人体脉搏的测量与分析

人体脉搏信息反映了人体内部各器官的健康状态。本文介绍了一种用压力传感器实现脉搏测量的系统设计及测量方法,并对测量的脉搏信号进行了频谱分析和讨论,其分析结果与人体生理状况是相符的。     

青藏高原人体脉搏测量及几种脉图对比分析

脉搏信息反映人体内部各器官的健康状况,利用PVDF压力传感器并垫一水囊间接接触法拾取脉搏信息,通过调理放大硬件电路对脉搏信号进行调理放大,借助虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW在PC机上架构虚拟脉搏测试系统,测试并采集了青藏高原地区大量不同人群的脉搏信息数据,给出了几种具有地域特征的脉图,并结合中医脉诊理论进行了对比分析。     

二不同年龄组脉搏波特征参数的研究

选取20名年轻的（21-29岁）和20名年老的（70—80岁）血压正常的健康受试者为研究对象,以12位、250Hz采集每位受试者的指端脉搏波数据、为了研究脉搏波波形特征与生理因素的关系,提出了脉搏波导数最大值这一新的特征参数,该参数具有灵敏度高、计算简单的优点．我们用MATLAB编程自动检测出波形特征点的位置,并计算出每位受试者的各项特征参数值、结果如下：脉搏波导数最大值是年轻组明显大于年老组（P〈0．01）,波图面积的K值是年轻组小于年老组（P〈0．1）．结果预示了这些指标可作为评价心血管系统功能的重要依据。     

脉搏波时标对臂踝脉搏波传播速度测量的影响

臂踝脉搏波传播速度(brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity,baPWV)测量是一种便捷、无创的方法,可用于人体动脉硬化度的评估,在临床和科学研究中广泛应用于血管早期病变的筛查和心血管系统风险的评估。本文设计开发了人体上臂和踝部脉搏波波形采集系统,并利用该系统对59名健康成年人进行实验,研究了目前三种最常用的脉搏波时标(pulse timing mark,PTM)定义方法对baPWV测量的影响。实验结果表明,选用不同的PTM方法所测得的baPWV结果具有显著的差异性(P0.001)。而且,PTM方法的不同还影响到了baPWV与年龄、血压的相互关系。     

高血压患者脉搏波参数与脉搏波传导速度的相关性研究

目的:探讨高血压患者脉搏波参数与脉搏波传导速度的相关性,为从脉图上辨识高血压病及脉搏波参数的拓展应用提供参考。方法:选择2012年6月至2013年6月在北京安贞医院和北京人民医院门诊和住院确诊的原发性高血压患者32例作为实验组,并招募健康成人志愿者29例作为对照组。利用中医四诊合参辅助诊疗仪与皮尺分别采集两组受试者的左侧寸口脉图信息和主动脉至桡动脉的血管长度,计算脉搏波参数及脉搏波传导速度,采用方差分析和皮尔逊简单相关的统计方法分析高血压患者不同的脉搏波参数与其脉搏波传导速度的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,实验组的PWV显著升高,有显著性差异(P0.05)。实验组H2/H1明显高于对照组(P0.05),但H4/H1、T1/T、T2/T比值均显著低于对照组(P0.05),差异均有显著性意义(P0.05)。高血压患者的H2/H1、T1/T、T2/T、H4/H1均与其PWV相关,其中H2/H1与PWV呈显著正相关(P0.05),T1/T、T2/T与PWV呈显著负相关(P0.05),H4/H1与PWV呈一般正相关(P0.05)。结论:高血压患者的脉搏波参数与脉搏波传导速度具有显著相关性,且潮波出现的幅值与脉搏波传导速度有显著正相关;脉搏波上升支和潮波的时值与脉搏波传导速度具有显著负相关,重搏波相对高度与脉搏波传导速度具有一般相关关系,因而可通过脉搏波参数的变化了解高血压患者血管弹性的状态。     

