克山病患者红细胞膜唾液酸含量分析

克山病是一种原因不明的,以心肌损害为主要特征的地方性心肌病。近年来,围绕克山病病因研究,国内许多专家,学者在生物化学方面进行了较全面的深入探讨,并取得了显著成绩。但是由于克山病病因复杂,到目前为止,尚未找到一种能对克山病进行早期诊断的较理想的生化指标。因此,探索一种能对克山病进行     

夏氏疟原虫入侵时小鼠红细胞膜唾液酸糖蛋白的改变

夏氏疟原虫入侵时小鼠红细胞膜唾液酸糖蛋白的改变刘俊凡,卢义钦（湖南医科大学生化教研室,长沙４１Ｏ０７８〕ＲｏｎａｌｄＬ．ＮｏｇｅｌＯｌｇａＯ．Ｂｌｕｍｅｎｆｅｌｄ（爱因斯坦医学院内科血液学研究室和生化学系,美国纽约１０４６１）关键词夏氏疟原虫;红细胞...     

蕲蛇酶的中性己糖及唾液酸的含量测定

目的测定蕲蛇酶的中性己糖及唾液酸含量. 方法中性己糖采用苯酚-硫酸法(Dubois,1956)测定,唾液酸采用间苯二酚-盐酸法(Spiro,1966)测定.结果中性己糖平均含量为(3.45±0.81)%,唾液酸平均含量为(1.05±0.26)%.结论蕲蛇酶属于糖蛋白,已测定的中性己糖及唾液酸总量为(4.50±1.07)%.     

红细胞膜ConA受体糖组分的年龄特点

本文报道了红细胞膜ConA受体的糖组分随细胞年龄而产生的变化,其中以唾液酸含量的改变最为显著。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者红细胞膜葡萄糖运输特性研究

红细胞葡萄糖运输的温度依赖性研究结果表明,Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的葡萄９糖输入的活化能比正常增大约３０％,这和患者葡萄糖输入速率减小的结果相一致。但葡萄糖跨膜输出的活化能没有显著变化。驿在红细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白（ＧＬＵＴ１）内侧特异结合的细胞松弛素Ｂ（ＣＢ）的抑制效应研究结果表明,糖尿病人的ＣＢ抑制常数无明显变化。结合以产用根互素抑制剂的实验,表明２型糖尿病患者红细胞膜上ＧＬＵＴ１很可能发生了结构的变化。发     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者红细胞膜葡萄糖运输体异常的研究

用葡萄糖跨膜运输蛋白的抑制剂－根皮素,观察到它对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者红细胞膜葡萄糖输入的抑制常数显著增大,提示了患者葡萄糖运输体外侧和底物分子结合位点发生了结构改变。进一步,测量了和膜上葡萄糖运输体能特异结合的葡萄糖、细胞松弛素Ｂ、根皮素等对血影膜上色氨酸残基荧光的淬灭效应。由淬灭效应前后血影膜荧光强度的相对变化,证实患者红细胞膜对葡萄糖转运功能的异常和运输蛋白中某些色氨酸残基（特别是膜外侧区段）周围结构的改变有关。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者红细胞膜葡萄糖运输特性研究

红细胞膜葡萄糖运输的温度依赖性研究结果表明,Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的葡萄糖输入的活化能比正常增大约30%,这和患者葡萄糖输入速率减小的结果相一致.但葡萄糖跨膜输出的活化能没有显著变化.对在红细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT1)内侧特异结合的细胞松弛素B(CB)的抑制效应研究结果表明,糖尿病人的CB抑制常数无明显变化.结合以前我们用根皮素抑制剂的实验,表明Ⅱ型糖尿病患者红细胞膜上GLUT1很可能发生了结构的变化,发生变异的位点在在此膜蛋白的膜外侧区域.     

