热杀菌剂处理对“紫花”和“留香”杧果贮藏品质影响?

52±1℃热杀菌剂苯来特或 TBZ等溶液浸果处理,对“留香”和“紫花”品种杧果采后炭疽病和蒂腐病有显著控制效果,改善果实外观,延长贮藏寿命,提高贮藏品质,减少病害的腐烂损失 60％,获得在常温下贮藏 18d的采后寿命和 100％的商品率。在热杀菌剂处理后,贮藏于低温13±1℃下的 杧果,显著减慢果皮转黄和后熟软化,降低呼吸速率,延长贮藏寿命2～3周以上,并且,显著减少病害和腐烂损失,有利于提高采后杧果的商品率和远途运输及销售。     

危害杧果的瘿蚊科新种

我国危害杧果嫩叶的瘿蚊首先由广西亚热带作物研究所发现。危害杧果的瘿蚊据Barnes(1948)记载已有9个属9个种。Felt(1911)发表1个新属1个新种Erosomyiamangiferae,Grover＆Prasad(1966)发表危害杧果花的一种瘿蚊Erosomyia indica。我国广西南宁发现危害杧果嫩叶的瘿蚊正是Erosomyia这一属。本种的形态特征描述如下。     

生物防治因子

<正>印度杧果象是杧果的一种毁灭性害虫。在一次杧果象的自然夭敌的调查中,发现受害杧果果实中有染病的幼虫。将染病幼虫浸解并用纱布过滤,滤物在10009下离心,上清液混人6%的聚二乙醇6000,振荡30分钟。混合物在30,0009下离心1小时,将沉淀颗粒溶于。     

杧果剪叶象的寄主适合度研究

寄主适合度是指寄主植物对昆虫下一代的繁殖贡献,其大小反映了食物对昆虫的综合影响。杧果(Mangifera indica)和扁桃(M.sylvatica)是杧果剪叶象(Deporaus marginatus Pascoe)的两个主要寄主。本文测定了三种杧果品种和扁桃的适合度,现报道如下。     

32个杧果品种种仁油的脂肪酸组成

杧果(Mangifera indica L.)在我国已有1300多年的栽培历史,分布于台湾、闽南、两广、海南、滇南等地。据国外报道,利用杧果种仁油作可可脂代用品。本文报道32个杧果品种种仁油的脂肪酸组成,为其利用提供依据。     

杧果生物技术研究进展

从杧果组织培养、基因克隆、遗传转化及分子标记等几个方面概述了近年来杧果生物技术研究的进展.     

怒江干热河谷杧果种质资源形态性状遗传多样性分析

通过对255份怒江干热河谷杧果种质资源的24个形态性状进行评价,分析其遗传多样性。结果表明,怒江干热河谷杧果种质资源的果实单果重量、果实长度、果核重量、果核长度、果实形状、果皮颜色、果肉颜色、果实香气、果实风味、果实成熟期等形态性状均具有丰富的多样性。11个数量性状的变异系数为12.44%~56.44%,其中果实单果重量的变异系数最大,叶片宽度最小;13个质量性状的Shannon-weaver指数范围为0.68~2.21,平均值为1.42,其中果肉颜色指数最大,叶片质地指数最小。聚类结果将255份杧果材料聚为3大类,其中果皮厚,果小,种核大,可食率低,早熟,品味酸甜,品质差的杧果种质占很大比例。这些种质资源在不同地区收集的材料之间存在明显的遗传差异,但部分地区内的杧果材料表现出明显的遗传分化。通过表型评价鉴定,初步筛选出具有独特香气、反季节开花结果、早熟、小果型、高产等性状的特异种质资源35份。     

杧果花期延迟技术研究进展

杧果Mangifera indica花期大多集中在2～3月,易受低温阴雨天气影响,导致其授粉受精不良、落花落果,并加重白粉病和炭疽病的危害。本文简要介绍低温阴雨天气对杧果花期的影响,并详细阐述生产上推迟花期的常用措施,如回缩、重修剪、摘花穗、抹花、应用植物生长调节剂、采后灌水、培养二次秋梢或利用冬梢结果等,为杧果开花调控及花期管理提供参考。     

