Transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus by Frankliniella occidentalism median acquisition and inoculation access period

To quantify the transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) by Frankliniella occidentalis, the median acquisition access period (AAP₅₀) and median inoculation access period (IAP₅₀) were determined. These parameters were established using transmission rates obtained after AAPs and in IAPs which both ranged from 5 to 2560 min. An AAP₅₀ of 106 min was found when larvae acquired virus from TSWV-infected Impatiens plants. IAP₅₀s of 58 or 137 min, respectively, were calculated when petunia or Datura stramonium leaf disks were used to test the inoculation efficiency of viruliferous thrips. The virus could successfully be acquired or inoculated in periods of 5 min. Transmission reached an optimum after an AAP of 21.3 h (AAP_opt) and in an IAP of 42.7 h (IAP_opt). These results show that TSWV can be acquired and transmitted efficiently by F. occidentalis in short feeding periods.     

Lumicella,a new genus of the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera,Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from China

Lumicella rotundata gen. et sp. n. is described based on specimens from Fujian Province, China. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of this new species are provided. Differences between the new genus and closely related genera are discussed.     

Biology and natural enemies of the leafhopper Balclutha incisa (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) in south-western Australia

Abstract  Balclutha incisa is a widely distributed leafhopper common on grasses. In Perth, Western Australia, crab grass ( Digitaria sanguinalis ) and veldt grass ( Ehrharta longiflora ) were identified as host plants. Mating and subsequent oviposition occurred in late summer to early winter (August) on the panicles and stems of crab grass. We describe the biology and phenology of B. incisa within a restricted habitat over a 2-year period and we comment on oviposition sites, eggs and emergence of B. incisa . We describe the behaviour of two main predators, the Pacific damsel bug, Nabis kinbergii Reuter and muscid fly belonging to the genus Coenosia Meigen , particularly in regard to their response to visual and auditory signals produced by the leafhoppers.     

Differential acquisition of chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma by three leafhopper species

Chrysanthemum yellows (CY) phytoplasma has been transmitted with three leafhopper species: Euscelidius variegatus (Kirschbaum), Macrosteles quadripunctulatus (Kirschbaum) and Euscelis incisus (Kirschbaum): the first two species are reported as CY phytoplasma vectors for the first time. Leafhoppers were allowed to acquire the pathogen from the following source plants: Apium graveolens L., Catharanthus roseus L., Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousboe L. and C. frutescens L. DNA extracted from healthy or inoculative leafhoppers-exposed plants were analyzed by dot-blot and Southern hybridizations with a molecular probe constructed onto a fragment of European aster yellows phytoplasma DNA. The three leafhopper species were able to transmit CY phytoplasma after acquisition on chrysanthemum, but only M. quadripunctulatus and E. variegatus transmitted after feeding on periwinkle, and none acquired it from celery. All plant species tested were susceptible to CY, but while chrysanthemum and periwinkle were suitable for both inoculation and acquisition, celery did not seem to be a good source of phytoplasma for further inoculations. It is concluded that host plants influence leafhoppers' vectoring ability, possibly due to the different feeding behaviour of the insects on diverse plant species. Since CY, like several other phytoplasmas, can be transmitted by different insect species, it is likely that a close transmission specificity probably does not exist between phytoplasmas and their leafhopper vectors.     

First record of the grape leafhopper Erythroneura vulnerata Fitch (Hom., Cicadellidae) in Europe

Abstract:  The leafhopper Erythroneura vulnerata Fitch is native to North America, where it infests wild and cultivated grapes. In July 2004, E. vulnerata was recorded for the first time on Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) in north-eastern Italy (Veneto region). This record is assumed to be the first in Europe. Preliminary observations on the pest distribution, seasonal abundance and the extent of symptoms in north-eastern Italy are reported.     

条大叶蝉属二新种记述（同翅目：大叶蝉科）

本描述条大叶蝉属(Atkinsoniella Distant)2新种：瘤突条大叶蝉Atkinsoniella tylata sp．nov和黑翅条大叶蝉Atkinsoniella nigripennis sp．nov。模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

四川条大叶蝉属二新种(同翅目：大叶蝉科)

记述采自四川的条大叶蝉属二新种：中带条大叶蝉Atkinsoniella mediofasciola sp. nov. 和叉端条大叶蝉A. furcula sp. nov.。模式标本保存在贵州大学农学院昆虫研究所。     

中国窗翅叶蝉属三新种和-新纪录种(同翅目:大叶蝉科)

记述窗翅叶蝉属3新种:枝茎窗翅叶蝉Mileewa branchiuma sp.nov.、黑尾窗翅叶蝉M.nigricauda sp.nov.和褐点窗翅叶蝉M.mira sp.nov..对它们的形态特征和雄性外生殖器构造作了详细描述,并附主要特征图.中国新纪录种:乌苏窗翅叶蝉M.ussurica Anufriev在本文中记载.     

