一种SDS-PAGE与MALDI-TOF质谱联用的方法

以尿激酶原为材料,探索一种从SDS-PAGE胶上回收蛋白质做MALDI-TOF质谱的方法.所用的回收方法包括电洗脱、脱盐、除SDS等过程.电洗脱用的是高盐阻断法,脱盐用的是超滤技术,去除SDS用的是冷丙酮沉淀法.结果证明,此方法至少对一些蛋白质（如尿激酶原和牛血清白蛋白）是可行的.     

MALDI-TOF质谱在细菌检测及鉴定中的研究进展

近年来,随着质谱技术的快速发展,软电离方式的出现,基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱能够对蛋白质、核酸及脂类等生物大分子进行快速、准确的分析,进而使得其被应用于细菌的检测及鉴定成为可能。本文综述了当前基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱在细菌检测及鉴定方面的研究进展。     

生物质谱技术在糖蛋白结构分析中的应用

生物质谱包括基质辅助激光解吸附飞行时间质谱及电喷雾质谱被广泛应用于生物样品如多肽、蛋白质及核酸的分析,由于这种具有软电离方式的质谱具有极高的灵敏度及准确度,目前也被成功地用于糖蛋白的结构分析,与普通的化学方法相比,质谱法快速、简单,结合网上数据库检索、凝集素亲和提取、二维凝胶电泳以及靶上直接酶切等新方法,可以提供糖蛋白的一级结构乃至高级结构的信息。     

采用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF)鉴定曲霉属Flavi组和Fumigati组的一些种（英文）

一些曲霉是主要的食物腐败菌及人的病原体,特别是免疫系统受损的病人可能导致严重的感染。本研究评价了利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对一些临床和环境中重要的Flavi组和Fumigati组曲霉,进行鉴定的可能性,并将结果与形态学及测序结果(ITS区和部分-tubulin和钙调蛋白基因)进行比较分析。通过曲霉中34个Flavi组菌株和30个Fumigati组菌株的质谱分析,来建立基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱的数据库。对光谱数据进行聚类分析表明Fumigati组的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱的结果与系统发育结果完全一致;Flavi组的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱方法将A.flavus,A.oryzae,A.sojae和A.parasiticus分开的效果比测序方法好。随后,再选取用于验证数据库的50个菌株中49个(98%)菌株用质谱数据得到正确鉴定。对于分离本研究中曲霉的隐形种,基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱方法优于测序方法。这种方法可以用于曲霉临床实验室鉴定的标准方法,因为临床需要快速和稳定的鉴定方法,这对于适当的治疗方案的选择很重要,此方法同样适于环境研究工作。     

基质辅助激光解吸附电离飞行时间串联质谱应用于液体培养细菌的鉴定

目前, 利用质谱直接鉴定细菌的方法基本是应用固体培养基获得的单克隆细菌, 该方法耗时较长. 因此建立基质辅助激光解吸附电离飞行时间串联质谱直接分析液体培养细菌, 通过正交实验, 以2, 5-二羟基苯甲酸(50 mg/mL, 50%乙腈-0.1%三氟乙酸)为基质获得最佳质谱图. 通过主成分分析能将不同种细菌区别开. 在混合培养时, 每种细菌的主要特征峰能在混合样品的质谱图中找到, 并且该方法灵敏度为1.8×10³. 结果表明, 该方法快速、灵敏, 可用于临床样本的快速辅助检测.     

ITS序列分析与MALDI-TOF MS质谱技术在丝状真菌鉴定中的应用

丝状真菌常用的鉴定方法为形态方法和基因鉴定方法,前者限于检验人员的知识和技能,后者操作繁琐,费用略昂贵,不适合常规开展。因此,寻找丝状真菌快速鉴定方法势在必行。本文采用VITEK MALDI-TOF MS（基质辅助激光解析电离时间飞行质谱）IVD数据库（3.0版本）对临床分离的254株丝状真菌进行鉴定,并以ITS（internal transcribed spacer 内转录间隔区）序列分析为标准,验证MALDI-TOF MS质谱技术鉴定丝状真菌的准确性。结果表明MALDI-TOF MS质谱技术可以对大部分丝状真菌实现快速、准确的鉴定,其中对毛癣菌属（100%）、毛孢子菌属（100%）、毛霉菌属（100%）、曲霉菌属（96.5%）准确率很高,对犬小孢子菌（75%）、镰刀菌属（50%）、新月弯孢霉（46.2%）准确率较低,对丝状真菌鉴定的总体准确率为86.36%,与ITS测序分析符合率为83.97%。     

MALDI-TOF MS技术在临床病原真菌鉴定中的应用进展

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术（MALDI-TOF-MS）目前是一种快速而可靠的微生物鉴定方法.随着可鉴定真菌谱的完善,MALDI-TOF MS技术已逐步应用于临床常见致病酵母菌、酵母样真菌和丝状菌的鉴定中,本文将就此做一综述.     

