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1.
Identification of Two Blast Resistance Genes in a Rice Variety, Digu 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
X. W. Chen S. G. Li J. C. Xu W. X. Zhai Z. Z. Ling B. T. Ma Y. P. Wang W. M. Wang G. Cao Y. Q. Ma J. J. Shang X. F. Zhao K. D. Zhou L. H. Zhu 《Journal of Phytopathology》2004,152(2):77-85
Blast, caused by Magnaporthe grisea is one of most serious diseases of rice worldwide. A Chinese local rice variety, Digu, with durable blast resistance, is one of the important resources for rice breeding for resistance to blast (M. grisea) in China. The objectives of the current study were to assess the identity of the resistance genes in Digu and to determine the chromosomal location by molecular marker tagging. Two susceptible varieties to blast, Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and Jiangnanxiangnuo (JNXN), a number of different varieties, each containing one blast resistance gene, Piks, Pia, Pik, Pi‐b, Pi‐kp, Pi‐ta2, Pi‐ta, Pi‐z, Pi‐i, Pi‐km, Pi‐zt, Pi‐t and Pi‐11, and the progeny populations from the crosses between Digu and each of these varieties were analysed with Chinese blast isolates. We found that the resistance of Digu to each of the two Chinese blast isolates, ZB13 and ZB15, were controlled by two single dominant genes, separately. The two genes are different from the known blast resistance genes and, therefore, designated as Pi‐d(t)1 and Pi‐d(t)2. By using bulked segregation method and molecular marker analysis in corresponding F2 populations, Pi‐d(t)1 was located on chromosome 2 with a distance of 1.2 and 10.6 cM to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers G1314A and G45, respectively. And Pi‐d(t)2 was located on chromosome 6 with a distance of 3.2 and 3.4 cM to simple sequence repeat markers RM527 and RM3, respectively. We also developed a novel strategy of resistance gene analogue (RGA) assay with uneven polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to further tag the two genes and successfully identified two RGA markers, SPO01 and SPO03, which were co‐segregated toPi‐d(t)1 and Pi‐d(t)2, respectively, in their corresponding F2 populations. These results provide essential information for further utilization of the Digu's blast resistance genes in rice disease resistance breeding and positional cloning of these genes. 相似文献
2.
Neutral and pathogenicity markers were used to analyse the population structure of Magnaporthe grisea rice isolates from the north‐western Himalayan region of India. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)‐based DNA fingerprinting of 48 rice isolates of M. grisea with five primers (OPA‐04, OPA‐10, OPA‐13, OPJ‐06 and OPJ‐19) showed a total of 65 RAPD bands, of which 54 were polymorphic. Cluster analysis of 48 rice isolates of M. grisea on the basis of these 65 RAPD bands revealed the presence of high genotypic diversity and continuous DNA fingerprint variation in the pathogen population. No correlation was observed between RAPD patterns and virulence characteristics of the pathogen. The observed population structure contrasted with presumed clonal reproductive behaviour of the pathogen and indicated the possibility of ongoing genetic recombination in the pathogen population. Analysis of the virulence organization of five RAPD groups (RG1–RG5) using 20 rice genotypes comprising at least 15 resistance genes revealed that no combination of resistance genes would confer resistance against all RAPD fingerprint groups present in the M. grisea rice population. The possible implications of the observed population structure of M. grisea for blast resistance breeding have been discussed. 相似文献
3.
To facilitate resistance gene characterization in the present study, the pathogenicities of newly collected blast isolates from rice fields in the Philippines were characterized using international blast differential varieties consisting of 31 monogenic lines that target 24 resistance genes. To classify and designate the blast isolates, we used a new international blast designation system, which has been proposed as a suitable naming system for comparing blast races among different studies. A total of 23 rice blast isolates collected from the Philippines were classified into 16 pathotypes, which showed reaction patterns different from those seen in the standard isolates. Among the blast pathotypes, 11 had differentiating ability for four Pik alleles (Pik, Pik‐m, Pik‐h, and Pik‐p) and Pi1, whereas the standard blast isolates from the Philippines were not able to differentiate these genes. In addition, several blast isolates were avirulent to IRBLt‐K59, IRBL19‐A, and Lijiangxintuanheigu, although the standard differential blast isolates were virulent to these lines. Moreover, two blast isolates were virulent to a monogenic line, IRBL9‐W, which harbours Pi9 and was resistant to all standard differential blast isolates. By using the isolates avirulent to IRBL19‐A, Pi19(t) was successfully mapped in the centromeric region on chromosome 12 with simple sequence repeat markers RM27937 and RM1337. These markers are useful for marker‐assisted Pi19(t) introgression worldwide. 相似文献
4.
