抗防腐剂型微生物培养基研究*

食品饮料中含有山梨酸、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸及苯甲酸钠等防腐剂会对其中的细菌和真菌的检出造成严重干扰,把测定体系的抗防腐剂指数控制在８１．１～９４．５之间,可较好地消除防腐剂对微生物生长的抑制。防腐剂解抑剂Ⅲ的抗防腐剂指数为９２．３４,对细菌和真菌的生长无抑制作用,加入经改良和优化的普通培养基后,制得５种抗防腐剂型培养基,在灭菌前后和一年保存期内,它们的抗防腐剂指数基本保持不变。与普通培养基比较,当采用大样倾注平板法和液体大样法检测含有防腐剂的样品时,抗防腐剂型培养基可极大地提高样品中的细菌和真菌的检出率。     

抗干扰微生物培养基的抗干扰性能研究*

食品饮料中残留防腐剂、消毒剂和臭氧会对其中的细菌和真菌的检出造成严重干扰,当采用大样倾注平板法和液体大样法测定细菌和真菌总数及采用国标大肠菌群测定法测定大肠菌群MPN值时,使用抗防腐剂型、抗消毒剂型及抗臭氧型微生物培养基分别检测含有防腐剂山梨酸钾及苯甲酸钠、消毒剂二氧化氧和臭氧的样品,其检出细菌、真菌和大肠菌群的能力大大高于普通微生物培养基,与采用普通微生物培养基检测不合防腐剂、消毒剂及臭氧的样品中的细菌、真菌和大肠菌群的检出能力基本一致。     

抗干扰微生物培养基的抗干扰性能研究

食品饮料中残留防腐剂、消毒剂和臭氧会对其中的细菌和真菌的检出造成严重干扰,当采用大样倾注平板法和液体大样法测定细菌和真菌总数及采用国标大肠菌群测定法测定大肠菌群MPN值时,使用抗防腐剂型、抗消毒剂型及抗臭氧型微生物培养基分别检测含有防腐剂山梨酸钾及苯甲酸钠、消毒剂二氧化氧和臭氧的样品,其检出细菌、真菌和大肠菌群的能力大大高于普通微生物培养基,与采用普通微生物培养基检测不合防腐剂、消毒剂及臭氧的样品中的细菌、真菌和大肠菌群的检出能力基本一致。     

抗消毒剂型微生物培养基研究*

二氧化氯、过氧乙酸、次氯酸钠及过氧化氢等消毒剂高浓度可以杀灭微生物,低浓度可以抑制微生物生长。在微生物检测中,要消除消毒剂的干扰,培养基的抗消毒剂指数必须控制在１２．０—２４.５之间。消毒剂解抑剂Ⅰ的抗消毒剂指数为 １２．０,对细菌和真菌生长无明显抑制作用,加入经改良和优化的普通培养基后,制得５种抗消毒剂型培养基,在灭菌前后和一年的保存期内,其抗消毒剂指数基本保持不变。当采用大样倾注平板法和液体大样法检测残留消毒剂的样品时,使用抗消毒剂型培养基检出细菌和真菌能力大大高于普通培养基。     

抗消毒剂型微生物培养基研究

二氧化氯、过氧乙酸、次氯酸钠及过氧化氢等消毒剂高浓度可以杀灭微生物,低浓度可以抑制微生物生长。在微生物检测中,要消除消毒剂的干扰,培养基的抗消毒剂指数必须控制在１２．０—２４.５之间。消毒剂解抑剂Ⅰ的抗消毒剂指数为 １２．０,对细菌和真菌生长无明显抑制作用,加入经改良和优化的普通培养基后,制得５种抗消毒剂型培养基,在灭菌前后和一年的保存期内,其抗消毒剂指数基本保持不变。当采用大样倾注平板法和液体大样法检测残留消毒剂的样品时,使用抗消毒剂型培养基检出细菌和真菌能力大大高于普通培养基。     

抗干扰微生物检测技术研究

在检测细菌、真菌和大肠菌群时,抗防腐剂型微生物培养基可消除样品中浓度为 ２．０ｇ／Ｌ（Ｋｇ）的山梨酸、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸及苯甲酸钠的干扰;抗消毒剂型微生物培养基可分别消除１５０ｍｇ／ Ｌ二氧化氯、４００ｍｐ／ Ｌ过氧乙酸、７００ｍｇ／ Ｌ次氯酸钠及１８０ｍｐ／ Ｌ过氧化氢的干扰;抗臭氧型微生物培养基可以消除１０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的臭氧和余氯的干扰。大样倾注平板法可以取５ｍＬ的样品,适用所有样品的检测;液体大样法可以取１００ｍＬ的样品,适用于所有样品的检测及增菌,特别适用于无色液体样品;最小近似数法可以检出次大样中     

