Wetland dicots and monocots differ in colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes

As an initial step towards evaluating whether mycorrhizas influence composition and diversity in calcareous fen plant communities, we surveyed root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE) in 67 plant species in three different fens in central New York State (USA). We found colonization by AMF and DSE in most plant species at all three sites, with the type and extent of colonization differing between monocots and dicots. On average, AMF colonization was higher in dicots (58±3%, mean±SE) than in monocots (13±4%) but DSE colonization followed the opposite trend (24±3% in monocots and 9±1% in dicots). In sedges and cattails, two monocot families that are often abundant in fens and other wetlands, AMF colonization was usually very low (<10%) in five species and completely absent in seven others. However, DSE colonization in these species was frequently observed. Responses of wetland plants to AMF and DSE are poorly understood, but in the fen communities surveyed, dicots appear to be in a better position to respond to AMF than many of these more abundant monocots (e.g., sedges and cattails). In contrast, these monocots may be more likely to respond to DSE. Future work directed towards understanding the response of these wetland plants to AMF and DSE should provide insight into the roles these fungal symbionts play in influencing diversity in fen plant communities.     

Root fungal symbionts interact with mammalian herbivory, soil nutrient availability and specific habitat conditions

Herbivory, competition and soil fertility interactively shape plant communities and exhibit an important role in modifying conditions for host-dependent fungal symbionts. However, field studies on the combined impacts of natural herbivory, competition and soil fertility on root fungal symbionts are rare. We asked how mammalian herbivory, fertilization, liming and plant–plant competition affect the root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi of the dicot herb, Solidago virgaurea. The 2-year full-factorial experiment was conducted in two contrasting habitats: non-acidic and acidic mountain tundra. We found that herbivory increased arbuscular colonization (i.e. the site of resource exchange) at fertile non-acidic sites, where vegetation was rich in species having AMF symbionts, whereas at infertile acidic sites, where plants having AMF symbiont are scarce, the response was the opposite. Herbivory of the host plant negatively affected DSE hyphal and sclerotial colonization in unfertilized plots, possibly due to reduced carbon flow from the host plant while there was no effect of herbivory in fertilized plots. DSE colonization was highest in unfertilized exclosures where soil nutrient concentrations were also lowest. Liming had a negative effect on DSE hyphal colonization, and its effect also interacted with herbivory and the habitat. Biomass removal of the neighboring plants did not affect the root colonization percent of either arbuscules or DSE. Our results show that the impacts of aboveground mammalian herbivory, soil nutrient availability and specific habitat conditions on belowground root fungal symbionts are highly dependent on each other. Arbuscule response to herbivory appeared to be regulated by specific habitat conditions possibly caused by differences in the AMF availability in the soil while DSE response was associated with availability of host-derived carbon. Our result of the relationship between herbivory and soil nutrients suggests an important role of DSE in ecosystem processes.     

荒漠北沙柳根系丛枝菌根真菌和黑隔内生真菌定殖状况

为利用土壤共生真菌资源促进荒漠植被恢复和生态重建, 分别于2013年6月、8月和10月, 从内蒙古元上都地区采集北沙柳(Salix psammophila)根围0-10、10-20、20-30、30-40和40-50 cm共5个土层的土壤样品, 系统研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和黑隔内生真菌(DSE)的时空分布及其与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明: AMF和DSE的平均定殖率分别为77%和84%, 说明北沙柳根系能与这两类真菌形成良好的共生关系。AMF和DSE的分布和定殖具有明显的时空异质性, 并与土壤因子密切相关。AMF和DSE的平均定殖率均表现为10月> 8月> 6月。土壤深度对AMF和DSE的定殖率有显著影响, AMF和DSE定殖率的最大值分别在0-20 cm和0-10 cm土层。双因子方差分析表明, 月份和土层对AMF和DSE的定殖率以及土壤因子具有显著的交互效应。主成分分析表明, 土壤湿度、pH值、碱性磷酸酶、易提取球囊霉素是内蒙古荒漠环境中AMF和DSE定殖的主要影响因子。     