钆和镱对人红细胞膜脂及膜蛋白的作用

利用荧光偏振,自旋标标顺磁共振波谱和激光拉曼技术研究了钆和镱对人红细胞膜结构和功能的影响。结果表明,低浓度的Ｇｄ３＋（０．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对（Ｎａ＋＋Ｋ＋）－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶有轻微的激活作用,而随着其浓度的增大,则明显抑制酶的活性,Ｇｄ３＋与Ｙｂ３＋和人红细胞膜作用后,降低膜脂流动性,并使膜蛋白酰胺Ｉ＇－α螺旋振动强度减弱．     

红腹柄天牛危害对甜槠可溶性糖含量的影响

通过对不同受害程度的甜槠韧皮部和木质部中可溶性糖含量的测定,分析了其与红腹柄天牛危害之间的关系。结果表明：在天牛取食活动的季节,不同受害程度甜槠的韧皮部和木质部可溶性糖含量不同,韧皮部的反应比木质部更加强烈;受害初期的植株,可溶性糖含量与未受害相比显著减少,这是植物受害后的一种应激反应,重度受害的植株,可溶性糖含量有所回升。     

9-O-Sulfation on alpha-NeuAc-(2-->8)-NeuAc and inter-residue lactonization

Treatment of alpha-NeuAc-(2-->8)-NeuAc (1) with SO3-pyridine (4 equiv) in DMF resulted in selective 9-O-sulfation on the nonreducing end residue and the formation of an inter-residual delta-lactone. The lactonization could result from the C-2 carboxylic acid of the nonreducing residue condensing with the hydroxyl group or/and sulfated group at C-9 of the reducing residue to form a six-membered ring between two adjacent sialic acid residues. When alpha-NeuAc-(2-->9)-NeuAc (5) was used as a sulfation substrate, only 9-O-sulfation on the nonreducing end residue was observed. According to capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis, 9-O-sulfation on the disialic acid is a fast reaction, while sulfation on other hydroxyl groups is insignificant under the conditions used.     

Hydroxyapatite chromatography of the D-glucose transport protein of human erythrocyte membranes

Absorption, circular dichroism, electron spin resonance and resonance Raman spectra of a blue copper protein, plantacyanin from cucumber peel have been measured and these spectral properties compared with those of other blue copper proteins. From the spectral properties, amino acid analysis and redox potential, we discuss the active site and redox properties of this protein.     

早熟禾细胞膜脂肪酸衍生化方法比较

脂肪酸是生物膜的重要组成部分,由于植物细胞不同生物膜特性也不同,同一种酯化方法对不同生物膜脂肪酸酯化后测定分析的结果很难获得满意效果。为了寻找一种比较简单、可靠的衍生化方法,该研究以早熟禾叶片为材料,采用三种衍生化方法分别对其叶绿体、线粒体、液泡及细胞质膜这4种膜脂肪酸衍生化,随后进行 GC 定量测定分析。结果表明：相对于 BF3-甲醇和 HCl-甲醇两种酯化法对部分膜脂肪酸衍生化程度较低,氯乙酰酯化法对这4种膜脂肪酸的衍生化效率高、程度完全,GC 测定结果重复性好、准确率高。该研究结果为其他相关植物细胞的不同膜脂肪酸测定分析提供了一定的理论借鉴。     

Differences in lipid composition between free-living and initially adhered cells of a Gram-negative bacterium

The phospholipid fatty acid composition and poly--hydroxybutyrate (PHB) content of initially adhered and free-living cells of a Pseudomonas sp. isolated from the rape plant Brassica napus were examined with gas chromatography (GC). Five different adhesion experiments were made including variations in surface charge (hydrophilic and lipophilic), temperature, media composition and time of adhesion. Lipids and poly--hydroxybutyrate (PHB) were extracted with a chloroform-methanol-water mixture, hydrolyzed and esterified with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. Analysis was performed with capillary gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. A pronounced difference in both the ratio saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and in PHB content between free-living and adhered bacteria were found. The free-living bacteria has a significantly smaller ratio of saturated/unsaturated C₁₆ and C₁₈ fatty acids and also a smaller ratio of total C₁₈/total C₁₆ fatty acids. Bacteria adhered to the lipophilic surface had a higher ratio of saturated to unsaturated C₁₆ fatty acids than at the hydrophilic surface. There were no major differences between the treatments regarding the amount of bacteria adhered to the surface or their lipid composition.     

