黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)发酵生产木聚糖酶的pH调控策略

为了提高黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)D08生产木聚糖酶的能力,考察了不同p H条件对菌株生长及产酶的影响,结果发现木聚糖酶发酵过程中菌体生长的最适p H与木聚糖酶合成的最适p H不同,分别为3.5和4.5。由此针对性地提出了两阶段p H控制策略:在30 h内控制p H为3.5;30 h后p H控制为4.5。结果表明:分阶段p H调控策略的实施进一步提高了菌体合成木聚糖酶的能力,木聚糖酶比酶活(2 223.38 U/m L)和生产强度(26.47U/(m L·h))分别比恒定p H 4.5时提高了14.3%和30.6%。该工艺对提高木聚糖酶活力具有一定的指导意义,为后续研究和生产奠定了良好的基础。     

一株产纤维素酶细菌的分离鉴定及酶学特性研究

从采集的含腐烂树叶的土壤中,筛选到1株产纤维素酶能力较高的菌株JJ-3,经16S r RNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌株为产酸克雷伯氏杆菌(Klebsiella oxytoca)。产酶条件及酶学特性研究表明:以滤纸为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源、初始p H为8.0的培养基中发酵3 d更利于纤维素酶的合成;菌株发酵液在中性和碱性条件下均有较高的滤纸酶活力,分别可达118.7 U/m L(p H7.0),167.8 U/m L(p H8.0)和120 U/m L(p H9.0);所产纤维素酶的最适酶反应p H为7.0,最适酶反应温度为40℃,对温度比较敏感,在p H7.0-8.0的范围内具有较好的稳定性,能满足中性和碱性纤维素酶的要求。     

洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌Lu10-1产脂肪酶发酵条件优化及酶学性质研究

旨在对洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)Lu10-1产脂肪酶的发酵条件及酶学性质进行研究。通过单因素和正交实验探讨了碳源、氮源、诱导物、初始p H值、温度等主要发酵参数的影响,并初步考察了温度、p H、金属离子和有机溶剂等对其催化反应的影响。结果表明,B.cepacia Lu10-1产脂肪酶最佳培养基组成和发酵参数为:可溶性淀粉1.5%,蛋白胨1.5%,橄榄油3 g/L,K2HPO4 2 g/L,发酵温度32℃,初始p H 9.0,培养48 h酶活达12.4 U/m L,比初始酶活提高了2.7倍。酶的最适温度和p H值分别为60℃和9,在60℃以下保持100 h酶活仍保持在80%以上,在p H5.0-10.0之间活性稳定,对甲醇、乙醇等有机溶剂耐受性好。     

重组毕赤酵母产植酸酶发酵条件的优化

为研究优化毕赤酵母工程菌H311产植酸酶的发酵条件,采用单因素试验和L18(37)正交试验考察不同工艺条件对产酶活性的影响。结果表明:影响重组毕赤酵母产植酸酶的因素重要性从大到小依次为诱导时间、甲醇添加量、装液量、初始诱导p H、生长时间、接种量和初始生长p H,产酶最佳条件为接种量3%(体积分数)、装液量20 m L(250 m L摇瓶)、生长时间20 h,诱导时间120 h、甲醇添加量1.5%(体积分数)、生长p H 6.0、诱导p H 5.0,在此条件下进行诱导表达,植酸酶的比酶活可达334 U/m L。     

枯草芽孢杆菌突变株XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶发酵条件优化

通过单因素实验和响应面分析对枯草芽孢杆菌XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶的发酵产酶条件进行优化,实验结果表明:(1)种子最佳接种时间为对数后期(种龄20 h);(2)玉米粉和豆饼粉为发酵培养的最佳碳氮源;(3)通过对C/N(玉米粉:豆饼粉)、接种量和发酵液初始p H值这3个关键因素进行三因素三水平的响应面实验设计,优化得枯草芽孢杆菌XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶的最优发酵条件为:C/N为3.76∶1,接种量为10.46%,初始发酵p H为6.54。经过三批次发酵实验验证,最优条件下产酶活性提高至6 897 U/m L,发酵周期缩短至66 h,生产强度达到104.5 U/(m L·h),较优化前提高27.3%。     