不同年龄段大连群体菲律宾蛤仔EST-SSR多样性

为查明年龄结构对菲律宾蛤仔同一群体内遗传多样的影响,采用14个SSR分子标记对大连石河不同年龄段的野生蛤仔进行了检测。结果表明:不同年龄段(1龄-Age1、2龄-Age2、3龄-Age3)蛤仔均维持着较高的遗传多样性。根据POPGENE 1.31和SPSS16.0统计分析显示,位点Rp-11、Rp-12、Rp-19对3个年龄段蛤仔的等位基因数差异极显著(P<0.01);位点Rp-20、Rp-24、Rp-27、Rp-30对其差异显著(P<0.05);剩余7个位点表现为差异不显著(P>0.05)。在平均水平上,每位点等位基因数目Na为4.3095,有效等位基因数目Ne为2.3729,多态位点百分数P(%)为14。观察杂合度和期望杂合度都比较高,观察杂合度平均为Ho=0.2335,期望杂合度平均为He=0.5140。而且,Ne和He随年龄的变化表现出Age2>Age3>Age1的趋势。各年龄段蛤仔——Age1、Age2、Age3的平均观察杂合度(Ho)和平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.2357、0.2546、0.2159和0.4951、0.5286、0.5184。Age2的遗传多样性指数高于Age1及Age3,遗传分化相对较低。其中,Age1与Age3蛤仔遗传距离最小,D为0.0195,即变异很小;而Age1与Age2遗传距离较大,D为0.0437,变化范围不大(0.0195—0.0437)。从遗传一致度的数值上看了3个年龄段蛤仔的遗传相似程度很大,平均为0.9655。Age1与Age3遗传相似程度高达0.9807,而Age1与Age2相似程度较小为0.9572。说明不同年龄段蛤仔相似程度非常高。根据不同年龄段蛤仔的遗传距离,采用UPGMA平均聚类方法对其进行聚类可知,Age3与Age1蛤仔间遗传距离较小,与Age2蛤仔差异较大。通过对等位基因频率进行卡方检验发现,随着年龄结构的变化,部分基因基因频率减小;同时随着年龄的增长,有部分等位基因得到了纯化。大连群体蛤仔总的遗传分化较低,其遗传分化指数Fst为0.0248(Fst<0.05),遗传分化系数为0.02,说明总的遗传变异中有2%来自于不同年龄段的蛤仔之间。遗传距离和遗传一致度均值分别为0.035和0.9655,基因流(Nm=9.8238)相对流畅,进一步表明年龄结构对蛤仔种群内遗传分化的影响较小。     

健康人不同年龄段HRV频谱分析及进食,心算的影响

应用上医大生理教研室研制的“心率变异性频谱分析仪”,以Ｒ－Ｒ间距总变异性（ＴＶ）、低频成分（ＬＦ）、高频成分（ＨＦ）以及ＬＰ／ＨＦ比值为指标,对健康人不同年龄段、午饭前后及安静与心算时的心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）进行频谱分析,结果表明：健康女性６０岁以上,男性５０岁以上各年龄段ＴＶ较低龄段显著降低,女性３０岁以上各年龄段及男性５０－６０岁ＬＦ、女性２０岁以上及男性２１－５０岁各年龄段ＨＦ均较低龄段升高显著,女性２１－３０岁较１－１０岁ＬＦ／ＨＦ降低显著;午饭后ＴＶ均较饭前显著降低,心算时ＬＦ显著升高,ＨＦ显著降低,≥４０岁组心算时ＬＦ／ＨＦ显著升高。结果提示：健康人高龄段调控心脏的自主神经整合功能显著降低,健康人的交感、迷走神经活动在不同年龄段有着不同的变化;健康成人午饭后自主神经整合功能显著降低;心算时交感神经活动显著增强,迷走神经活动显著降低,≥４０岁组心交感神经活动增强尤为显著。     

血压参数与颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波速度的相关性分析

目的:探讨血压参数与颈动脉一股动脉脉搏波速度(CFPwV)的相关性.方法:共入选1024例体检人员,袖带法测量血压,计算并记录收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)、平均动脉压(MAP).根据血压值水平分为高血压组和非高血压组.使用自动脉搏波速度测定仪测定颈动脉一股动脉脉搏波速度(CFPwV)和中心动脉脉压(CPP).比较高血压组和非高血压组各血压参数及CFPwV.并将各因素与CFPwV进行相关分析和多元逐步回归分析.结果:(1)高血压组与非高血压组比较,SBP、DBP、MAP、PP、CFPwV值在高血压组明显升高(P＜0.05);(2)直线相关分析结果显示,CFPwV与SBP、DBP、PP、MAP、CPP呈正相关,且与CPP的相关性最佳;(3)多因素逐步回归分析显示,CFPwV仅与SBP、PP、CPP具有显著的回归效果,且CPP的偏回归系数大于SBP、PP.结论:SBP、PP、CPP是CFPwV的独立影响因素.在评价动脉硬化方面,CPP有一定的优越性.     

