Inhibiting effect of cholera vibrio neuraminidase in Rauscher mouse leukemia]

A study was made of the inhibitory effect of neuraminidase of cholera vibrio in mouse Rauscher leukemia. It was shown that the processing of cells of the spleen of mice suffering from leukemia with neuraminidase (in a dose of 50 units/ml and more) significantly inhibited the capacity of these cells to induce leukemia in their injection to BALB/c mice. In the mentioned concentration neuraminidase injected repeatedly parenterally produced no therapeutic effect in Rauscher leukemia.     

Role of reactions of large-capacity blood vessels in the pathogenesis of experimental cardiogenic shock]

Reaction of the capacitance vessels of the abdominal cavity and the pelvis was studied in dogs with the cardiotoxic myocardial necrosis complicated by the cardiogenic shock. The deposit of a significant volume of the circulating blood in the venous part of the vascular reservoir of the abdominal cavity and the pelvis was observed in the course of the first minutes of acute myocardial necrosis. A substantial role of reduction of the venous return to the heart in the pathogenesis of the hemodynamic disturbances accompanying the development of the cardiogenic shock is emphasized.     

Isolation of parahemolytic vibrions from persons with acute gastrointestinal diseases]

Galophilic vibrios were for the first time in the Soviet Union isolated from the patients with gastrointestinal diseases in Novorossiisk during the summer-autumn period of 1973. The greatest number of strains of the parahemolytic vibrios was isolated in August and September, during intensive fishing season, from the patients in whom the disease usually developed 6 to 12 hours after eating the sea fish. The parahemolytic vibrios isolated from the patients were typical by all signs and produced a marked hemolysis on the Wagatsuma medium. The halophilic vibrios are inhabitants of the Black Sea. During the years of 1972-1973 there were isolated 109 strains of V. paraheamolyticus and 133 strains of V. alginolyticus from the sea water and various hydrobionts.     

Role of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of experimental glaucoma

It has been shown in experiments on rabbits that alpha-and beta-adrenoblockers, and lithium chloride solution exert different effect on intraocular tension of healthy animals with experimental glaucoma and transitory hypertension. The beta-blockker obsidan decreases the tension in experimental glaucoma. Pretreatment with the drug prevents the development of glaucoma. On the contrary, the alpha-blocker pirroxan promotes the development of glaucoma and does not elicit any hypotensive therapeutic effect. The drug-induced decrease in intraocular tension was recorded in healthy animals and in rabbits with transitory hypertensin of the eye. The hypotensive effect of lithium was noted only in the animals with experimental glaucoma. The role of alpha-and beta-adrenergic receiption in the pathogenesis of glaucoma is discussed.     

Role of the kidneys in the pathogenesis of lithium poisoning]

Lithium intoxication was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of lithium chloride in a daily dose of 200 mg/kg (0.22 LD50) for 6 days. Polyuria connected with pathological changes in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules and depression of the antidiuretic hormone--acid mucopolysaccharides system in the area of the straight kidney tubules was observed on the 6th day of the experiments. Oligouria and death of some of the animals on the 7th experimental day was caused by severe lesions the kidney structure. Further observation (30 days) demonstrated that, along with the regeneration processes, there developed a marked sclerosing ofthe kidney tissue. A conclusion was drawn that severe lithium intoxication was associated with the development of acute renal insufficiency. Functional reserves of the kidneys after the cessation of lithium chloride administration remained lowered for a long period.     

Apudocytes in experimental cholera vaccination

The morphofunctional state of apudocytes in the gastrointestinal tract and immunocompetent organs (spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes) of mice immunized with chemical bivalent cholera vaccine was studied. The study revealed that the APUD system of the intestine and the argyrophil elements of the immunocompetent organs of white mice gave a response to the oral administration of commercial cholera vaccine. The reaction of the APUD system of the gastrointestinal tract was manifested by a significant increase in the number of apudocytes and their greater synthesizing activity in the immunized animals during the period of maximum immunological transformation of the macroorganism. The immunization of mice with Vibrio cholerae facilitated the maintenance of homeostasis in the macroorganism and prevented appearance of morphological disturbances in its organs and system after subsequent challenge with V. cholerae.     

Experimental cholera in guinea pigs. II. Pathogenesis of experimental infection]

It was found by bacteriological, anatomo-pathological and histological studies that intrapulmonary administration to guinea pigs of a suspension of the cholera causative agent containing colloidal substances (peptone, gelatine, agar-agar) caused primary reproduction of vibrios in the pulmonary tissue and the pleural exudate. From the lungs the microbes penetrated by hematogenic route into the liver and the bile system and with the flow of the infected bile entered the small intestine. Intestinal affection by the type of specific enteritis developed as a result of intensive vibrio reproduction in the submucous layer.     

The phenomenon of tachyphylaxis in the pathogenesis of an experimental infectious process]

Experiments on mice have revealed that the development of experimental purulent infection is accompanied by a considerable increase in the nonspecific resistance of the animals to additional infection with unrelated bacteria (the effect of tachyphylaxis). Morphologically, this is manifested by the rapid limitation of the focus of inflammation at the site of inoculation of the superinfecting agent. The state of the phagocytic apparatus is of great importance for this phenomenon as disturbances in the macrophage activity caused by the injection of carrageenan abolish the protective effect of primary infection. The phenomenon of tachyphylaxis has been shown to play a certain role in the prevention of the septic generalization of the process and in resistance to superinfection.     

Effect of intestinal microflora on the pathogenesis of cholera intoxication

Germ-free minipigs, previously treated with bacteroids, develop cholinergic reaction after the intragastric administration of Vibrio cholerae exotoxin. The intensity of this reaction, disturbances in homeostasis, and the character of morphological changes depend on the dose of choleragen, the bacteroid strain, and the presence of the concomitant (Escherichia coli) and residual microflora in the intestine.     

Role of alimentary hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of several disorders of lipid metabolism]

Alimentary hyperglycemia in rabbits was found to be accompanied by increase in cholesterol level, as well as in the amount of triglycerides in the blood sera. Progressive increase in the serum concentration of pre-beta lipoproteids (serving as endogenous tryglyceride carrier) has also been demonstrated. A short-term feeding with cholesterol against the background of hyperglycemia in rabbits appeared to result in early marked atherosclerotic changes, as compared to those in control group of normoglycemic animals.