中温α-淀粉酶在地衣芽孢杆菌中的异源表达

提高中温α-淀粉酶生产菌株的发酵温度,对减少冷却水消耗降低生产成本有重要意义。本文利用基因删除技术删除了地衣芽孢杆菌CBBD302菌株α-淀粉酶的编码基因(amy L)获得突变株D402。将表达解淀粉芽孢杆菌中温α-淀粉酶基因Ba A的重组质粒p HY-WZX-Ba A转化D402,获得表达中温α-淀粉酶的重组地衣芽孢杆菌D402/p HY-WZX-Ba A。摇瓶发酵实验显示,重组菌最适发酵温度为42℃,比原生产菌株提高8℃,最高产酶水平达到301 U/m L。30 L发酵罐发酵试验,78 h达到最高酶活531 U/m L。重组酶的最适作用温度为60℃,最适作用p H 6.5,在90℃保温20 min可以完全失活,保持了中温α-淀粉酶既能在淀粉糊化温度下保持稳定又便于灭酶的优良性能。     

产几丁质酶菌株S68-CM5产酶条件优化研究

为提高黏质沙雷氏菌株S68-CM5产几丁质酶能力,对产酶发酵条件进行优化研究。利用Plackett-Burman设计和响应面法对培养基和发酵条件进行摸索。结果显示,获得最佳发酵产酶培养基:胶体几丁质1.5%,牛肉膏7 g/L,酵母膏2 g/L,葡萄糖8 g/L,氯化钠3.5 g/L,蛋白胨2 g/L,磷酸氢二钾3.5 g/L;最佳产酶培养条件为:p H6.88,温度27.32℃,摇床转数155.82r/min,培养时间60 h,接种量1%,装液量50 m L/250 m L。优化后产酶量达到7.131 U/m L,比优化前产酶量提高了1.43倍。     

嗜热棉毛菌木糖苷酶Xyl43基因优化及其在毕赤酵母中高效表达

【目的】通过外源表达手段构建重组毕赤酵母实现木糖苷酶的高效表达。【方法】基于毕赤酵母密码子偏好性优化嗜热棉毛菌β-木糖苷酶(Xyl43)基因密码子,将其导入毕赤酵母GS115中实现分泌表达,并对重组木糖苷酶酶学性质进行分析。通过单因素实验优化高产菌株的摇瓶发酵条件,并在5 L发酵罐中进行扩大培养。【结果】Xyl43基因优化后的序列中222个碱基发生改变,G+C含量由52.8%降低到44.6%,序列一致性为78.17%;将构建的表达载体p PIC9K-Opt Xyl43电击转入毕赤酵母中,利用平板初筛和摇瓶复筛获得一株高效表达重组菌(命名为P.pastoris GS115-Xyl43);其所产重组木糖苷酶大小为51.5 k D,动力学参数Km为2.93 mmol/L、Vmax为157.9μmol/(min·mg),最适反应温度55°C,最适p H 7.0,在p H 6.0-9.5条件下具有良好的稳定性;摇瓶优化结果表明:培养基初始p H 6.0、甲醇补加浓度1.0%、培养温度28°C、摇床转速250 r/min为最佳产酶条件,在此条件下发酵144 h胞外酶活达到42 U/m L(蛋白含量0.54 g/L);5 L发酵罐放大培养,发酵156 h(甲醇诱导96 h),木糖苷酶酶活为222.2 U/m L,蛋白含量2.36 g/L,较摇瓶提高了4.3倍。【结论】木糖苷酶在毕赤酵母中实现了高效表达,具有较好的工业化应用前景。     

产β-甘露聚糖酶菌株的筛选鉴定及产酶条件的优化

利用刚果红染色法从土壤中筛选到一株产β-甘露聚糖酶的菌株MY271,该菌株经形态学、生理生化及系统发育学方法鉴定为路德维希肠杆菌(Enterobacter ludwigii)。该菌株在初始条件下培养48 h,发酵上清液中β-甘露聚糖酶酶活可达2.87 U/m L。利用单因素试验对该菌产酶发酵条件进行优化以提高酶活,优化所得最佳发酵条件为:接种量9%,装液量50 m L/250 m L,初始p H7.0,发酵温度31℃,发酵周期48 h。最佳碳源为魔芋精粉(添加量0.8%),最佳氮源为蛋白胨(添加量1.9%)。在最佳条件下发酵48 h,发酵上清液中β-甘露聚糖酶活提升到38.42 U/m L,是优化前的13.4倍。     

产普鲁兰酶重组大肠杆菌质粒稳定性的研究

通过对产普鲁兰酶的重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/p ET28a-s-pul菌株在发酵过程中质粒稳定性和普鲁兰酶生成量的考察,发现不同宿主对质粒稳定性及酶活性有重要影响。本文利用E.coli BL21(DE3)p Lys S菌株为宿主,构建重组菌E.coli BL21(DE3)p Lys S/p ET28a-s-pul,通过控制外源蛋白的本底表达,提高了重组菌株的质粒稳定性。优化发酵培养基和发酵条件以后,重组菌产普鲁兰酶能力由480 U/m L提高至627 U/m L,增幅为30.6%。研究结果认为,严格控制外源蛋白的本底表达,是改善重组菌稳定性的重要方法之一。     