用脂肪酸自旋标记研究库存血红细胞膜的流动性

用两种脂肪酸自旋标记物5—DOXYL和16-DOXYL研究了ACD-B库存血保存期间红细胞膜的流动性及其温度相关性.结果发现:血液保存期间红细胞膜浅层流动性降低,深层流动性增高;红细胞膜浅层相变温度点明显降低,红细胞膜深层则出现两个相变温度点T_1和T_2在血液保存期间T_1和T_2逐渐接近并最后融合成一个相变温度点.     

Capillary electrophoresis of erythrocytes

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) of erythrocytes from different sources under various conditions is reported in this paper. It was found that erythrocyte samples from sheep, duck, and human showed characteristic and reproducible elution peaks, and that the retention times of A-, B-, AB-, and O-type erythrocytes from human blood were distinctively different; even subtle differences, among individuals with the same blood type could be detected by CE. A strictly linear correlation was obtained between the peak area and the amount of human erythrocyte over a range of 4.8 x 10(2)-1.9 x 10(4) cells (r=0.999), indicating that CE could be used for rapid and accurate quantification of erythrocytes. Using this CE protocol, the decrease of the surface electrical charge of erythrocyte during storage was confirmed. Therefore, this work demonstrated that CE could be a useful alternative for characterizing and quantifying erythrocytes or other cells.     

人红细胞膜和血浆游离脂肪酸成分分析及其对膜微粘度的影响

采用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）和荧光偏振技术测定了４２例正常人红细胞膜和血浆游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）及膜微粘度,并探讨了膜脂肪酸和血浆ＦＦＡ构成与膜微粘度之间的关系。结果表明：正常人红细胞膜主要由廿二碳六烯酸（Ｃ２２∶６）、花生四烯酸（Ｃ２０∶４）、亚油酸（Ｃ１８∶２）、软脂酸（Ｃ１６∶０）、油酸（Ｃ１８∶１）和硬脂酸（Ｃ１８∶０）等六种脂肪酸组成。血浆ＦＦＡ构成与膜脂肪酸相似,但不含Ｃ２２∶６而含十四烷酸（Ｃ１４∶０）。红细胞膜各脂肪酸含量大多与其血浆浓度呈明显正相关。红细胞膜微粘度与膜软脂酸和硬脂酸呈明显正相关,与膜廿二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸呈明显负相关。提示红细胞膜脂肪酸组成受血浆ＦＦＡ成分影响;而红细胞膜脂肪酸成分对膜微粘度亦有重要影响     

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and salicylic acid interaction with the human erythrocyte membrane bilayer induce in vitro changes in the morphology of erythrocytes

Despite the well-documented information, there are insufficient reports concerning the effects of salicylate compounds on the structure and functions of cell membranes, particularly those of human erythrocytes. With the aim to better understand the molecular mechanisms of the interaction of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) with cell membranes, human erythrocyte membranes and molecular models were utilized. These consisted of bilayers of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE), representative of phospholipid classes located in the outer and inner monolayers of the human erythrocyte membrane, respectively. The capacity of ASA and SA to perturb the multibilayer structures of DMPC and DMPE was evaluated by X-ray diffraction while DMPC unilamellar vesicles (LUV) were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, we took advantage of the capability of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to detect the changes in the thermotropic phase behavior of lipid bilayers resulting from ASA and SA interaction with PC and PE molecules. In an attempt to further elucidate their effects on cell membranes, the present work also examined their influence on the morphology of intact human erythrocytes by means of defocusing and scanning electron microscopy, while isolated unsealed human erythrocyte membranes (IUM) were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Results indicated that both salicylates interact with human erythrocytes and their molecular models in a concentration-dependent manner perturbing their bilayer structures.