抗臭氧型微生物培养基研究*

通常采用臭氧对水体进行灭菌,在臭氧与矿泉水混合后,当其浓度分别为０．１８３、０．３１１及０．５８４ｍｇ／Ｌ时,起始阶段臭氧分解速度较小,１．５￣５．５ｈ内其分解速度加快,至９．５ｈ后,在水中的臭氧浓度已降至０．０４０￣０．０６０ｍｇ／Ｌ,但要彻底分解则需２４ｈ以上。从抗消毒剂型微生物培养基基础上发展起来的抗臭氧型微生物培养基,在普通倾注平板法、大样倾注平板法、液体大样法和最小近似数法中,当检测含有     

胆囊细菌L型

用非高渗透压培养基培养法从常规细菌学检查阴性的慢性胆囊炎胆囊组织、胆汁及胆石中分离细菌Ｌ型,获得了８６．０２～１００％的检出率。胆囊检出的细菌Ｌ型绝大多数是稳定Ｌ型,在常规细菌学培养基或Ｌ型高渗透压琼脂培养基上不能形成可见的生长现象。沸水浴１０分钟可杀死胆囊或胆结石中的细菌Ｌ型,多种抗生素能抑制胆囊细菌Ｌ型的生长。细菌稳定Ｌ型在胆囊中如此广泛存在,可能是慢性胆囊炎与胆囊结石的重要病因。     

氧化松针煮汁培养基——一种选择性真菌培养基

用松树针叶煮汁加人高锰酸钾做成的培养基,其氧化还原电位比马铃薯培养基为高,能强烈地抑制细菌的生长,但不抑制真菌的生长。这种选择性培养基可用于土壤真菌、植物病原真菌、昆虫寄生真菌的分离、计数和培养,而且适用于农村科学实验工作。     

培养真菌的试剂松膏和松膏培养基

松树针叶浸提物具有抑制细菌、放线菌等微生物的生长以及促进真菌生长的作用,作者在原工作基础上进一步研制出培养真菌的试剂松膏。按一定比例将松膏加入到培养基中,就可以抑制细菌等非目的微生物,并促进真菌的生长。因此,松膏是为配制选择性真菌培养基和真菌的一般培养用培养基而提供的试剂。     

Separation and simultaneous determination of nalidixic acid, hydroxynalidixic acid and carboxynalidixic acid in serum and urine by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Separation in capillary electrophoresis is governed by various factors, including buffer type, buffer concentration, pH, temperature, voltage and micelles. Through proper adjustment of these parameters, nalidixic acid and its two major metabolites, 7-hydroxynalidixic and 7-carboxynalidixic, could be separated by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using an electrophoretic electrolyte consisting of 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9) containing 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate and 10% acetonitrile. A linear relationship between concentration and peak area for each compound was obtained in the concentration range 0.15–100 μg ml⁻¹, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 and detection limits in the 0.2–0.7 ng ml⁻¹ range. Intra- and inter-day precision values of about 0.8–1.2% RSD (n=11) and 1.3–2.0% RSD (n=30), respectively, were obtained. The method has been applied to the analysis of nalidixic acid and its two major metabolites in serum and urine with limits of sensitivity lower than 0.8 ng ml⁻¹.     

酚酸类物质对三七幼苗的化感影响

该文研究了不同浓度的阿魏酸、对香豆酸、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸5种酚酸类物质对三七幼苗生长和生理的影响。结果表明:处理后,三七幼苗的苗高、根长、可溶性蛋白质含量、根系活力、CAT以及POD活性均有所降低。其中,阿魏酸各处理组幼苗的苗高及POD活性均显著降低,50、100 mg·L~(-1)的对香豆酸以及100 mg·L~(-1)的香草酸处理组幼苗苗高也分别比对照显著降低16.19%、16.67%和29.29%;对香豆酸、丁香酸以及对羟基苯甲酸各处理组幼苗根长均显著低于对照;香草酸处理组幼苗的根系活力也显著低于对照,且幼苗的CAT活性在10、50、100 mg·L~(-1)丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸以及香草酸处理下也达到了显著降低水平。此外,1 mg·L~(-1)阿魏酸以及100 mg·L~(-1)香草酸处理组幼苗的叶绿素含量也均显著降低;中高浓度的阿魏酸、对香豆酸、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸增加了三七幼苗的MDA含量,而香草酸在0.1、1、10、100 mg·L~(-1)浓度下显著降低幼苗的MDA含量;丁香酸、香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸以及中高浓度的对香豆酸增加了三七幼苗的SOD活性,且香草酸各处理组均达到了显著性水平。综上结果表明,5种酚酸类物质对三七幼苗均具有一定的化感抑制作用,但各酚酸物质的作用方式及强度并不完全一致,阿魏酸的化感影响较大,这为进一步研究三七的化感自毒作用提供了一定的理论参考。     