5.
Wei Li Cailin Lei Zhijun Cheng Yulin Jia Dongyi Huang Jiulin Wang Jiankang Wang Xin Zhang Ning Su Xiuping Guo Huqu Zhai Jianmin Wan 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2008,22(1):141-149
The Pi20(t) gene was determined to confer a broad-spectrum resistance against diverse blast pathotypes (races) in China based on inoculation
experiments utilizing 160 Chinese Magnaporthe oryzae (formerly Magnaporthe grisea) isolates, among which isolate 98095 can specifically differentiate the Pi20(t) gene present in cv. IR24. Two flanking and three co-segregating simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for Pi20(t), located near the centromere region of chromosome 12, were identified using 526 extremely susceptible F2 plants derived from a cross of Asominori, an extremely susceptible cultivar, with resistant cultivar IR24. The SSR OSR32
was mapped at a distance of 0.2 cM from Pi20(t), and the SSR RM28050 was mapped to the other side of Pi20(t) at a distance of 0.4 cM. The other three SSR markers, RM1337, RM5364 and RM7102, co-segregated with Pi20(t). RM1337 and RM5364 were found to be reliable markers of resistance conditioned by Pi20(t) in a wide range of elite rice germplasm in China. As such, they are useful tags in marker-assisted rice breeding programs
aimed at incorporating Pi20(t) into advanced rice breeding lines and, ultimately, at obtaining a durable and broad spectrum of resistance to M. oryaze.
Wei Li and Cailin Lei contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
6.
Mating-type Distribution and Fertility Status in Magnaporthe grisea Populations from Argentina 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Isolates of Magnaporthe grisea causing gray leaf spot on rice were collected in Argentina and analyzed for mating distribution and fertility. One hundred
and twenty-five isolates of M. grisea were collected from rice plants between 2000 and 2003. Each isolate was tested for mating type through a polymerase chain
reaction based assay. All M. grisea isolates from Argentina belonged to a single mating type, MAT1.1. The fertility status of isolates was determined using controlled crosses in vitro, pairing each isolate with GUY11 and KA9 (MAT1.2 standard hermaphroditic testers). Production of perithecia was scarce among
isolates of the blast pathogen since a low percentage of them (7.2%) developed perithecia with only one of the fertile tester
(KA9); all crosses failed with the other tester strain. Asci and ascospores were not observed. The presence of only one mating
type and the absence of female fertile isolates indicate that sexual reproduction is rare or absent in M. grisea populations associated with rice in Argentina. 相似文献
7.
Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea, is a globally important disease of rice that causes annual yield losses. The segregation of genes controlling the virulence
of M. grisea on rice was studied to establish the genetic basis of cultivar specificity in the interaction of rice and M. grisea. The segregation of avirulence and virulence was studied in 87 M. grisea F1 progeny isolates from a cross of two isolates, Guy11 and JS153, using resistance-gene-differential rice cultivars. The segregation
ratio indicated that avirulence and virulence in the rice cultivars Aichi–asahi and K59, respectively, are controlled by single
major genes. Genetic analyses of backcrosses and full-sib crosses in these populations were also performed. The χ2 test of goodness-of-fitness for a 1:1 ratio indicated that one dominant gene controls avirulence in Aichi-asahi and K59 in
this population. Based on the resistance reactions of rice differential lines harboring known resistance genes to the parental
isolates, two genetically independent avirulence genes, AVR–Pit and AVR–Pia, were identified. Genetic linkage analysis showed that the SSR marker m355–356 is closely linked to AVR–Pit, on the telomere of chromosome 1 at a distance of approximately 2.3 cM. The RAPD marker S487, which was converted to a sequence-characterized
amplified region (SCAR) marker, was found to be closely linked to AVR–Pia, on the chromosome 7 telomere at a distance of 3.5 cM. These molecular markers will facilitate the positional cloning of
the two AVR genes, and can be applied to molecular-marker-assisted studies of M. grisea populations. 相似文献
8.
9.
G. Tacconi V. Baldassarre C. Lanzanova O. Faivre-Rampant S. Cavigiolo S. Urso E. Lupotto G. Valè 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,26(4):595-617
Cultivated European rice germplasm is generally characterized by moderate to high sensitivity to blast, and blast resistance
is therefore one of the most important traits to improve in rice breeding. We collected a panel of 25 rice genotypes containing
13 broad range rice resistance genes that are commonly used in breeding programs around the world: Pi1, Pi2, Pi5, Pi7, Pi9, Pi33, Pib, Pik, Pik-p, Pita, Pita
2
, Piz and Piz-t. The efficiency of the selected Pi genes towards Italian blast pathotypes was tested via artificial inoculation and under natural field infection conditions.