基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱与细菌的快速鉴定

用传统的方法鉴别细菌往往需要较长的时间(≥48h)和复杂的程序,不利于细菌的快速鉴定。基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱是最近采用的用于细菌检测的生物质谱技术,可以对完整的细菌进行检测。这种技术以激光作为能量来源,将待测细菌的表面成分解析为离子,产生重现性很好的质谱图。将未知细菌质谱图与细菌质谱图库进行比较,可以达到对细菌进行鉴剐的目的。此种质谱技术的应用,对微生物的快速鉴别有重要意义。     

用于MALDI-TOF MS分析的毛细管层析柱制备方法研究

研究了一种用于MALDI-TOF MS分析中样品预处理毛细管亲和层析柱的制备方法。首先采用硫酸和双氧水氧化法将羟基引入到石英毛细管内表面,进一步使用氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）对毛细管进行修饰以将氨基偶联到毛细管内表面;采用1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚（BDDE）将魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）进行活化,将活化后的KGM与毛细管上的氨基进行了偶联,在此基础上将模型蛋白（胰蛋白酶）偶联到毛细管内KGM,成功制备出毛细管亲和层析柱,考察了KGM和环氧基含量对模型蛋白偶联量及其样品预处理效果的影响。结果表明,KGM分子量是影响毛细管层析柱上蛋白偶联量的关键因素,以胰蛋白酶抑制剂为目标物结合MALDI-TOF MS对亲和层析柱的分离效果进行了评价,证明了偶联胰蛋白酶的毛细管层析柱可有效实现胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分离和浓缩。基于表面处理和KGM衍生的毛细管亲和层析柱制备技术具有可行性,并可用于MALDI-TOF MS分析的样品预处理。     

基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术在病原真菌检验中的应用进展

基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术是一种可用于检测大分子物质的“软电离”质谱分析技术,近年来在致病性真菌研究中的作用日显突出,该文对近几年该技术在病原真菌研究中的应用进展作一综述。     

Combination of Micropreparative Capillary Electrophoresis and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Peptide Analysis

Signal suppression is a problem in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of peptides prepared by capillary electrophoresis. Many common electrolytes that are efficient for separation, such as sodium phosphate, also are strongly suppressive during laser desorption/ionization. We have tested individual electrolytes for highest performance in each step of separation and collection, respectively. Suppression is not observed if citrate, trifluoroacetic acid, or hydrochloric acid is used for collection, while phosphate still can be employed in the capillary providing excellent resolution. Low concentrations of hydrochloric acid added to the sample/matrix mixture generate mass spectra with better ion intensities than if trifluoroacetic acid or citrate is used.     

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Microorganisms in Clinical Urine Specimens after Two Pretreatments

Rapid identification of microorganisms in urine is essential for patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been proposed as a method for the direct identification of urinary pathogens. Our purpose was to compare centrifugation-based MALDI-TOF MS and short-term culture combined with MALDI-TOF MS for the direct identification of pathogens in urine specimens. We collected 965 urine specimens from patients with suspected UTIs, 211/965 isolates were identified as positive by conventional urine culture. Compared with the conventional method, the results of centrifugation-based MALDI-TOF MS were consistent in 159/211 cases (75.4%), of which 135/159 (84.9%) had scores ≥ 2.00; 182/211 cases (86.3%) were detected using short-term culture combined with MALDI-TOF MS, of which 153/182 (84.1%) had scores ≥ 2.00. There were no apparent differences among the three methods (p = 0.135). MALDI-TOF MS appears to accelerate the microbial identification speed in urine and saves at least 24 to 48 hours compared with the routine urine culture. Centrifugation-based MALDI-TOF MS is characterized by faster identification speed; however, it is substantially affected by the number of bacterial colonies. In contrast, short-term culture combined with MALDI-TOF MS has a higher detection rate but a relatively slow identification speed. Combining these characteristics, the two methods may be effective and reliable alternatives to traditional urine culture.     

Identification of Putative Biomarkers for Toluene-Degrading Burkholderia and Pseudomonads by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Peptide Mass Fingerprinting

The use of peptide mass fingerprinting with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was demonstrated to identify and phenotypically characterize toluene-degrading bacteria via biomarkers of degradation and taxonomical classification. Pseudomonas putida F1, P. mendocina KR1, and Burkholderia sp. JS150 were grown on toluene, extracted, electrophoretically separated, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Catabolic enzymes were identified and results substantiated using tandem MS.     

