基于Cytb和COⅡ基因序列的网翅蝗科(直翅目:蝗总科)部分种类的分子系统学研究

采用PCR产物直接测序法测定了2亚科31种网翅蝗科昆虫及1种癞蝗(外群)的线粒体基因Cyt b和COⅡ全序列,使用MEGA V4.1进行序列组成分析,对线粒体基因Cyt b、COⅡ数据集按照蛋白质基因密码子第一、二、三位点划分子集,并组成联合数据集COⅡ&Cyt b,对各数据集其子集进行了数据探索研究.在PAUP中应用NJ法、MP法、ML法以及在MrBayes V3.1中应用贝叶斯系统发育推论(BI)法进行系统发育关系重建,结果表明所研究的网翅蝗科部分种类的系统发育关系基本与中国的传统形态学分类体系没有差别,竹蝗亚科为较早分化出来的类群,其次为网翅蝗亚科;竹蝗新种和黄脊雷篦蝗聚为一支和其它竹蝗属类群形成姊妹群,因此建议将雷篾蝗属并入竹蝗属;隆额网翅蝗和宽翅曲背蝗聚为另一支,故建议将曲背蝗属并入网翅蝗属.雏蝗属的四个亚属中黑翅亚属、曲隆亚属和直隆亚属这三个亚属的单系性均得到稳健的支持,而短翅亚属的单系性在各种分析中皆得不到支持,它很可能是多系起源.     

河北大学博物馆馆藏蝗总科的新属和新种(直翅目)

在整理河北大学博物馆馆藏的蝗总科标本中,发现1新属4新种,它们为斑腿蝗科Catantopidae的广西龙川蝗Longchuanacris guangxiensis sp.nov.,斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae的拟短腿蝗属Parahilethera gen.nov.,西藏拟短腿蝗Parahilethera xizangensis sp.nov.及淡黑纹束颈蝗Sphingonotus caerulistriatus sp.nov.,网翅蝗科Arcypteridae的拟中宽雏蝗Chorthippus parapricarius sp.nov..模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.     

陕西汉中地区蝗虫种类及区系特点

汉中地区的蝗总科昆虫有5科33属51种,锥头蝗科Pyrgomorphidae1属2种,斑腿蝗科Catantopidae9属19种,网翅蝗科Arcypteridae5属12种,斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae12属13种,剑角蝗科Acrididae5属5种。汉中地区蝗总科的昆虫以东洋界为主,共23种,占45.1%,其次为汉中地区特有种类10种,占19.6%,古北界和两界共有种类均为9种,均占17.6%。物种数量在各县区分布不均匀。     

蝗总科昆虫雌性下生殖板及系统发育关系研究（直翅目）

在对蝗总科１０３种蝗虫雌性下生殖板进行形态学研究的基础上,对蝗总科８个科以及斑腿蝗科的稻蝗属,伪稻蝗属,拟凹背蝗属,卵翅蝗属和剑角蝗科的卡蝗属,选择导卵器正面观形态等１５个性状,以蚱总科为外群确定性状的极性和状态,用Ｈｅｎｎｉｎｇ８６Ｖ１．５软件对它们的系统发育关系进行地序分类研究。结果支持刘举鹏在１９９１年依蝗卵结构所提出的蝗总科分类系统,同时结果也表明蝗属,伪稻蝗属,拟凹背蝗属,卵翅蝗属和卡蝗     

蝗总科精子超微形态比较及其在系统分类上的意义（直翅目）

通过对８科１９属２３种蝗虫精子超微形态结构的观察和比较,发现其精子有４种类型。这４种类型精子间的主要差异反映在中心粒侧体及线粒体衍生体的超微形态结构方面。经过比较和分析,确认８科中癞蝗科种类（除友谊华癞蝗外）的精子最原始,斑腿蝗科、斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科、槌角蝗科、剑角蝗科（除中华蚱蜢外）种类的精子最进化。根据精子的演化类型建立了蝗总科精子系统,在这个系统里蝗总科８科昆虫在演化趋势上可分为３大类群     

