以聚乙二醇为层析伴侣同时制备SOD、过氧化氢酶和血红蛋白

发展了一条从红细胞裂解液中同时制备超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶和血红蛋白的新工艺。采用0 75 %的聚乙二醇600作为层析伴侣,使血红蛋白直接流过阴离子交换层析柱,同时吸附SOD和过氧化氢酶。经过梯度洗脱获得SOD和过氧化氢酶组分,再经过疏水性相互作用层析与凝胶过滤层析相串联,使SOD和过氧化氢酶得到纯化。纯化后的SOD和过氧化氢酶的比活力分别达到15932u/mg和65918u/mg ,血红蛋白的纯度达到99.9%以上。总回收率为:SOD ,47.4% ;过氧化氢酶,29.6% ;血红蛋白,88.7%。     

β-环糊精葡基转移酶的纯化方法及酶学性质的研究

β-环糊精葡基转移酶的粗酶液应用酚酞分光光度法测得该酶的环化活性为11.79U/mL。该粗酶液先经过淀粉-酒精沉淀或淀粉-硫酸铵沉淀初步纯化,然后经Sephacryl S-100凝胶层析后,比活力分别提高了16、21、50倍,由原来的11.44U/mg蛋白质增加到572.67U/mg蛋白质,回收率分别为72.4%、66.4%、40.9%,经SDS-PAGE电泳显示为单一的蛋白带,酶的分子量约为70kDa。酶学性质研究表明该酶的最适pH和最适温度分别为6.0和60℃,在pH6.0~10.0范围内,55℃以下保温30min基本保持稳定。纯化后的β-环糊精葡基转移酶的环化活性每克相当于35727U。     

从蚯蚓中联合提取抗氧化酶SOD、CAT的方法研究

本研究采用闪式提取技术,固液比为1:4(m/V)的2.5 mmol/L pH 7.0磷酸缓冲液,提取转速5500 rpm,提取时间2 min,从蚯蚓体内提取出SOD、CAT,并通过羧甲基纤维素CM-22离子交换层析实现SOD和CAT的联合提取分离,SOD、CAT的活性回收率分别达到88.23%和69.5%。在纯化工艺中经过丙酮沉淀和柱层析技术得到蚯蚓SOD纯品,比活达到9352 U/mg,产物在SDS-PAGE上为单一条带,其亚基分子量约为17 kD;通过柱层析纯化了蚯蚓CAT,比活达到22606 U/mg。     

一种新的B链C端去四肽胰岛素的研制方法

报道了将单体胰岛素前体(MIP)经胰蛋白酶和羧肽酶B两步连续酶切获得B链C端去四肽胰岛素(DTI)的方法。MIP由甲醇酵母表达,最高发酵表达量达到150mg/L。发酵液中MIP通过疏水层析,分子筛初步纯化后直接进行酶切,在胰蛋白酶酶切3h后加入抑制剂paminobenzamidine处理15min,然后直接加入羧肽酶B酶切6h,再通过反相柱纯化即可得到纯品DTI,从分子筛到最后DTI,总纯化得率达到77%。按中国药典小白鼠惊厥法测定得DTI的生物活力为22IU/mg,是胰岛素的80%,在Superdex G-75分子筛上测定DTI的解离聚合曲线,证明其是单体。     

链霉菌Strz-6木聚糖酶的纯化和固定化研究

链霉菌胞外木聚糖酶经过盐析、离子交换和分子筛层析纯化,粗酶液被纯化了32.5倍,比活力达498u/mg,活力回收46.6%。纯化后的酶固定在戊二醛交联的壳聚糖上,酶活回收率为42.8%。固定化酶的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为60℃,且固定化酶在65~75℃活力都较高。该酶的耐热性比较强,固定化酶热稳定性优于原酶;以木聚糖为底物,固定化酶的表观米氏常数为0.93×10-2g/L。     

青稞中β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的纯化及其抗血清的制备

萌发的青稞种子经醋酸钠缓冲液抽提,50％～85％硫酸铵分级沉淀,DEAE—Cellulose52、CM—SepharoseFastFlow离子交换层析和SephadexG-75分子筛层析,得到具活性的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶。SDS—PAGE检测显示分子量27kDa左右的主带（95％）。将纯化的β-1,3．葡聚糖酶对新西兰兔进行免疫制备抗血清,双向免疫扩散测定效价为1：64。免疫印迹分析表明纯化的β—1,3-葡聚糖酶免疫杂交带亦在27kDa处。     