鹰嘴蜜桃病虫害调查与防控策略

为了解广东省连平县鹰嘴蜜桃病虫害的发生为害情况,于2015-2016年对连平县鹰嘴蜜桃病虫害的发生为害进行了系统调查。记录发现11种病害和13种虫害,其中为害严重的病害有果腐病、流胶病、细菌性穿孔病、炭疽病、果肉海绵组织病害5种;害虫有天牛、桑白蚧、蚜虫和桔小实蝇4种。在系统调查病虫害为害程度的基础上,对几种重要病虫害的发生、为害情况及相应的防治措施作了相应的阐述。     

杧果横线尾夜蛾的生活习性及防治研究

杧果横线尾夜蛾 Chlumetia transversa Wlk.属鳞翅目夜蛾科。又称杧果钻心虫,蛀梢蛾。分布于广东、云南、福建以及台湾等省,也是我区杧果栽培中的重要害虫之一。每年花穗、新梢萌发期都遭受为害,影响我区杧果生产的发展。我们从1970年起,进行杧果横线尾夜蛾的生活习性观察及其防治研究,现将结果整理如下。 一、形态 卵 扁圆形,径约0.5毫米;初产时青色,后转赤褐色,孵化前变淡;卵表有纵沟54—55条,腰围有整齐的横格7—8个,卵顶中央有8—9片梅花状纹。     

芒果、香蕉采后病害生物防治的研究进展

芒果、香蕉采后主要病害为炭疽病、蒂腐病、冠腐病、黑腐病、黑星病.生物防治是当前芒果、香蕉采后病害控制的重要研究方向.概述了生物防治芒果、香蕉采后病害的方法,包括诱抗剂、植物提取物、拮抗微生物在芒果、香蕉采后病害防治上的研究与应用.     

大花蕙兰生产中常见病虫害及其防治措施

本文介绍大花蕙兰生产中常见病害(疫病、软腐病、根腐病、炭疽病、叶枯病、毒素病等)和虫害(介壳虫类、粉虱、螨虫类、蚜虫、蟑螂等)的为害特征及防治方法。     

Do weaver ants affect arthropod diversity and the natural‐enemy‐to‐pest ratio in horticultural systems?

High biodiversity is an important component of sustainable agricultural systems, and previous studies have found that increases in the diversity of the natural enemies of pests are associated with decreases in pest populations. Weaver ants are well known for their highly territorial and aggressive behaviour and for their control efficiency of many insect pests in tropical crop trees. Because of this, the ants have been used as a key component in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes for tropical crop trees. In implementing the IPM programmes, we received a number of enquiries related to whether weaver ants have negative effects on arthropod diversity and other natural enemies in orchard systems due to their aggressive behaviour. To answer these questions, we regularly sampled canopy arthropods in cashew and mango orchards in the Northern Territory of Australia in 1996, 2002 and 2003. We sampled, using a vacuum sampler, orchards with and without weaver ants. Cashew and mango plots with abundant weaver ants had similar or higher canopy arthropod and natural enemy diversity and similar ratios of natural enemies to insect pests, compared with plot where the weaver ant was absent. The study also showed that the application of insecticides reduced arthropod diversity and the ratio of natural enemies to insect pests in a mango orchard. However, insecticide spray did not affect natural enemy diversity and abundance, which may be related to a high immigration rate of natural enemies in small plots surrounded by areas that were not sprayed.     

Species composition and population dynamics of thrips (Thysanoptera) in mango orchards of northern peninsular Malaysia

Thrips are key pests of mango, Mangifera indica (L.), in Malaysia, including the Northern Peninsular. As Penang has year-round equatorial climate and high of rainfall, the populations of thrips may be subject to variations in composition and size. With a goal of developing an appropriate control strategy, a survey was conducted in Penang to determine species composition and abundance in relation to some environmental factors. Sprayed and unsprayed orchards were sampled on weekly basis through two flowering seasons of 2009 using CO(2) collection technique. Larval population falling into the ground to pupate and adults emerging from the soil were investigated in both orchards. Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) and Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) were the most prevalent species in the sprayed and the unsprayed orchards, respectively. The abundance of thrips was high during the flowering period of the dry season and decreased during the flowering period of the rainy season. This latter period coincided with decreased temperature and increased relative humidity. Percentage of adult emergence from the soil was lower in the rainy season than recorded in the dry season in both orchards. Taken together, these observations suggest that T. hawaiiensis and S. dorsalis are the main thrips species pests of mango panicles in Penang. Direct control with insecticides focusing on these two species may help to reduce cosmetic injuries and other damages on mango fruits.     