新疆蝗虫一新属新种(直翅目,蝗总科)

记述采自新疆地区斑翅蝗科1新属,黑色蝗属Melaniacrisgen.nov.及1新种黑缘黑色蝗M.nigrimargicsis sp.nov.。黑色蝗属近似于平顶蝗属,但前胸背板前缘平直;前胸背板具侧隆线;颊部前下角不具1短斜隆脊;头及前胸背板背面平滑,缺瘤突。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

欧亚大陆斑翅蝗科分类系统(直翅目: 蝗亚目)

对分布在欧亚大陆的斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae昆虫进行了亚科分类研究, 将已知的69个属分为7个亚科: 飞蝗亚科Locustinae, 斑翅蝗亚科Oedipodinae, 异距蝗亚科Heteropterninae subfam. n., 痂蝗亚科Bryodeminae, 异痂蝗亚科Bryodemellinae, 哑斑翅蝗亚科Oedipodacrinae subfam. n.和聋斑翅蝗亚科Rashidinae subfam. n., 其中包括3个新亚科。建立了欧亚大陆斑翅蝗科新的亚科分类系统。     

汉中地区三个自然保护区蝗虫种类调查

汉中有陕西长青国家级自然保护区、陕西洋县朱自然保护区和陕西省佛坪国家级自然保护区。经过调查,3个自然保护区共有蝗虫39种,隶属5科27属,其中锥头蝗科Pyrgomorphidae仅1属1种,斑腿蝗科Catantopidae8属16种,网翅蝗科Arcyperidae5属9种,斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae9属9种,剑角蝗科Acrididae4属4种。3个自然保护区中,斑腿蝗科物种和属的多样性较为丰富。3个自然保护区的蝗虫区系组成包括东洋区种类17种、古北区7种、两区共有种8种和秦巴山区特有种7种。秦巴山区特有种的相对数量比较多(179%),这反映出汉中自然环境的特殊性。     

山西中条山地区蝗虫二新种记述（直翅目：蝗总科）

记述山西省南部中条山地区蝗虫2新种,即斑翅蝗科的短翅短腿蝗Hilethera brevipennis,sp.nov.及网翅蝗科的中条山异爪蝗Euchorthippus zhongtiaoshanensis,sp.nov.。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

基于COⅡ基因序列的斑腿蝗科部分亚科的分子系统学研究

采用PCR产物直接测序法测定了斑腿蝗科10个亚科16属22种的COⅡ基因585 bp的片段, 对序列的碱基组成进行了分析,并评估了数据集的系统发育信号;最后,以癞蝗科的肃南 短鼻蝗作为外群,采用NJ法、MP法、ML法以及贝叶斯推论法构建了系统树,以解决这些物种所代表的亚科之间的系统发育关系。结果表明：22种斑腿蝗科昆虫的COⅡ基因序列碱基组成表现强烈的A+T含量偏向性。对COⅡ基因585 bp序列片段构成的全数据组和根据密码子不同位点划分的密码子第一、第二和第三位点数据组的系统发育信号分析显示,所有数据组都具有一定的系统发育信息。在4种方法得到的合一树中发现： （1）星翅蝗亚科、刺胸蝗亚科、黑背蝗亚科、斑腿蝗亚科的亲缘关系较近;（2）卵翅蝗亚科与稻蝗亚科亲缘关系较近,建议卵翅蝗亚科似乎应归入稻蝗亚科中,板胸蝗亚科与这两个亚科的关系较近;（3）黑蝗亚科和秃蝗亚科似乎应合并为一个亚科;（4）切翅蝗亚科的4个属未聚在一起,表明这些属的区别较大,不是一个单系群;（5）黑蝗亚科和秃蝗亚科关系较近,且与本研究中其他几个亚科的亲缘关系相对较远。研究结果表明COⅡ基因在解决斑腿蝗科的亚科以下属种间的系统发育关系时是一个有效的分子标记。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.