Fungal root symbionts and their relationship with fine root proportion in native plants from the Bolivian Andean highlands above 3,700?m elevation

Here, we examined the colonization by fungal root symbionts in the cultivated Andean grain Chenopodium quinoa and in 12 species that dominate plant communities in the Bolivian Altiplano above 3,700 m elevation and explore for the possible relationships between fungal colonization and fine root proportion. The 12 most abundant species in the study area were consistently colonized by AMF and DSE. In contrast, the annual Andean grain C. quinoa showed negligible or absence of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots. On the other hand, C. quinoa, Junelia seriphioides and Chersodoma jodopappa were infected to a varying degree by the root pathogen Olpidium sp. We observed no relationship between AMF and DSE colonization and proportion of fine roots in the root system, but instead, the ratio between DSE and AMF colonization (ratio DSE/AMF) negatively related with proportion of fine roots. Our findings support the hypothesis regarding the importance of DSE at high altitudes and suggest a functional relationship between the rate of DSE/AMF and proportion of fine roots. The colonization by the root pathogen Olpidium sp. in C. quinoa deserves further study since this Andean grain is increasingly important for the local economy in these marginal areas.     

Medicinal plants as hosts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes

Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte associations of 31 medicinal plant species collected from the Garden of Medicinal Plants of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum in Kraków were investigated. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was found in 30 species; 23 were of the Arum-type, 5—Paris and 2 taxa revealed intermediate morphology. Many plants were strongly colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The mycelium of dark septate endophytes (DSE) was observed in 21 taxa. However, the percentage of root colonization by these fungi was low. Spores of 15 species of AMF (Glomeromycota) were found in the rhizosphere of the investigated plants. Our results are the first detailed report of both AMF and DSE associations of these plant species. The use of AMF and DSE during the process of medicinal plant cultivation for pharmaceutical purposes is discussed.     

Contrasting impacts of defoliation on root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophytic fungi of Medicago sativa

Individual plants typically interact with multiple mutualists and enemies simultaneously. Plant roots encounter both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi, while the leaves are exposed to herbivores. AMF are usually beneficial symbionts, while the functional role of DSE is largely unknown. Leaf herbivory may have a negative effect on root symbiotic fungi due to decreased carbon availability. However, evidence for this is ambiguous and no inoculation-based experiment on joint effects of herbivory on AM and DSE has been done to date. We investigated how artificial defoliation impacts root colonization by AM (Glomus intraradices) and DSE (Phialocephala fortinii) fungi and growth of Medicago sativa host in a factorial laboratory experiment. Defoliation affected fungi differentially, causing a decrease in arbuscular colonization and a slight increase in DSE-type colonization. However, the presence of one fungal species had no effect on colonization by the other or on plant growth. Defoliation reduced plant biomass, with this effect independent of the fungal treatments. Inoculation by either fungal species reduced root/shoot ratios, with this effect independent of the defoliation treatments. These results suggest AM colonization is limited by host carbon availability, while DSE may benefit from root dieback or exudation associated with defoliation. Reductions in root allocation associated with fungal inoculation combined with a lack of effect of fungi on plant biomass suggest DSE and AMF may be functional equivalent to the plant within this study. Combined, our results indicate different controls of colonization, but no apparent functional consequences between AM and DSE association in plant roots in this experimental setup.     

Forest fragment size and nutrient availability: complex responses of mycorrhizal fungi in native–exotic hosts