绵毛嗜热丝孢菌木聚糖酶的纯化与性质

研究了绵毛嗜热丝孢菌Thermomyces lanuginosus W205胞外木聚糖酶的纯化与性质。粗酶液经硫酸铵沉淀和Q-Sepharose FF离子交换层析即可得到电泳纯木聚糖酶,回收率为46.6%,比酶活为1396.9U/mg。该酶的最适pH和最适温度分别为pH7.0和75℃,pH稳定范围为5.5-10.8,70℃处理30min残存酶活在70%以上。薄层层析结果显示该酶水解桦木木聚糖的主要产物是木二糖和木三糖,并且能够通过转糖苷作用将木三糖转化为木二糖。该木聚糖酶易于纯化并且具有较宽的pH稳定性及良好的热稳定性,具有较大的潜在工业应用价值。     

刺芹侧耳芳基醇氧化酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质

分离纯化刺芹侧耳Pleurotus eryngii芳基醇氧化酶,并探究其酶学性质。通过硫酸铵盐沉、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow弱阴离子交换层析、Sephacryl S-200 High Resolution凝胶过滤层析和Source 15Q强阴离子交换层析,得到纯化的单一酶。经肽指纹图谱鉴定,确定其为芳基醇氧化酶,酶活回收率25.5%,纯化倍数38.2。结合SDS-PAGE和IEF-PAGE分析,确定其分子量和等电点分别为70kDa和4.2。以藜芦醇为底物,该酶最适反应pH为6.0,最适反应温度为70℃,金属离子Zn²⁺、Fe²⁺和Cu²⁺对芳基醇氧化酶的活性抑制作用明显,K_m和V_max分别为0.921mmol/L和80U/mg。     

木霉β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的分离纯化

目的:对木霉菌株LE02所产β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的分离纯化方法进行研究。方法:粗酶液分别用硫酸铵、乙醇和丙酮进行沉淀,再用DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换层析进一步分离纯化,并用SDS-PAGE法测其分子量。结果:硫酸铵分段盐析法沉淀酶蛋白的效果优于乙醇和丙酮沉淀;盐析得到的酶蛋白经透析浓缩后,再经DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B层析分离,可得到单一酶蛋白,总酶活回收率达78.71%,比酶活达到689.9U/mg,提高了53.74倍,经SDS-PAGE法测得该β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的分子量为80.137kDa。结论:采用硫酸铵分段盐析和离子交换层析法可获得电泳纯的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶,且酶活回收率高。     

蚯蚓葡萄糖氧化酶的提取纯化研究

本研究采用闪式提取技术提取蚯蚓葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)。利用正交设计优化实验条件,得到最优条件为:固液比1∶4.5(g/m L),闪提时间45 s,超声时间30 min。通过酸沉淀,羧甲基纤维素CM-22离子交换层析和DEAE离子交换层析实现了GOD的纯化,回收率达到了60.8%,比活达到了2684.2 m U/mg,纯化倍数达到37.2倍。     

Rapid purification of adenylate kinase from human erythrocytes and skeletal muscle

Adenylate kinase from human erythrocytes and skeletal muscle can be purified to homogeneity by a new procedure based on DEAE-Sepharose and Blue Sepharose affinity chromatography and Sephadex G-75 fractionation. For the enzyme purified from erythrocytes the specific activity is 3000 U/mg of protein, and the overall yield is 70%. For the enzyme purified from skeletal muscle the specific activity is 2075 U/mg of protein, and the overall yield is 44%. The sequence of steps takes advantage of the high isoelectric point, the high affinity for Blue Sepharose, and the low molecular weight of the isoenzyme from these two human tissues.     

酿酒酵母3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶的诱导、提纯和性质

在YEPD培养基中添加NaCl,可以诱导酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)细胞内3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶的形成,当NaCl浓度达5％时,酶比活从0.05U/mg提高0.5U/mg;若再限制培养墓中葡萄糖浓度在100mg/L以下,酶比活可达到0.89U/mg。酶比活与培养基中的NaCl浓度的函数关系式为:Sa=0.129C~3-0.038C~2+0.034C+0.063(0≤C≤5％)。粗酶液经Sephadex G-25凝胶过滤,Blue Sepharose亲和层析以及Mono Q离子交换等步骤,提纯123.6倍,得纯酶液。经SDS-凝胶电泳测得分子量为45000±2000。酶的最适温度为51℃,最适pH值为6.8。保温30分钟的半失活温度(t_(1/2))为41℃。NADH和DHAP的Km(mmol/L)值分别为:0.017和0.134。     

PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ALKALINE CELLULASE PRODUCED BY Bacillus subtilis (AS3)

An extracellular alkaline carboxymethycellulase (CMCase) from Bacillus subtilis was purified by salt precipitation followed by anion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sepharose. The cell-free supernatant containing crude enzyme had a CMCase activity of 0.34 U/mg. The purified enzyme gave a specific activity of 3.33 U/mg, with 10-fold purification and an overall activity yield of 5.6%. The purified enzyme displayed a protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with an apparent molecular size of 30 kDa, which was also confirmed by zymogram analysis. The enzyme displayed multisubstrate specificity, showing significantly higher activity with lichenan and β-glucan as compared to carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), laminarin, hydroxyethylcellulose, and steam-exploded bagasse, and negligible activity with crystalline substrate such as Avicel and filter paper. It was optimally active at pH 9.2 and temperature 45°C. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 6–10 and retained 70% activity at pH 12. Thermal stability analysis revealed that the enzyme was stable in temperature range of 20°C to 45°C and retained more than 50% activity at 60°C for 30 min. The enzyme had a Km of 0.13 mg/ml and Vmax of 3.38 U/mg using CMC as substrate.     