To characterize haplotypes present in the chromosomal regions of the blast resistance genes, a polymorphism search was conducted
in the sequence regions adjacent to the blast resistance by examining DNA from the Pi gene donors with a panel of 5–7 potential receivers (cultivated European rice genotypes). Seven InDel and 8 presence/absence
polymorphisms were directly detected by gel analysis after DNA amplification, while sequencing of 12.870 bp through 32 loci
in different genotypes revealed 85 SNP (one SNP every 151 bp). Seven SSRs were additionally tested revealing 5 polymorphic
markers between donors and receivers. Polymorphisms were used to develop 35 PCR-based molecular markers suitable for introgressing
of Pi genes into a set of the European rice germplasm. For this last purpose, allelic molecular marker variation was evaluated
within a representative collection of about 95 rice genotypes. Polymorphic combinations allowing introgression of the broad
spectrum resistance genes into a susceptible genetic background have been identified, thus confirming the potential of the
identified markers for molecular-assisted breeding. 相似文献
10.
11.
Jeung JU Kim BR Cho YC Han SS Moon HP Lee YT Jena KK 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(8):1163-1177
Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea is a continuous threat to stable rice production worldwide. In a modernized agricultural system, the development of varieties
with broad-spectrum and durable resistance to blast disease is essential for increased rice production and sustainability.
In this study, a new gene is identified in the introgression line IR65482-4-136-2-2 that has inherited the resistance gene
from an EE genome wild Oryza species, O. australiensis (Acc. 100882). Genetic and molecular analysis localized a major resistance gene, Pi40(t), on the short arm of chromosome 6, where four blast resistance genes (Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, and Pi9) were also identified, flanked by the markers S2539 and RM3330. Through e-Landing, 14 BAC/PAC clones within the 1.81-Mb equivalent virtual contig were identified on Rice Pseudomolecule3. Highly stringent
primer sets designed for 6 NBS-LRR motifs located within PAC clone P0649C11 facilitated high-resolution mapping of the new
resistance gene, Pi40(t). Following association analysis and detailed haplotyping approaches, a DNA marker, 9871.T7E2b, was identified to be linked
to the Pi40(t) gene at the 70 Kb chromosomal region, and differentiated the Pi40(t) gene from the LTH monogenic differential lines possessing genes Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, and Pi-9. Pi40(t) was validated using the most virulent isolates of Korea as well as the Philippines, suggesting a broad spectrum for the resistance
gene. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) and pathotyping of BC progenies having two japonica cultivar genetic backgrounds further
supported the potential of the resistance gene in rice breeding. Our study based on new gene identification strategies provides
insight into novel genetic resources for blast resistance as well as future studies on cloning and functional analysis of
a blast resistance gene useful for rice improvement. 相似文献
12.
Berruyer R Adreit H Milazzo J Gaillard S Berger A Dioh W Lebrun MH Tharreau D 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,107(6):1139-1147
Rice blast disease is a major constraint for rice breeding. Nevertheless, the genetic basis of resistance remains poorly understood for most rice varieties, and new resistance genes remain to be identified. We identified the resistance gene corresponding to the cloned avirulence gene ACE1 using pairs of isogenic strains of Magnaporthe grisea differing only by their ACE1 allele. This resistance gene was mapped on the short arm of rice chromosome 8 using progenies from the crosses IR64 (resistant) × Azucena (susceptible) and Azucena × Bala (resistant). The isogenic strains also permitted the detection of this resistance gene in several rice varieties, including the differential isogenic line C101LAC. Allelism tests permitted us to distinguish this gene from two other resistance genes [Pi11 and Pi-29(t)] that are present on the short arm of chromosome 8. Segregation analysis in F2 populations was in agreement with the existence of a single dominant gene, designated as Pi33. Finally, Pi33 was finely mapped between two molecular markers of the rice genetic map that are separated by a distance of 1.6 cM. Detection of Pi33 in different semi-dwarf indica varieties indicated that this gene could originate from either one or a few varieties.Communicated by D.J. Mackill 相似文献
13.
Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Rice Blast: A Study on the Inheritance of Resistance to the Blast Disease Pathogen in an F3 Population of Rice
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Sadegh Ashkani Mohd Rafii Yusop Mahmoodreza Shabanimofrad Abdul Rahim Harun Mahbod Sahebi Mohammad Abdul Latif 《Journal of Phytopathology》2015,163(4):300-309
Blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthae grisea (Herbert) Borr. (anamorphe Pyricularia oryza Cav.) is a serious disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.). One method to overcome this disease is to develop disease resistant cultivars. Due to the genetic plasticity in the pathogen genome, there is a continuous threat to the effectiveness of the developed cultivars. Additional studies of the genetics of resistance, virulence stability and functional genomics are required to accelerate research into understanding the molecular basis of blast disease resistance. In this study, individual plants of the F3 population derived from Pongsu Seribu 2 and Mahsuri were used for pathogenesis assays and inheritance studies of blast resistance. The study was performed with two of the most virulent Malaysian M. grisea pathotypes: P7.2 and P5.0. For blast screening, plants were scored based on the IRRI Standard Evaluation System (SES). F3 populations showed a segregation ratio of 3R:1S for pathotype P7.2, indicating that resistance to this pathotype is likely controlled by a single nuclear gene. Chi‐square analysis showed that the F3 families segregated in a 15R:1S ratio for pathotype P5.0. Therefore, locus interactions or epitasis of blast resistance occur against pathotype P5.0 in the F3 population derived from Pongsu Seribu 2 and Mahsuri. This can be explained by the presence of two independent dominant genes that when present simultaneously, provide resistance to the M. gresia pathotype P5.0. These results indicated that blast resistance in rice is due to the combined effects of multiple loci with major and minor effects. The genetic data generated here will be useful in the breeding of local cultivars for resistance to field blast. The methodology reported here will facilitate the mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying the blast resistance trait. 相似文献
14.
Genetic Structure of Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. Isolates from Italian Paddy Fields 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Piotti M. M. Rigano D. Rodino M. Rodolfi S. Castiglione A. M. Picco F. Sala 《Journal of Phytopathology》2005,153(2):80-86
Rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc., is responsible for considerable damages in rice crops in Italy and in other parts of the world. This study was conducted in order to investigate the genetic structure of a P. grisea population in the Po area, the largest rice area in Italy. Rice leaves showing blast symptoms were collected in three successive years (1998–2000) and 43 P. grisea monoconidial culture samples were isolated from infected rice leaves. Fungal DNAs were obtained from mycelia. Moreover, six additional P. grisea DNA samples representative for the five characterized European lineages were also investigated. All 49 DNAs were fingerprinted using the Pot2‐based repetitive polymerase chain reaction specific for the blast pathogen. Unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages cluster analysis shows the presence of three main Italian lineages. Within lineages, similarity was higher than 80%. Samples representative of the three of five known European lineages grouped within these three Italian lineages confirming the presence of three European lineages in Italy. Furthermore, cluster analysis shows the presence of two new haplotypes never found before in the Italian lineage. 相似文献
15.
Dissection of the genetic architecture of rice resistance to the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Houxiang Kang Yue Wang Shasha Peng Yanli Zhang Yinghui Xiao Dan Wang Shaohong Qu Zhiqiang Li Shuangyong Yan Zhilong Wang Wende Liu Yuese Ning Pavel Korniliev Hei Leung Jason Mezey Susan R. McCouch Guo‐Liang Wang 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2016,17(6):959-972
16.
17.
Wuming Xiao Qiyun Yang Hui Wang Tao Guo Yongzhu Liu Xiaoyuan Zhu Zhiqiang Chen 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2011,28(3):303-312
Finding novel sources of resistance (R) to rice blast disease should facilitate breeding for improved resistance. The objectives
of the present study were to evaluate reactions to blast and identify in a space-induced mutant an R gene to a representative
isolate of rice blast pathogen. The mutant H4, its parent and twelve monogenic lines were evaluated for their responses to
35 isolates collected from Guangdong Province, China. H4 was found to be resistant to more isolates than its parent and the
twelve monogenic lines, suggesting newly acquired resistance may be a function of one or more R genes. A representative isolate
GD0193 was used to identify and map the R gene from H4. Genetic analysis revealed that resistance to the isolate GD0193 was
controlled by a single dominant gene, designated Pi46(t). Linkage analysis using susceptible F2 individuals showed that Pi46(t) was mapped between the markers RM224 and RM27360 within 1.04 and 1.2 cM on the long arm of chromosome 11. Subsequently,
Pi46(t) was delimited to an interval of approximately 183.7 kb flanked by the markers K67 and T94. These results provide essential
information for the cloning of the Pi46(t) gene and will facilitate marker-assisted selection in rice breeding. 相似文献
18.