In the past few decades, it has been widely accepted that forest loss due to human actions alter the interactions between organisms. We studied the relationship between forest fragment size and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) colonization, and the AMF spore communities in the rhizosphere of two congeneric Euphorbia species (native and exotic/invasive). We hypothesized that these fungal variables will differ with fragment size and species status, and predicted that (a) AMF and DSE colonization together with AMF spore abundance and diversity would be positively related to forest fragment size; (b) these relationships will differ between the exotic and the native species; and (c) there will be a negative relationship between forest fragment size and the availability of soil nutrients (NH₄ ⁺, NO₃ ⁻, and phosphorus). This study was performed in the eight randomly selected forest fragments (0.86–1000 ha), immersed in an agricultural matrix from the Chaquean region in central Argentina. AMF root colonization in the native and exotic species was similar, and was positively related with forest fragment size. Likewise, AMF spore diversity and spore abundance were higher in the larger fragments. While DSE root colonization in the native host was positively related with forest fragment size, DSE colonization in the exotic host showed no relationship. Soil nutrients contents were negatively related with forest fragment size. In addition, NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ⁻ were negatively correlated with AMF spores abundance and root colonization and with DSE colonization in the native species. The results observed in this study show how habitat fragmentation might affect the interaction between key soil components, such as rhizospheric plant-fungal symbiosis and nutrient availability. These environmental changes may have important consequences on plant community composition and nutrient dynamics in this fragmented landscape.     

AMF和DSE组合菌剂促生防线虫病效应

本试验旨在探究丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）和暗隔内生真菌（DSE）组合菌剂对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita发育、侵染、黄瓜根结线虫病以及黄瓜生长发育的影响,为进一步探索AMF和DSE协同发挥生理生态效应的作用机制奠定基础。试验对“津优35号”黄瓜接种南方根结线虫、Phoma leveillei（DSE）、Funneliformis mosseae（AMF）、Glomus versiforme（AMF）、Acaulospora laevis（AMF）和/或Scutellospora aurigloba（AMF）。结果表明,供试AMF与DSE 能促进黄瓜生长、提高产量和增强抗病性。AMF+DSE组合处理的菌根和DSE的定殖数量、株高、茎粗、地上部和根系干重、单株产量等显著优于单接种AMF或单接种DSE处理。以F. mosseae + P. leveillei组合抑制南方根结线虫的发育、降低线虫繁殖数量、根内定殖数量、发病率和根结指数的效果最好。     

Fungal root endophyte associations of plants endemic to the Pamir Alay Mountains of Central Asia

The fungal root endophyte associations of 16 species from 12 families of plants endemic to the Pamir Alay Mountains of Central Asia are presented. The plants and soil samples were collected in Zeravshan and Hissar ranges within the central Pamir Alay mountain system. Colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was found in 15 plant species; in 8 species it was of the Arum type and in 4 of the Paris type, while 3 taxa revealed intermediate arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) morphology. AMF colonization was found to be absent only in Matthiola integrifolia, the representative of the Brassicaceae family. The AM status and morphology are reported for the first time for all the species analyzed and for the genera Asyneuma, Clementsia, and Eremostachys. Mycelia of dark septate endophytes (DSE) accompanied the AMF colonization in ten plant species. The frequency of DSE occurrence in the roots was low in all the plants, with the exception of Spiraea baldschuanica. However, in the case of both low and higher occurrence, the percentage of DSE root colonization was low. Moreover, the sporangia of Olpidium spp. were sporadically found inside the root epidermal cells of three plant species. Seven AMF species (Glomeromycota) found in the trap cultures established with soils surrounding roots of the plants being studied were reported for the first time from this region of Asia. Our results provide information that might well be of use to the conservation and restoration programmes of these valuable plant species. The potential application of beneficial root-inhabiting fungi in active plant protection projects of rare, endemic and endangered plants is discussed.     

Occurrence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas and Dark Septate Endophytes in Hydrophytes from Lakes and Streams in Southwest China

In this study, the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) in 140 specimens of 32 hydrophytes collected from four lakes and four streams in southwest China were investigated. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and DSE colonization in these hydrophytes were rare. Typical AM structures were observed in one of the 25 hydrophytic species collected in lakes and six of the 17 species collected in streams. Spores of 10 identified AMF species and an unidentified Acaulospora sp. were isolated from the sediments. The identified AMF came from the four genera, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus and Scutellospora . Glomus and G. mosseae were the dominant genus and species respectively in these aquatic environments. The presence of DSE in hydrophytes was recorded for the first time. DSE occurred in one of the 25 hydrophyte species collected in lakes and three of the 17 species collected in streams. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in marshy and shoreline vegetation of Deepar Beel Ramsar Site of Assam,India

