28发酵生产低温纤维素酶的培养基进行优化.方法:在单因素试验的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman(P-B)设计和响应面试验设计(RSM)对产酶进行优化.结果:影响SWD-28产酶的主要因素为玉米粉、硫酸铵和麸皮的添加量.培养基最佳组成浓度为玉米粉2.2%,硫酸铵0.24%,麸皮1.5%,磷酸二氢钾 0.2%,氯化钠 1%,硫酸镁 0.04%,氯化钙 0.03%,吐温-80 0.08%. 结论:此时滤纸酶活力为109.8U/mL,是优化前的2.25倍.     

绿色木霉ZY-1固态发酵产纤维素酶

利用筛选的绿色木霉ZY-1（Trichoderma viride ZY-1）固态发酵产纤维素酶,采用稻草和麸皮为底物,考察稻草与麸皮比例随发酵时间对产酶的影响。结果表明：底物中,在m（稻草）：m（麸皮）为0：5和1：4时,发酵48h,pH保持4．5左右,还原糖量急剧上升,胞外蛋白产量最低;仅以稻草作底物时,整个发酵过程中pH约为7,还原糖量最低,胞外蛋白产量较高而滤纸酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶（CMCase）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-Gase）酶活均较低;在m（稻草）：m（麸皮）为3：2时,发酵96h,滤纸酶活达最大值5．01U／g干曲;m（稻草）：m（麸皮）为1：4时,发酵96h,β-Gase酶活达最大值4．6U／g干曲;m（稻草）：m（麸皮）为4：1时,发酵72h,CMCase酶活达最大值6．01U／g干曲。因此,底物中存在适量的稻草和麸皮有利于Trichoderma viride ZY—1产纤维素酶。     

产纤维素酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及产酶条件的优化

采集新疆吐鲁番地区土样,从中分离筛选1株产纤维素酶菌株C-8;经形态观察、生理生化及16S rRNA序列分析,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。该菌株所产纤维素酶的最适合作用pH和温度分别为9.0、40℃,且具有良好的pH稳定性和温度稳定性。为了提高C-8菌株产纤维素酶能力,利用响应面法对其发酵产酶条件进行优化。采用Plackett-Burman设计筛选出影响其产酶条件的3个主效应因素,最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应值区域,利用Box-Behnken响应面分析法优化发酵产酶条件。结果表明,起始pH、CMC-Na%和培养温度为主要影响因素。通过三因素三水平的响应面分析得到最优条件为起始pH8.0、CMCNa%2.5%、培养温度28℃。在此条件下纤维素酶活可达193.89 U/mL,与优化前相比,酶活提高2.35倍。     

黑曲霉AF-98固体发酵产纤维素酶的产酶条件研究

通过单因子及正交试验,对黑曲霉AF-98固体发酵产纤维素酶的产酶条件进行了探讨。其优化的产酶条件为:甘蔗渣3g,麸皮2g,加含尿素为0.15%的Mandels营养液25mL(加水比1:5),调初始pH5.0,28℃发酵72h。在此优化条件下,纤维素酶活力可达7.56u/g干曲。     

响应面法优化洋葱假单胞菌产脂肪酶液体发酵工艺

用响应面法对洋葱假单胞菌G-63液体发酵产脂肪酶条件进行了优化。首先运用单因子试验筛选出麦芽糖和豆粉水解液为最适碳源和氮源。在此基础上,通过Plackett-Burman设计试验,对影响产酶条件的11个相关因子进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因子:橄榄油、豆饼粉水解液以及初始pH值。在用最陡爬坡实验逼近以上3个因子的最大响应区域后,采用响应面分析法,确定出橄榄油、豆粉水解液的最佳浓度和最佳初始pH值分别为4.337%,1.956%和8.38。优化后液体发酵培养基中脂肪酶活力提高到44.39 U/mL,比初始酶活13.45 U/mL提高了3.3倍。     

表面活性剂对绿色木霉产纤维素酶影响

利用绿色木霉,以稻草为唯一碳源,采用液态发酵的方法,分别加入生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和化学表面活性剂Tween 80,重点研究了生物表面活性剂对绿色木霉产纤维素酶的影响。实验分析了加入不同浓度的表面活性剂时滤纸酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶活、微晶纤维素酶活及酶液的表面张力随时间的变化情况。结果表明,添加鼠李糖脂能够促进绿色木霉产酶,分别使滤纸酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶活、微晶纤维素酶活最大提高了1.08倍,1.6倍和1.03倍。与Tween 80相比,鼠李糖脂促进产酶的效果明显优于Tween 80。     