厦门市桂花病虫害种类及防治

1998~2004年对厦门市桂花病虫害进行系统调查,查明桂花病虫害10种,其中病害6种,虫害4种;文中提出这些病虫害的防治方案。     

Insect inventories in a mango‐based agroforestry area in Bangladesh: foraging behavior and performance of pollinators on fruit set

Insect species inventories along with pest prevalence, foraging behavior of pollinators and their effect on fruit set of mango were studied in a mango‐based agroforestry area in Bangladesh during January to June 2013. Of 1751 collected insects, 11 species in five orders and nine families were pests, 13 species in six orders and eight families were predators and eight species belonging to three orders and seven families were found as pollinators. The pests exerted significantly higher abundance but lower diversity than pollinator, predator and other insects. The pollinator richness was found to be lowest but showed higher as well as similar diversity to other category insects. Three pest species prevailed throughout the season and hoppers showed significant abundance. Among the predators, ants were most abundant. Sulphur butterfly and syrphid fly revealed statistically identical and higher abundance than other pollinators. During the flowering season, pests were dominant and the abundance of insects was observed to peak at 11.00 h. The pollinators differed in their landing duration on flowers and their activity led to higher levels of fruit set. This study provides baseline information on insect abundance in an agroforestry system, which stresses the importance of conservation of beneficial insects.     

入闽台湾芒果树冠层节肢动物群落组成结构和多样性

【背景】台湾芒果是我国南方种植的最重要的热带水果之一,其分布广、产量高,极具经济价值。福建地处台湾海峡西岸,与台湾隔海相望,气候条件与台湾相仿,所以台湾芒果很容易在福建定植。然而,台湾芒果在福建的大面积种植,带来了新的虫害问题。因此,掌握台湾芒果园害虫发生的动态及规律对其防治具有重要意义。【方法】2006年8月～2007年8月对福建省惠安县台湾芒果树冠层节肢动物群落进行系统调查。【结果】共采集到28247头节肢动物,隶属于2纲15目79科145种。其中,害虫76种（占总群落物种数的52.41%）、天敌42种（占28.97%）、中性昆虫27种（占18.62%）。芒果园节肢动物的物种丰富度、个体数、群落多样性、均匀性和优势集中性等都呈明显的季节消长规律。多样性指数表现为总群落〉天敌亚群落〉中性昆虫亚群落〉害虫亚群落;均匀度表现为天敌亚群落〉中性昆虫亚群落〉总群落〉害虫亚群落;优势集中性指数表现为害虫亚群落〉中性昆虫亚群落〉总群落〉天敌亚群落。生态优势度测定显示：芒果小爪螨和茶黄蓟马是害虫中的优势种;主要天敌有腹管食螨瓢虫和园蛛科等,优势种是腹管食螨瓢虫;中性昆虫主要以双翅目的花翅摇蚊、啮虫目的凹翅单啮及膜翅目的中国小黑家蚁和红蚂蚁为主。【结论与意义】本研究为芒果园生物资源及天敌的保护与利用、芒果害虫的预测预报和持续控制提供了理论依据。     

厦门市道路绿化基本树种病虫害名录的更新调查与分析

通过对厦门市道路绿化基本树种病虫害名录的更新调查显示,从1986年至2006年的20年间,厦门市道路绿化基本树种更新17种,新发现病虫害12种;本文还确立了病虫危害程度的划分标准,重新调查并确定了各种病虫害的为害程度等级,明确了白囊蓑蛾等26种病虫害为重要防治对象。     

Impact of Alpinia galanga rhizome extract on Bactrocera dorsalis population

The Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is one of the most economically damaging pests and generally is controlled by insecticides. This research was done by evaluate the impact of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga extract on population of B. dorsalis. The rhizome of A. galanga was extracted by Soxhlet's apparatus using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol as separated solvent system. Various concentrations of all crude extracts were trailed by Topical spray application with adult B. dorsalis, completely randomized designs, 5 replicates. The results showed hexane crude extract gave the highest control efficiency to adult B. dorsalis which the 24 hours-LC50 values was 4,866.06 +/- 184.52 ppm (hexane), 24,156.66 +/- 880.33 ppm (dichloromethane), 16,744.73 +/- 641.27 ppm (ethyl acetate) and 6,337.54 +/- 145.42 ppm (95% ethanol). Thus, this extract may an alternative way for control this insect pest in the future.