Cell growth and alpha-amylase production characteristics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Growth and alpha-amylase production characteristics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F (ATCC 23350) in batch cultures are examined using glucose or maltose as the carbon source. While the cell growth is rapid when glucose is used as the carbon source, higher cell mass, higher total and specific enzyme activities, and higher enzyme production rates are obtained when maltose is used as the carbon source. The overall specific enzyme activity decreases with an increase in the initial concentration of carbon source. The oxygen requirement and carbon dioxide generation vary linearly with the maximum amount of cell mass produced. For experiments conducted using glucose as the carbon source, the kinetics of cell growth and glucose consumption are described using a special form of the Vavilin equation. For a given amount of initial carbon source, the enzyme synthesis capability is retained by the microorganism, although at a substantially reduced level, under severe oxygen limitation.     

L-Gln高产突变菌株发酵条件的初步优化

将诱变实验筛选出的遗传稳定性高产突变株C.glutamicum N-U-6作为研究对象,采用单次单因子非统计优化技术确定了它在培养温度为30℃下250 mL的摇瓶培养条件为:150 g.L-1葡萄糖,最佳无机氮源及其浓度为:40 g.L-1NH4Cl;最佳有机氮源及其浓度:14 g.L-1尿素;玉米浆浓度:10 g.L-1,初始pH为7.2,装液量为30 mL,种龄为12 h,接种量为10%。谷氨酰胺产量达到37.21 g.L-1,比优化前的突变株(33.54 g.L-1)提高10.9%。     

发酵法生产葡萄糖酸钠过程中参数检测

主要研究了发酵法生产葡萄糖酸钠过程中的各参数的变化规律,通过在线监测和离线分析检测,得出各参数的变化规律:各参数的变化均与黑曲霉的生长周期有关;发酵初期(0~5 h)各参数维持恒定;发酵期(5~16 h)溶氧、残糖质量浓度分别快速降低至30%、15 g/L;酶活、葡萄糖酸钠含量快速上涨至500 U/mL、18 g/L;发酵中后期(16~20 h)维持阶段,各参数缓慢变化;发酵结束后溶氧回升。各参数的变化规律与黑曲霉生长周期的关系研究为工厂进一步优化发酵工艺、缩短发酵周期提供原始的理论依据。     

Production of protease and lipase by solvent tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PseA in solid-state fermentation using Jatropha curcas seed cake as substrate

Deoiled Jatropha seed cake was assessed for its suitability as substrate for enzyme production by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Solvent tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PseA strain previously reported by us was used for fermentation. The seed cake supported good bacterial growth and enzyme production (protease, 1818 U/g of substrate and lipase, 625 U/g of substrate) as evident by its chemical composition. Maximum protease and lipase production was observed at 50% substrate moisture, a growth period of 72 and 120 h, and a substrate pH of 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. Enrichment with maltose as carbon source increased protease and lipase production by 6.3- and 1.6-fold, respectively. Nitrogen supplementation with peptone for protease and NaNO(3) for lipase production also enhanced the enzyme yield reaching 11,376 U protease activity and 1084 U lipase activity per gram of Jatropha seed cake. These results demonstrated viable approach for utilization of this huge biomass by solid-state fermentation for the production of industrial enzymes. This offers significant benefit due to low cost and abundant availability of cake during biodiesel production.     

聚磷茵JPA1菌株的生长特性和聚磷条件的优化

以YG培养基为基础,考察不同条件对聚磷菌JPA1菌株生长及聚磷效率的影响。结果表明：JPA1菌株生长的对数期为3-9h,9h后进入稳定期,12h到达衰亡期。在单因素试验中,麦芽糖为JPA1菌株最适生长和聚磷的C源,最适生长温度为30-35℃,pH为8,Na＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Mn2＋和K＋等离子有利于JPA1菌株的生长;最适聚磷温度为30-35℃,pH为7,Fe2＋、Na2＋、Mg2＋、Mn“和K＋等离子有利于JPA1菌株的聚磷。正交试验结果表明：JPA1菌株去磷培养基的最优组合为麦芽糖1．5g／L,温度37℃,pH6．5,装液量50mL（300mL摇瓶）;菌株最适扩增培养基为麦芽糖1．5g/L,温度37℃,pH6．5或7．5,装液量150mL（300mL摇瓶）。     