Review of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Imaging Mass Spectrometry for Lipid Biochemical Histopathology

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Imaging Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) is a rapidly evolving method used for the in situ visualization and localization of molecules such as drugs, lipids, peptides, and proteins in tissue sections. Therefore, molecules such as lipids, for which antibodies and other convenient detection reagents do not exist, can be detected, quantified, and correlated with histopathology and disease mechanisms. Furthermore, MALDI-IMS has the potential to enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis through the use of “biochemical histopathology”. Herein, we review the underlying concepts, basic methods, and practical applications of MALDI-IMS, including post-processing steps such as data analysis and identification of molecules. The potential utility of MALDI-IMS as a companion diagnostic aid for lipid-related pathological states is discussed.     

基体辅助激光解吸电离质谱法及其应用

基体辅助激光解吸电离质谱是近几年才发展起来的一种新技术,它在生命科学研究中具有广阔的应用前景．对基体辅助激光解吸电离质谱技术的基本原理,运用基体辅助激光解吸电离质谱法研究蛋白质分子量的测定,蛋白质混合物的分离鉴定以及用基体辅助激光解吸电离质谱技术进行超快速的蛋白质序列分析和DNA序列分析的可行性和存在的问题作了介绍和讨论．     

Detection of Biosignatures by Geomatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (GALDI) Mass Spectrometry

Identification of mineral-associated biosignatures is of significance for retrieving biochemical information from geological records here on Earth and for detecting signs of life on other planets, such as Mars. An investigation using laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry was conducted to determine whether geomatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (GALDI) can be used to detect amino acids (e.g., histidine, threonine, and cysteine) and small proteins (e.g., gramicidin S) associated with mineral phases and whether the geomatrix impacts detection. Iron oxide (Fe₂ O ₃ ) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were investigated as clean chemical analogues of hematite and halite, respectively, which have both been detected on the surface of Mars. Samples were prepared by 2 methods: (1) application of analyte solution to the geomatrix surface with subsequent drying; and (2) physical mixing of analyte and geomatrix. Amino acids incorporated within NaCl by physical mixing yielded a better signal-to-noise ratio than those that were applied to the surface of a NaCl pellet. The composition of the geomatrix had an influence on the detection of biomolecules. Peaks corresponding to the cation-attached biomolecular ions were observed for the NaCl prepared samples. However, no biomolecular ion species were observed in samples using Fe ₂ O ₃ as geomatrix. Instead, only minor peaks that may correspond to ions derived from fragments of the biomolecules were obtained.     

Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Intact Proteins Larger than 100 kDa

Effectively determining masses of proteins is critical to many biological studies (e.g. for structural biology investigations). Accurate mass determination allows one to evaluate the correctness of protein primary sequences, the presence of mutations and/or post-translational modifications, the possible protein degradation, the sample homogeneity, and the degree of isotope incorporation in case of labelling (e.g. ¹³C labelling).Electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is widely used for mass determination of denatured proteins, but its efficiency is affected by the composition of the sample buffer. In particular, the presence of salts, detergents, and contaminants severely undermines the effectiveness of protein analysis by ESI-MS. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS is an attractive alternative, due to its salt tolerance and the simplicity of data acquisition and interpretation. Moreover, the mass determination of large heterogeneous proteins (bigger than 100 kDa) is easier by MALDI-MS due to the absence of overlapping high charge state distributions which are present in ESI spectra.Here we present an accessible approach for analysing proteins larger than 100 kDa by MALDI-time of flight (TOF). We illustrate the advantages of using a mixture of two matrices (i.e. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) and the utility of the thin layer method as approach for sample deposition. We also discuss the critical role of the matrix and solvent purity, of the standards used for calibration, of the laser energy, and of the acquisition time. Overall, we provide information necessary to a novice for analysing intact proteins larger than 100 kDa by MALDI-MS.     

六种猪呼吸道RNA病毒MALDI-TOF MS同步检测体系的构建

【目的】建立猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)、口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)和猪流感病毒(swine influenza virus,SIV)的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)多目标检测方法,同时对SIV进行通用型、H1型及H3型分型检测。【方法】本研究根据6种病原体基因的保守序列,设计了6对加标引物及对应的延伸探针并进行单反应试验。通过体系优化引物浓度和反应条件,以及方法特异性、重复性及灵敏度分析,使用MALDI-TOF MS检测方法及荧光定量PCR方法分别对临床样本和猪源产制品进行检测,并对结果进行对比验证。【结果】质谱结果显示,6种产物峰仅在靶标病毒对应的产物位置出现峰...