超大剂量ARB治疗不同年龄扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭患者的临床疗效和安全性研究*

目的:探讨超大剂量ARB治疗不同年龄扩张型心肌病(dilated cardiomyopathy,DCM)合并心力衰竭患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择2012年9月-2015年6月西京医院心内科收治的117例DCM合并心衰的住院患者并将其随机分为60岁及以上年龄超大剂量(32例,老年超大剂量组)及常规剂量(34例,老年常规剂量组)ARB治疗组;30岁及以下年龄超大剂量(24例,青年超大剂量组)和常规剂量(27例,青年常规剂量组)ARB治疗组。超大剂量组长期接受ARB(缬沙坦,320-720 mg bid)治疗,常规剂量组长期接受ARB(缬沙坦80-240 mg bid)治疗。进行临床随访,比较各组患者全因死亡率、心衰再入院率及左室射血分数(LVEF)值等。结果:超大剂量组与常规剂量组、老年超大剂量组与老年常规剂量组年龄、性别、BMI、心率、收缩压、舒张压、心功能、高血压人数及比例、LVEF值等临床基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);青年常规剂量舒张压显著高于青年超大剂量组(P0.05),但两组其它基线资料均无统计学差异。经过平均28.18±9.38月的治疗和随访,超大剂量组全因死亡率、心衰再住院率显著低于常规剂量组(P0.05);老年超大剂量组全因死亡率、心衰再住院率显著低于老年常规剂量组(P0.05);青年超大剂量组心衰再住院率显著低于青年常规剂量组(P0.05),但全因死亡率无统计学差异。各组患者治疗后LVEF值均较治疗前有明显提高,且超大剂量组、老年超大剂量组、青年超大剂量组的LVEF值均显著高于其常规剂量组(P0.05)。超大剂量组和常规剂量组都发生了低血压、肝功损害、肾功损害等不良反应,但两组各项不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异。结论:超大剂量ARB治疗DCM合并心衰患者比常规剂量治疗能更大程度上降低死亡率和心衰再住院率,改善心功能也更加明显;但超大剂量ARB治疗青年DCM合并心衰患者仅能进一步降低心衰再住院率,不能降低全因死亡率;在院内严密监护下,超大剂量ARB治疗扩心病合并心衰安全可行。     

臂踝脉搏波速度与老年心血管病高危因素的相关性研究

目的:探讨臂踝脉搏波速度(brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity,BaPWV)和心血管高危因素的相关性.方法:选取2011年1月～2012年1月在我院体检的居民共122例,根据体检结果分为非糖尿病及高血压组(A组,25例),糖尿病组(为B组,22例),高血压组(C组,46例)和高血压合并糖尿病组(D组,29例).记录各组的年龄、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP),舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、左心房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVIDs)、右心室舒张末期内径(IVSd)、肺动脉收缩压(SPAP)和射血分数(EF).并检测肌酐(Scr)、尿酸(UA)、血糖(BG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酷(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、餐后血糖和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平.结果:各组之间Scr、UA、BG、TC、LDL、HbA1c、LAD、LVIDd、IVSd、LVIDs、SPAP、IMT、SBP、DBP、EF和BaPWV的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01),而各组之间年龄、BMI、TG、HDL、餐后血糖、IMT和HR差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).多元逐步回归分析发现:年龄、BG、TC和SBP是影响BaPWV的独立因素.结论:BaPWV在心血管高危因素患者中显著增加,年龄、BG、TC和SBP与BaPWV呈正相关.     

Age and body mass index associations with body segment parameters

Body segment parameters (BSPs) such as segment mass, center of mass, and radius of gyration are required in many ergonomic tools and biomechanical models to estimate injury risk, and quantify muscle and joint contact forces. Currently, the full effects of age and obesity have not been taken into account when predicting BSPs. The goal of this study is to quantify the impact of body mass index (BMI) and age on BSPs, in order to provide more representative measures necessary for modeling inputs. A whole body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was collected for 280 working men and women with a wide range of BMI and aged 21 to 70 years. Established DXA processing methods were used to determine in-vivo estimates of the mass, center of mass, and radius of gyration for the upper arm, forearm, torso, thigh, and shank for males and females. Regression models were used to determine if age and BMI terms, as well as their interactions, were associated with these BSPs. The variability in BSPs explained by BMI alone ranged from 4 to 51%, and age explained an additional 3–19%. Thus, BMI and age are significant correlates of BSPs, and need to be taken into account when predicting certain BSPs in order to obtain accurate and representative results in biomechanical models.     

An Analysis of Age Structure and the Strategy for Asexual Propagation of Aneurolepidium chinense Population

Aneurolepidiurn chinense (Trin.) Kitag. is a rhizome grass. Among the total earing plants of the population in natural cutting grassland, 87 % was winterness plants. The oldest tillering node was four age, and its life time would reach five years. The plants of one and two age held the absolute dominant position and their proportion was 92.5% in the age structure of developing plants from the tillering nodes. The productivity of one age plants was the highest among plants of the total ages, whereas the vitalities of plants were evidently weakened by the third age. On the age structure, A. chinense population in the cutting grassland was a type of mixed population which was an expanding and a stable population. The strategy of asexual propagation, in which the age structure of the population would be regulated by developing plants from rhizome end, and the mechanism of biology and ecology on natural sustaining renovation of A. chinense grassland were comprehensively analysed.     