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) symbiosis was thought to be rare in wetland plant roots, although several recent studies suggested that this association might be important in wetland ecosystems. In this research work we have studied the distribution of AMF in the marshy and shoreline vegetation of Deepar Beel Ramsar site of Assam, India. The study reveals the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of different plant species which were observed from 20.89 to 86.47% and particularly found larger among the members of the family Poaceae. The Vetiveria zizanioides L. from the family Cyperaceae showed the highest (86.47%) percentage of root colonization, however, only one plant species viz. Scirpus lateriflorus Gmel. from the same family was found to be nonmycorrhizal. The rhizospheric soil samples of most of the plant species were found to be dominated by Glomus morphotypes. All total 18 AMF morphotypes were recorded which comprises four genera viz. Glomus (66.67%), Acaulospora (16.66%), Gigaspora (11.11%) and Scutellospora (5.56%). The observation of diversity of AMF in 25 different plant species among the wetland plants gives a glimpse of AMF diversity and their host selectivity in the said ecosystem.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the tree seedlings of two Australian rain forests: occurrence, colonization, and relationships with plant performance

The roots of rain forest plants are frequently colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can promote plant growth in the nutrient poor soils characteristic of these forests. However, recent studies suggest that both the occurrence of AMF on rain forest plants and the dependence of rain forest plants on AMF can be highly variable. We examined the occurrence and levels of AMF colonization of some common seedling species in a tropical and a subtropical rain forest site in Queensland, Australia. We also used a long-term database to compare the growth and mortality rates of seedling species that rarely formed AMF with those that regularly formed AMF. In both forests, more than one-third of the seedling species rarely formed AMF associations, while 40% of species consistently formed AMF in the tropical site compared to 27% in the subtropical site. Consistent patterns of AMF occurrence were observed among plant families at the two sites. Variation among seedling species in AMF occurrence or colonization was not associated with differences in seed mass among species, variation in seedling size and putative age within a species, or lack of AMF inoculum in the soil. Comparisons of four seedling species growing both in the shaded understory and in small canopy gaps revealed an increase in AMF colonization in two of the four species in gaps, suggesting that light limitation partially explains the low occurrence of AMF. Seedling survival was significantly positively associated with seed biomass but not with AMF colonization. Furthermore, seedling species that regularly formed AMF and those that did not had similar rates of growth and survival, suggesting that mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal strategies were equivalent in these forests. Furthermore, the high numbers of seedlings that lacked AMF and the overall low rate of seedling growth (the average seedling required 6 years to double its height) suggest that most seedlings did not receive significant indirect benefits from AMF through connection to canopy trees via a common mycorrhizal network.     

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on whole‐plant respiration and thermal acclimation of tropical tree seedlings

Symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in tropical forests. AMF play a role in the forest carbon cycle because they can increase nutrient acquisition and biomass of host plants, but also incur a carbon cost to the plant. Through their interactions with their host plants they have the potential to affect how plants respond to environmental perturbation such as global warming. Our objective was to experimentally determine how plant respiration rates and responses to warmer environment are affected by AMF colonization in seedlings of five tropical tree species at the whole plant level. We evaluated the interaction between AMF colonization and temperature on plant respiration against four possible outcomes; acclimation does or does not occur regardless of AMF, or AMF can increase or decrease respiratory acclimation. Seedlings were inoculated with AMF spores or sterilized inoculum and grown at ambient or elevated nighttime temperature. We measured whole plant and belowground respiration rates, as well as plant growth and biomass allocation. There was an overall increase in whole plant, root, and shoot respiration rate with AMF colonization, whereas temperature acclimation varied among species, showing support for three of the four possible responses. The influence of AMF colonization on growth and allocation also varied among plant species. This study shows that the effect of AMF colonization on acclimation differs among plant species. Given the cosmopolitan nature of AMF and the importance of plant acclimation for predicting climate feedbacks a better understanding of the patterns and mechanisms of acclimation is essential for improving predictions of how climate warming may influence vegetation feedbacks.     