Comparative acid stress response of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium after habituation at different pH conditions

AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of habituation at different pH conditions on the acid resistance of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, and to identify potential differences between the adaptive responses of the three pathogens. METHODS: Stationary phase cells of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, grown in glucose-free media, were exposed to pH 3.5 broth directly or after habituation for 90 min at various pH conditions from 4.0 to 6.0. Survivors at pH 3.5 were determined by plating on tryptic soy agar and incubating at 30 degrees C for 48 h. The kinetics (death rate) of the pathogens at pH 3.5 was calculated by fitting the data to an exponential model. RESULTS: Habituation to acidic environments provided protection of the pathogens against lethal acid conditions. This acid protection, however, was found to be pH dependent. For example, for E. coli O157:H7 an increased acid resistance was observed after habituation at a pH range from 4.0 to 5.5, while the maximum acid tolerance was induced at pH 5.0. Furthermore, the effect of low pH habituation was different among pathogens. For L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, the pH range within which habituation resulted to increased acid resistance was 5.0-6.0, 4.0-5.5 and 4.0-5.0, respectively, while the maximum acid tolerance was induced after habituation at pH 5.5, 5.0 and 4.5, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: Acid stress conditions are common within current food processing technologies. The information on adaptive responses of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium after habituation to different pH environments provided in the present study, could lead to a more realistic evaluation of food safety concerns and to a better selection of processes in order to avoid adaptation phenomena and to minimize the potential for food safety risks.     

Temperature regulates tuber-inducing lipoxygenase-derived metabolites in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Temperature is one of the major environmental factors affecting potato tuberization. It has been suggested that lipoxygenase (LOX) mediates between temperature and tuber induction. In this study, the contents of the LOX-derived metabolites hydroperoxylinolenic acid (HPOT), jasmonic acid (JA), tuberonic acid (TA) and tuberonic acid glucoside (TAG) were analyzed in leaves of potatoes growing at different temperatures. At low, tuber-inducing temperature, endogenous levels of JA, TA and TAG rise, indicating their crucial role in tuber induction. The concentration of 13(S)-HPOT seems not to be directly affected by temperature. Instead, the molecule has only a short half-life in leaves and is readily metabolized.     

Triterpene acids from Salvia and Teucrium species

The pentacyclic triterpene acids ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, micromeric acid, maslinic acid and 3-epi-maslinic acid have been isolated from several Salvia and Teucrium species.     

氨基酸分析仪测定饲料添加剂——叶酸的方法

用６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸于１１０℃条件下水解饲料添加剂——叶酸,使之游离出谷氨酸,用氢氧化钠中和调节ｐＨ到２,氨基酸分析仪测定谷氨酸含量,经与标准叶酸水解样品比较,计算出叶酸的纯度。该方法重现性好,变异系数ＣＶ＝０．０８％,平均回收率为９８．３４％,浓度与峰面积呈线性相关,相关系数ｒ＝０．９９８７,可随氨基酸分析同时进行,不需改变任何分析条件。     

硬枝树花中抑制H_22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的活性成分研究

研究了从硬枝树花中提取得到的4个单体化合物松萝酸(usnic acid)、去甲环萝酸(evernic acid)、巴尔巴地衣酸(barbatic acid)和水杨嗪酸(salazinic acid)对H22荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用,并且对抑瘤率、胸腺指数、脾指数及小鼠白介素-2含量等各个指标的进行检测,以说明此4种化合物对小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制效果。结果表明,松萝酸高、中剂量组,去甲环萝酸高、中剂量组,巴尔巴地衣酸低剂量组,水杨嗪酸高剂量组对小鼠肿瘤有较好的抑制效果,与阴性对照组比较有极显著差异(P0.01),并且这些组的H22荷瘤小鼠血清中白介素-2的含量显著增加,与抑制肿瘤活性具有相关性。