贵州斑大叶蝉属三新种(同翅目：大叶蝉科)

沪述斑大叶蝉属Anatkina Yorng3新种,即蓝斑大叶蝉A.livimacula sp.nov.;红翅政大叶蝉A.rubipennis sp.nov.;双条斑大叶蝉A.bistriata sp.nov.,模式标本保存在贵州大学农学院。     

捷克Moravian博物馆馆藏巨索杆蝉属两种的再描记（同翅目：叶蝉科：杆叶蝉亚科）

作为杆叶蝉亚科分类订正研究的一部分,本文依据捷克Moravian 博物馆收藏的Karasekia 属的模式标本和定名标本及英国自然博物馆（BM）馆藏定名标本对该属20世纪初记述的该属2个已知种作了再描记、绘出了形态特征图,并补充了属征。所有研究标本均归还原所属博物馆保藏。 巨索杆蝉属Karasekia Melichar Karasekia Melichar, 1912c117. 模式种 巨索杆蝉Karasekia lata (Melichar)。 分布 非洲。 1．巨索杆蝉Karasekia lata (Melichar) （图1） Wolfella lata Melichar,1905a299. Karasekia lata (Melichar), Melichar,1912c118. 分布 Tanganyika, 非洲。 观察标本 1♀ (正模,无腹部和前胸背板), Amani, 1904-Ⅲ-23, L. Melichar 采;1♂, Maherangulu, 东非;标本均借自 Moravian Museum, Brno。 2．冠齿巨索杆蝉Karasekia pugionata Melichar (图2) Karasekia pugionata Melichar, 1912c118. 分布Tanganyika, 肯尼亚,非洲。 观察标本 2♀♀(全模标本,MM),Maherangulu, 东非,L.Melichar 采。 1♂( ?, 无腹部末端), 1♀（BM,1961-343）, 肯尼亚Emali Range, Sultan Hamud, (1493 m～1798 m), P. E. S.和 E. M. Whalley采;2♀♀（BM,1961-343）,肯尼亚Wandanyi (1524 m),P. E. S. 和E. M. Whalley采;W. Knight鉴定。     

中国扁叶蝉属二新种(同翅目,叶蝉科)

记述扁叶蝉属2新种,黄斑扁叶蝉Penthimia fulviguttata sp.nov和茂兰扁叶蝉Penthimia maolanensis sp.nov,模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

Behavioral evidence that the precibarial sensilla of leafhoppers are chemosensory and function in host discrimination

Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) possess epi-and hypopharyngeal chemosensilla within the head. In this paper, we describe the behaviors of leafhoppers (Graphocephala atropunctata Signoret) which have had two of the four main nerves to these sensilla cut. Insects with severed nerves (treated) and control insects (both sham-operated and normal) were offered a choice of two small mustard leaves infused with either distilled water or a 5% sucrose solution. The control insects showed a preference for the 5% sucrose leaf, whereas the treated leafhoppers did not; they distributed themselves on both leaves with similar frequency. Thus, severing the nerves of only half of the precibarial chemosensilla (epipharyngeal organ) resulted in major changes in leafhopper feeding behavior. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the precibarial chemosensilla mediate gustatory discrimination of chemical compounds within the plant.

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Résumé Les cicadelles (Homoptera) possèdent dans la tête des sensilles gustatives sur l'épi et l'hypopharynx. Cette note décrit le comportement de Graphocephala atropunctata Signoret dont deux des quatre principaux nerfs de ces sensilles ont été coupés. Le choix entre des petites feuilles de moutarde infusées, soit dans de l'eau distillée, soit dans une solution de sucrose à 5%, a été proposé à ces insectes et à deux catégories de témoins, les uns intacts, les autres ayant subi une opération à blanc. Les témoins ont montré une préférence pour les feuilles traitées au sucrose, mais pas les cicadelles aux nerfs sectionnés. Les insectes sectionnés ont perforé les deux types de feuilles avec les mêmes fréquences. Ainsi la section de la moitié seulement des nerfs des sensilles gustatives précibariales (organe épipharyngien) a induit un changement fondamental du comportement alimentaire des cicadelles. Cette expérience appuie l'hypothèse selon laquelle les sensilles précibariales fournissent la discrimination gustative des composés chimiques de la plante.

     

中国坦小叶蝉属研究(同翅目:叶蝉科:小叶蝉亚科)

记述坦小叶蝉属9新种,中国1新纪录种和1新组合,确认了1新异名,编制了中国坦小叶蝉属种检索表。模式标本均保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

福建武夷山条大叶蝉属一新种(同翅目:大叶蝉科)

本文记述条大叶蝉属１新种：指突条大叶蝉Ａｔｋｉｎｓｏｎｉｅｌｌａ ｄａｃｔｙｌｉａ Ｙａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。文中详细描记了新种的外部形态牲和雄虫外生殖器构造,并附主要特征图。     

THREE NEW SPECIES OF LODIANA (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) FROM CHINA

Abstract This paper deals with 3 new leaf hopper species of the genus Lodiana Nielson from China, i.e., Lodiana platyfasciata, L. harnularis and L. kuohi . Type specimens are deposited in Department of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University.     

肖点耳叶蝉属二新种 (同翅目：叶蝉科：耳叶蝉亚科)

记述了在中国云南省和贵州省采集的肖点耳叶蝉属Midoria Kato二新种：何氏肖点耳叶蝉M.hei新种和环突肖点耳叶蝉M.annulata新种,并对属征补充描记,附分种检索表。模式标本保存在安徽农业大学昆虫标本室。