Scale-dependent niche axes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are mutualistic with most species of plants and are known to influence plant community diversity and composition. To better understand natural plant communities and the ecological processes they control it is important to understand what determines the distribution and diversity of AMF. We tested three putative niche axes: plant species composition, disturbance history, and soil chemistry against AMF species composition to determine which axis correlated most strongly with a changing AMF community. Due to a scale dependency we were not able to absolutely rank their importance, but we did find that each correlated significantly with AMF community change at our site. Among soil properties, pH and NO₃ were found to be especially good predictors of AMF community change. In a similar analysis of the plant community we found that time since disturbance had by far the largest impact on community composition. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Preliminary assessment of plant community structure and arbuscular mycorrhizas in rangeland habitats of Cholistan desert, Pakistan

Plant species dominance and arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) were evaluated in four different habitats of Cholistan desert, Pakistan. The sites were selected on the basis of variations in topography, floristic composition and biotic interference. The phytosociological data revealed obvious differences in the floristic composition, plant species diversity, AM colonization and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore densities in the rhizospheres. The vegetation pattern and composition was governed by topography and edaphic characteristics of a particular site. Grasses were dominant and main components of vegetation at all the study sites and were invariably mycorrhizal. Some plant species were mycorrhizal at one site but non-mycorrhizal at the other. The AMF survey reported here offers an important starting point from which to analyse AMF community structure in different phytosociological habitats and land uses of Cholistan desert.     

Effect of two AMF life strategies on the tripartite symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and soybean

This study is the first in assessing the effect of soil disturbance on the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with different life-history strategies to the tripartite symbiosis with soybeans and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Jordan. We hypothesized that Gigaspora margarita Becker and Hall would be more affected by soil disturbance than Glomus clarum Nicol. and Schenck, and consequently, the tripartite symbiosis would develop more rapidly and lead to greater N₂ fixation in the presence of the latter. Soil pasteurization allowed the establishment of treatments with individual AMF species and soil disturbance enabled the development of contrasting root colonization potentials. In contrast, the colonization potential of B. japonicum was kept the same in all treatments. Soil disturbance significantly reduced root colonization by both AMF, with Gi. margarita being considerably more affected than G. clarum. Furthermore, the tripartite symbiosis progressed faster with G. clarum, and at 10 days after plant emergence, there was 30% more nodules when G. clarum was present compared to that when the bacterial symbiont alone was present. At flowering, the absence of soil disturbance stimulated N₂ fixation by 17% in mycorrhizal plants. However, this response was similar for both AMF.     

The co-existence between DSE and AMF symbionts affects plant P pools through P mineralization and solubilization processes

The capacity of dark septate endophytes (DSE; Phialocephala turiciensis, Acephala applanata, P. glacialis and Phaeomollisia piceae) to solubilize inorganic phosphate (P) and to mineralize the organic form was studied. We analysed the effect of DSE strains on P uptake by Trifolium repens in the presence or absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Phosphatases were observed both in the absence of the host plant and the organic resource, showing that the P mineralization process is not induced by the enzyme substrate or the host. DSE were more efficient at mineralizing organic P. Independently of the presence of AMF, DSE increased the pool of P in the soil, with significant differences being found in P levels among the different DSE. In contrast, plant P uptake was increased by AMF. The P content of plants increased with the co-inoculation of AMF and P. turiciensis or P. piceae. We hypothesize a close relationship between DSE and AMF in relation to P availability and uptake in plants. Whereas DSE increase the pool of P in the rhizosphere, AMF are responsible for P transfer to the host, with co-colonization of plants by DSE and AMF showing a synergistic outcome.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizas and dark septate endophytes in bromeliads from South American arid environment

Most plant roots are associated with glomalean fungi forming arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) and a wide range are also colonized by ascomycetous dark septate endophytes (DSE). Bromeliaceae species can be epiphytic, rupicolous or terrestrial but their mycorrhizal status is poorly studied. We examined the AM and DSE status of 5 epiphytic and 4 terrestrial Bromeliaceae from an arid area of Central Argentina. The terrestrial species were either dually associated (AM and DSE) or non-associated whereas the epiphytes were only DSE colonized. Terrestrial Bromeliaceae that formed AM-DSE associations were likely responding to the arid conditions of the area and the availability of AM fungal (AMF) spores in the soil. The terrestrialBromelia ubaniana was not colonized either by AMF or DSE. This could reflect its root morphology and high number of root hairs. DSE are endosymbiotic in the stressful ecosystems experienced by canopy epiphytes in the studied environment. The different fungal associations are discussed in relation to the three Bromeliaceae subfamiles and we suggest that environmental features determinethe type of association formed by species in this plant family.     