绿色木霉在啤酒糟基质上产纤维素酶条件的优化

对绿色木霉接种到啤酒糟固态发酵产纤维素酶的培养基和培养条件进行优化,考察发酵物料起始含水量、发酵时间、起始pH值等发酵条件,以及啤酒糟培养基中添加麸皮、氮源种类对产酶的影响。结果表明,以啤酒糟为发酵基质接种绿色木霉生产纤维素酶是可行的。经单因素和正交试验获得最适固态发酵的培养条件为:起始pH 5~6,培养温度28~30℃,发酵4 d;最佳发酵培养基组合为:麸皮比例30%,培养基起始含水量50%,(NH₄)₂SO₄添加量为2.0%~2.5%。     

The stimulatory effects of surfactants on composting of waste rich in cellulose

The chemical surfactant Tween 80 and biosurfactant rhamnolipid were respectively added to the composting substrate, a mixture of rice straw and bran, and their effects on the composting process were investigated. Samples were analysed for microbial communities of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, carboxymethylcellulose hydrolysis (CMCase) and xylanase activities, cellulose and hemicellulose fractions, water-soluble carbon (WSC) contents in the substrates, organic matter contents and pH values during the composting process. The results showed that both Tween 80 and rhamnolipid had slight stimulatory effects on the microbial populations of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. In addition, rhamnolipid increased the peak xylanase activity 15% higher than that of the control, while Tween 80 increased the maximum CMCase activity 35% higher than that of the control. As a result of the increased enzyme activities, treatments with Tween 80 and rhamnolipid were of higher WSC contents than the control during the whole composting process. Accordingly, the composting process was accelerated by the surfactants, since the organic matter was decomposed more quickly and the breakdown of cellulose and hemicellulose was better in the treatments with Tween 80 and rhamnolipid.     

青霉F10-2固态发酵植物农药残渣产纤维素酶

采用单因素试验观察了不同C、N源、植物提取残渣与麦麸比例、初始pH和水料比对青霉F10-2菌株产纤维素酶的影响;在此基础上根据Box-w ilson的中心组合试验设计原理,选取蛋白胨、初始pH和水料比等影响因素,采用三因素五水平的响应面分析方法,对瓦克青霉F10-2的固态产纤维素酶条件进行了优化。其优化后的产酶条件为m(川楝树皮残渣)∶m(麦麸)∶m(蛋白胨)∶m(KH2PO4)=80∶20∶1.4∶0.4、初始pH 6.2、水料比2∶1、26℃发酵8 d,在此条件下纤维素酶比酶活可达6.47 U/g,较原始培养条件提高了46.38%。     

低温脂肪酶产生菌的筛选、产酶发酵及粗酶性质研究

利用含有Tween 80的琼脂平板和摇瓶发酵法,从若尔盖高原土壤中筛选产脂肪酶菌株.通过菌落形态和菌体特征观察初步对菌种进行鉴定,得到一株产低温脂肪酶的适冷菌Pseudomonassp.DL-B,并设计正交试验对该菌株的产酶发酵培养条件进行了优化.摇瓶实验表明,该菌株最适产酶发酵培养基为:蔗糖10 g/L,蛋白胨20 ...     

极地适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. QI-1产适冷蛋白酶发酵条件的优化

对极地适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. QI-1产适冷蛋白酶的发酵条件进行优化。结果表明:菌株QI-1的最适生长和产酶温度均为5℃;最佳接种量为1%;发酵培养基的最适初始pH和最佳装样量分别为5和10%;盐度为2%时对菌株的生长和产酶最为有利;麸皮和醋酸钠分别为最佳N源和C源;添加0.75%酪蛋白时菌株QI-1胞外蛋白酶的活性最高;10 mmol/L Mg2+和0.5%Tween-80有利于产酶。正交试验结果表明:菌株Pseudoalteromonassp. QI-1产蛋白酶较佳培养基配方(g/L)为麸皮5,酵母粉2.5,酪蛋白3,MgCl2.6H2O 3,KCl 1.5;发酵液比酶活为166.20 U/mL,较优化前提高了约56%。     

Pretreatment of rice straw using an extrusion/extraction process at bench-scale for producing cellulosic ethanol