具有脉冲生育和脉冲收获的时滞SEI害虫治理模型的动力学分析

根据控制害虫的生物策略,考虑了一个不同时刻害虫具有脉冲生育和对害虫进行脉冲收获的时滞的SEI害虫治理模型.我们证明了系统所有的解都是一致有界的,同时获得了无病周期解是全局吸引的充分条件.进一步,得到了具有时滞的系统持续生存的充分条件.基于研究所得到的结果,作者提出了害虫治理的一些合理建议.     

Human impact during the Bronze Age on the vegetation at Lago Lucone (northern Italy)

Lake-sediment records were used to reconstruct human impact on the landscape around Lago Lucone (45°33′N, 10°29′E, 249 m a.s.l.), a former lake in the western amphitheatre system of the Lago di Garda. Presence of prehistoric human populations is attested by pile-dwelling settlements from the Early-Middle Bronze Age, with one settlement at a distance of only 100 m from the coring site. Pollen, plant-macrofossil and microscopic charcoal analyses were applied to a 250 cm sediment core with four dates providing the time control. A mixed oak forest that was important during the Early-Middle Holocene was cleared and replaced by open vegetation during the Bronze Age (∼2000–1100 b.c.) when open lands were estimated to have covered more than 60% of the total relevant pollen-source area. During a phase of high human impact, independent climatic proxies suggest warm and dry climatic conditions. Later, ca. 1100 b.c., palaeobotanical evidence indicates a sharp decrease in human pressure in the Lago Lucone area. The comparison with other sedimentary palaeocultural records shows that the period 1300–1100 b.c. was characterised by general declines of agricultural activities both south and north of the Alps. These declines have been previously attributed to a change towards wetter and colder climatic conditions in and around the Alps. However, the decline in human impact around Lago Lucone cannot be exclusively attributed to climatic variation. Therefore other forcing factors independent of climatic changes, such as cultural crises or changes in spatial organisation of the habitats, cannot be ruled out under the present state of knowledge.     

用于全眼段成像和视轴参数测量的四焦点开关光学相干断层扫描

本文演示了四焦点开关傅里叶域光学相干断层扫描系统用于全眼段成像和体内视轴参数(VAP)测量的可行性.使用包括不同厚度平行玻璃板的两个同步转盘来将探测光束的焦点位置从角膜以及晶状体的前部和后部切换到视网膜.该过程同时增加了参考光束的深度范围.这种多级聚焦的方法可以使探测光束完全聚焦在人眼的每个部分.初步实验表明,该方法可...     

低频脉冲电刺激联合木丹颗粒对糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效

目的:探讨低频脉冲电治疗仪联合木丹颗粒对糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效。方法:收集我院收治的糖尿病周围神经病变患者90例,随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组患者给予甲钴胺片治疗,实验组患者给予木丹颗粒联合低频脉冲电刺激治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后FBG、P2h BG及Hb Alc水平的变化情况,记录患者正中神经、腓神经的运动神经传导速度(MCV)及感觉神经传导速度(SCV),参照TCSS评分判定临床疗效。结果:治疗后,两组患者腓总神经及正中神经MCV、SCV均上升,与对照组比较,实验组上升显著,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者TCSS评分均下降,与对照组比较,实验组下降更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:低频脉冲电治疗仪联合木丹颗粒治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效优于单用甲钴胺片治疗。     

Age-Correlated Loss of Dopaminergic Binding Sites in Human Basal Ganglia

Abstract: Human caudate nucleus, putamen, substantia nigra, and nucleus accumbens were analyzed for the effects of age on dopaminergic binding sites. Decreases in the number of dopaminergic binding sites were detected with age in caudate nucleus (44 specimens from three sample groups) and substantia nigra (n = 12). In caudate nucleus, the decline in [³H]2-amino-6,7-dehydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene sites was three times greater than for [³H]spiperone, but age changes were significant in only two of the three sampling groups. No age changes in binding were detected in the putamen (n = 44) or nucleus accumbens. Age, sex, and tissue source all significantly contributed to variance. However, cause of death, time from death to tissue freezing, and length of storage did not influence dopaminergic binding in the caudate nucleus or putamen. Relative to the life-span, the age-correlated decrease in dopaminergic binding sites of human brain approximates that in aging rodent striatum. Comparisons of altered dopaminergic binding with other age-correlated changes suggest that neuronal loss may not be involved in the loss of binding sites before midlife.