Red list plants: colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes

Since information concerning the mycorrhization of endangered plants is of major importance for their potential re-establishment, we determined the mycorrhizal status of Serratula tinctoria (Asteraceae), Betonica officinalis (Lamiaceae), Drosera intermedia (Droseraceae) and Lycopodiella inundata (Lycopodiaceae), occurring at one of two wetland sites (fen meadow and peat bog), which differed in soil pH and available P levels. Root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) was quantified. Colonization by AMF appeared to be more frequent in the fen meadow than in the peat bog, and depended on the host plant. Roots of S. tinctoria and B. officinalis were well colonized by AMF in the fen meadow (35–55% root length) and both arbuscules and vesicles were observed to occur in spring as well as in autumn. In the peat bog, L. inundata showed a low level of root colonization in spring, when vesicles were found frequently but no arbuscules. In roots of D. intermedia from the peat bog, arbuscules and vesicles were observed, but AMF colonization was lower than in L. inundata. In contrast, the amount of AMF spores extracted from soil at the peat bog site was higher than from the fen meadow soil. Spore numbers did not differ between spring and autumn in the fen meadow, but they were higher in spring than in autumn in the peat bog. Acaulospora laevis or A. colossica and Glomus etunicatum were identified amongst the AMF spores extracted from soil at the two sites. S. tinctoria and B. officinalis roots were also regularly colonized by DSE (18–40% root length), while L. inundata was only rarely colonized and D. intermedia did not seem to be colonized by DSE at all.     

西北旱区甘草深色有隔内生真菌物种多样性及空间分布

为探明西北旱区甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis根系深色有隔内生真菌（dark septate endophytes,DSE）生态分布和定殖状况,于2018年7月分别从甘肃安西、民勤和宁夏沙坡头地区采集甘草不同灌丛范围0-10cm和20-30cm土壤和根系样品,系统研究不同样地甘草灌丛内外DSE生态分布及其与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明,不同样地甘草均能被DSE高度侵染,形成典型深色有隔菌丝和微菌核结构。不同样地DSE定殖率差异显著,安西DSE总定殖率（43.34%）显著低于民勤（90%）和沙坡头（88.34%）样地。相关性分析表明,DSE定殖率主要与土壤速效磷、有机碳和碱性磷酸酶显著相关。共分离鉴定11属13种DSE,即Acrocalymma vagum、Alternaria longissima、Alternaria chlamydospora、Alternaria chlamydosporigena、Paraphoma chrysanthemicola、Darksidea alpha、Niesslia aemula、Tricharina ochroleuca、Acremonium nepalense、Fusarium solani、Preussia sp.、Leptosphaeria oraemaris和Ulocladium sp.。其中Acrocalymma vagum是甘草根系DSE优势菌种,为民勤和沙坡头共有种,而安西样地DSE物种多样性最高,共7种。主成分分析表明,安西DSE物种组成在0-10cm和20-30cm不同灌丛范围存在显著差异;单因素方差分析显示,安西和沙坡头DSE菌丝定殖率在距主干0-10cm显著高于20-30cm,说明荒漠环境灌丛覆盖对DSE真菌群落存在显著影响。方差分解结果表明,DSE定殖受样地空间分布、灌丛覆盖和土壤因子共同影响（74.91%）,而DSE种类组成更多依赖于样地异质性（84.46%）和土壤养分（87.82%）的作用。研究不同荒漠环境DSE定殖和群落组成差异,有助于充分理解DSE在旱区植物生长和植被恢复中的功能和意义。