A combination of a twin-screw extrusion and an acid-catalyzed hot water extraction process performed at a bench-scale was used to prepare high monomeric xylose hydrolysate for cellulosic production. The influences of the screw speed (30-150 rpm), barrel temperature (80-160 °C) and corresponding specific mechanical energy of the extruder on the structural properties of the pretreated rice straw, sugar concentration and conversion were investigated. The optimal condition for the extrusion step was determined to be 40 rpm with 3% H2SO4 at 120 °C; the optimal condition for the extraction step was determined to be 130 °C for 20 min. After the pretreatment at the optimal condition, 83.7% of the xylan was converted to monomeric xylose, and the concentration reached levels of 53.7 g/L. Finally, after the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, an 80% yield of the total saccharification was obtained.     

冬虫夏草无性型—中国被毛孢固态发酵条件的初步研究

采用以麦角甾醇含量为指标间接测定固态发酵产物生物量的方法,对冬虫夏草无性型—中国被毛孢的固态发酵条件进行了研究。正交试验结果表明固态发酵最佳培养基组成为：大米5g,玉米粉2g,蚕蛹粉1g,麸皮2g;单因素试验结果表明：当培养温度20℃、料水比1：1.5、料层厚度2cm、无光照时对菌体生长较为有利。发酵条件优化后,菌丝体中麦角甾醇的含量可达0.5911mg/g,比优化前提高了38.6%。     

低能离子注入技术诱变选育木聚糖酶高产菌

利用离子束注入技术对木聚糖酶产生菌黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)A3进行诱变筛选,得到高产菌株N212。通过正交设计实验,优化了该高产菌的液体发酵条件,发现适合产酶的培养基是:8%玉米芯,1.0%麸皮,0.1%吐温80,0.5%(NH4)2SO4,0.5%NaNO3,其他无机盐的成分与M ande ls营养盐液中的成分一样,pH5.4。在优化后的培养条件下N212的产酶达到600 IU/mL。     

Single cell oil production in solid-state fermentation by Microsphaeropsis sp. from steam-exploded wheat straw mixed with wheat bran

Microsphaeropsis sp. was used to produce SCO in solid-state fermentation (SSF) from a substrate consisting of steam-exploded wheat straw (SEWS) and wheat bran (WB). The yield of SCO was 42 mg/g dry substrate (gds) without adding cellulase. To achieve a higher SCO yield, cellulase was added to the solid-state medium, resulting in an increase of SCO from 42 to 74 mg/gds with a cellulase loading of 10 FPU/gds. Other SSF parameters such as ratio of SEWS to WB of the dry substrate, initial moisture content, and incubation temperature were optimized under the condition of cellulase loading of 10 FPU/gds. So optimized, the SCO yield was 80 mg/gds, and the SCO content of the dry fermented mass was 10.2%. This research explored a novel method to produce SCO from the abundant and cheap agricultural residues - wheat straw and wheat bran.     

Optimization of a medium for enhancing nicotine biodegradation by Ochrobactrum intermedium DN2

AIMS: To optimize a medium for nicotine degradation by Ochrobactrum intermedium DN2 in presence of yeast extract, glucose and Tween 80 using response surface methodology (RSM). METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the effects of yeast extract, glucose and Tween 80 on nicotine degradation were investigated in flasks using a novel nicotine-degrading bacterium, O. intermedium DN2. A full factorial central composite design was applied in the design of experiments and in the analysis of the experimental data. The results showed that the most significant variable influencing nicotine degradation was yeast extract, followed by glucose, and then Tween 80. Moreover these three factors interacted with each other and combined to produce positive effects on nicotine degradation. The experimental data also allowed the development of an empirical model (P < 0.0001) describing the inter-relationship between independent and dependent variables. By solving the regression equation, the optimal values of the variables were determined as: yeast extracts 0.094%, glucose 0.101% and Tween 80 0.080%. Using the medium obtained, about 1,220 mg l(-1) of nicotine was degraded (95.55%) within 10 h at the specific biodegradation of 116.59 mg l(-1) h(-1) in 30-l bioreactor containing 25-l tobacco extract. CONCLUSIONS: An optimal medium of nicotine degradation by the strain DN2 was obtained. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: RSM proved to be reliable in developing the model, optimizing factors and analysing interaction effects. The results provide better understanding on the interactions between yeast extract, glucose and Tween 80 for nicotine biodegradation.