Physiological characterization and fed-batch production of an extracellular maltase of Schizosaccharomyces pombe CBS 356

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe CBS 356 exhibits extracellular maltase activity. This activity may be of commercial interest as it exhibited a low pH optimum (3.5) and a high affinity for maltose (Km of 7.0+/-1.8 mM). N-terminal sequencing of the protein indicates that it is the product of the AGL1 gene. Regulation of this gene occurs via a derepression/repression mechanism. In sugar- or nitrogen-limited chemostat cultures, the specific rate of enzyme production (q(p)) was independent of the nature of the carbon source (i.e. glucose or maltose), but synthesis was partially repressed by high sugar concentrations. Furthermore, q(p) increased linearly with specific growth rate (mu) between 0.04 and 0.10 h(-1). The enzyme is easily mass-produced in aerobic glucose-limited fed-batch cultures, in which the specific growth rate is controlled to prevent alcoholic fermentation. In fed-batch cultures in which biomass concentrations of 83 g L(-1) were attained, the enzyme concentration reached 58,000 Units per liter culture supernatant. Extracellular maltase may be used as a dough additive in order to prevent mechanisms such as maltose-induced glucose efflux and maltose-hypersensitivity that occur in maltose-consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae.     

Candida glycerinogenes不同碳源代谢的初步研究

研究了不同碳源对Candidaglycerinogenes的菌体生长、发酵液pH值及代谢产物的影响,结果发现以葡萄糖、果糖等单糖为碳源时茵体生长较快,最终生物量比以蔗糖、麦芽糖等二糖为碳源时高20％～30％;导致发酵前12h发酵液pH值明显下降的主要因素是乳酸;与葡萄糖为碳源转化为甘油相比,果糖为碳源时更易累积乙醇;以蔗糖、麦芽糖为碳源时,用于转化生成甘油的碳源明显降低,碳源主要用于茵体自身生物合成及HMP途径,以蔗糖为碳源时,用于乳酸、丙酸及柠檬酸生物合成的碳源较麦芽糖明显提高,TCA途径代谢较为活跃。     

产紫青霉中β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶的诱导表达

针对产紫青霉(Penicillium purpurogenum)Li-3发酵生产β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶存在的碳代谢阻遏现象,研究β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶的高效诱导表达策略。在发酵条件优化的基础上,建立了新的产酶诱导工艺:葡萄糖的初始质量浓度5 g/L,在葡萄糖耗尽时加入20%诱导剂(10 g/L GL+1.2%Tween80)进行诱导,每24 h添加1次诱导剂,诱导72 h后立即转到40℃摇床发酵48 h。采用该工艺进行发酵,菌体出现了"二次生长"现象,比酶活从647.99 U/mL提高至2 356 U/mL,提高了近3倍。     

极地适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. QI-1产适冷蛋白酶发酵条件的优化

对极地适冷菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. QI-1产适冷蛋白酶的发酵条件进行优化。结果表明:菌株QI-1的最适生长和产酶温度均为5℃;最佳接种量为1%;发酵培养基的最适初始pH和最佳装样量分别为5和10%;盐度为2%时对菌株的生长和产酶最为有利;麸皮和醋酸钠分别为最佳N源和C源;添加0.75%酪蛋白时菌株QI-1胞外蛋白酶的活性最高;10 mmol/L Mg2+和0.5%Tween-80有利于产酶。正交试验结果表明:菌株Pseudoalteromonassp. QI-1产蛋白酶较佳培养基配方(g/L)为麸皮5,酵母粉2.5,酪蛋白3,MgCl2.6H2O 3,KCl 1.5;发酵液比酶活为166.20 U/mL,较优化前提高了约56%。     

内切中性纤维素酶EGⅡ的发酵条件优化

对毕赤酵母基因工程菌EIM-50-eg2产内切中性纤维素酶的主要影响因子进行研究,考察氮源、pH、温度、微量元素PTM1和甲醇浓度等对工程菌产酶的影响。单因素实验和正交实验结果表明,优化后的培养基组成及培养条件:磷酸氢二铵40 g/L,甲醇15 mL/L,硫酸镁10 g/L,磷酸二氢钾9 g/L,初始pH 6.0,培养温度28℃,PTM1添加量0.02%,甲醇诱导浓度1.5%。优化后内切葡聚糖酶活力可达4 158 U/(mL.min)是优化前1 449 U/(mL.min)的2.86倍。