Genetic characterization and fine mapping of the blast resistance locus Pigm(t) tightly linked to Pi2 and Pi9 in a broad-spectrum resistant Chinese variety 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Deng Y Zhu X Shen Y He Z 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,113(4):705-713
The identification and utilization of broad-spectrum resistance genes have been proven the most effective and economical approach to control rice blast disease. To understand the molecular mechanism of broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast, we conducted genetic and fine mapping analysis of the blast resistance gene in a Chinese rice variety: Gumei 4 (GM4) identified with broad-spectrum resistance and used in rice breeding for blast resistance for more than 20 years. Genetic and mapping analysis indicated that blast resistance to nine isolates of different Chinese races in GM4 was controlled by the same dominant locus designated as Pigm(t) that was finely mapped to an approximately 70-kb interval between markers C5483 and C0428 on chromosome 6, which contains five candidate NBS--LRR disease resistance genes. The allelism test showed that Pigm(t) was either tightly linked or allelic to Pi2 and Pi9, two known blast resistance genes. Mapping information also indicated that another blast resistance gene Pi26(t) might also be located at the same region. Candidate genes were identified by sequence analysis of the Nipponbare and Pi9 locus and the corresponding region in GM4. Sequence divergence of candidate genes was observed between GM4 and model varieties Nipponbare and 9311, and Pi9. Our current study provides essential information and new genetic resource for the cloning of functional resistance gene(s) and for marker-assisted selection in rice breeding for broad-spectrum blast resistance.Yiwen Deng and Xudong Zhu contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
19.
Hongping Kou Dan Wang Xiuyun Lin Ying Wu Chunming Xu Shaochen Xing Bao Liu 《植物学报(英文版)》2011,53(10):814-823
Pib is a well‐characterized rice blast‐resistance gene belonging to the nucleotide binding site (NBS) and leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) superfamily. Expression of Pib was low under non‐challenged conditions, but strongly induced by the blast‐causing fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, thereby conferring resistance to the pathogen. It is generally established that cytosine methylation of the promoter‐region often plays a repressive role in modulating expression of the gene in question. We report here that two critical regions of the Pib promoter were heavily CG cytosine‐methylated in both cultivars studied. Surprisingly, induced expression of Pib by M. grisea infection did not entail its promoter demethylation, and partial demethylation by 5‐azacytidine‐treatment actually reduced Pib expression relative to wild‐type plants. Accordingly, the blast disease‐resistance was compromised in the 5′‐azaC‐treated plants relative to wild‐type. In contrast, the disease susceptibility was not affected by the 5′‐azaC treatment in another two rice cultivars that did not contain the Pib gene, ruling out effects of other R genes and non‐specific genotoxic effects by the drug‐treatment as a cause for the compromised Pib‐conditioned blast‐resistance. Taken together, our results suggest that promoter DNA methylation plays a novel enhancing role in conditioning high‐level of induced expression of the Pib gene in times of M. grisea infection, and its conferred resistance to the pathogen. 相似文献
20.
Sensitivity to azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl of 80 single‐spore isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae was determined. The EC50 values for azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl in inhibiting mycelial growth of the 80 M. oryzae isolates were 0.006–0.056 and 0.024–0.287 µg mL?1, respectively. The EC50 values for azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl in inhibiting conidial germination of the M. oryzae populations were 0.004–0.051 and 0.012–0.105 µg mL?1, respectively. There was significant difference in sensitivity to azoxystrobin or kresoxim‐methyl between the tested isolates representing differential sensitivity to carbendazim (MBC) and kitazin P (IBP); however, there was no correlation between this difference in sensitivity to azoxystrobin or kresoxim‐methyl and sensitivity to MBC or IBP, indicating that there was no cross‐resistance between azoxystrobin or kresoxim‐methyl and MBC or IBP. In the protective and curative experiments, kresoxim‐methyl exhibited higher protective and curative activity than azoxystrobin when applied at 150 and 250 µg mL?1 accordingly, while azoxystrobin exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against M. oryzae isolates than that of kresoxim‐methyl in the in vitro test. The results of field experiments also suggested that both azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl at 187.5 g.a.i. ha?1 gave over 73% control efficacy in both sites, exhibiting excellent activity against rice blast. Taken together, azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl could be a good substitute for MBC or IBP for controlling rice blast in China, but should be carefully used as they were both at‐risk. 相似文献