Purification and properties of glycogen synthase I from bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes

Glycogen synthase I was purified from bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) by a procedure involving concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The purified glycogen-bound glycogen synthase I had a specific activity of 9.83 U/mg protein and the glycogen free enzyme 21 U/mg protein. Molecular ratio of the native enzyme and the subunit were 340 K and 85 K respectively. After phosphorylation by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase the phosphorylated sites were studied using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the tryptic 32P-peptides. The enzyme was phosphorylated at three different sites with retention times identical to site 1a, site 1b, and site 2 from rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase.     

Production, purification, and characterization of a highly glucose-tolerant novel beta-glucosidase from Candida peltata.

Candida peltata (NRRL Y-6888) produced beta-glucosidase when grown in liquid culture on various substrates (glucose, xylose, L-arabinose, cellobiose, sucrose, and maltose). An extracellular beta-glucosidase was purified 1,800-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of the yeast grown on glucose by salting out with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE Bio-Gel A agarose, Bio-Gel A-0.5m gel filtration, and cellobiose-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. It was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 50 degrees C and had a specific activity of 108 mumol.min-1.mg of protein-1 against p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside (pNP beta G). The purified beta-glucosidase readily hydrolyzed pNP beta G, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and cellohexaose, with Km values of 2.3, 66, 39, 35, 21, and 18 mM, respectively. The enzyme was highly tolerant to glucose inhibition, with a Ki of 1.4 M (252 mg/ml). Substrate inhibition was not observed with 40 mM pNP beta G or 15% cellobiose. The enzyme did not require divalent cations for activity, and its activity was not affected by p-chloromercuribenzoate (0.2 mM), EDTA (10 mM), or dithiothreitol (10 mM). Ethanol at an optimal concentration (0.75%, vol/vol) stimulated the initial enzyme activity by only 11%. Cellobiose (10%, wt/vol) was almost completely hydrolyzed to glucose by the purified beta-glucosidase (1.5 U/ml) in both the absence and presence of glucose (6%). Glucose production was enhanced by 8.3% when microcrystalline cellulose (2%, wt/vol) was treated for 24 h with a commercial cellulase preparation (cellulase, 5 U/ml; beta-glucosidase, 0.45 U/ml) that was supplemented with purified beta-glucosidase (0.4 U/ml).     

Effect of CaCl2 as activity stabilizer on purification of heparinase I from Flavobacterium heparinum

Heparinase I has been purified from F. heparinum by a novel scheme with 10mM CaCl(2) added in crude extracts of cells. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity through ammonium sulfate precipitation, Octyl-Sepharose chromatography, CM-52 chromatography, SP-650 chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 90.33 U/mg protein with a purification fold of 185.1. The yield was 17.8%, which is higher than any previous scheme achieved. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 43 kDa with a pI of 8.5. It has an activity maximum at pH range of 6.4-7.0 and 41 degrees C. CaCl(2) is a good stabilizer of the purified enzyme in liquid form toward either storaging at 4 degrees C or freezing-thawing.     

Purification and some properties of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase

Lipase (triacylglycerol lipase, EC 3.1.1.3) has been purified from Pseudomonas fluorescens wild strain by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and octyl-Sepharose CL-4B. The yield was 21% and the specific activity of the purified enzyme 4780 U/mg protein. It showed a Mr of about 45 x 10(4) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme is active over a wide pH range and at 50-55 degrees C.     

Subcellular localization and properties of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in the liver of rats with alloxan diabetes.

Key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle (isocitrate lyase and malate synthetase) were found in the liver and kidney of rats suffering from alloxan diabetes. The activities of these enzymes in the liver were 0.080 and 0.0430 U/mg protein, respectively. Isocitrate lyase activity in the kidney was 0.030 U/mg protein, and that of the malate synthetase was 0.018 U/mg protein. Peroxisomal localization of the enzymes was shown. A novel malate dehydrogenase isoform was found in a liver of rats suffering from the alloxan diabetes. The isocitrate lyase was isolated by selective (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and DEAE-Toyopearl chromatography. The resulting enzyme preparation had specific activity 6.1 U/mg protein, corresponding to 76.25-fold purification with 32.6% yield. The isocitrate lyase was found to follow the Michaelis--Menten kinetic scheme (Km for isocitrate, 0.08 mM) and to be competitively inhibited by glucose 1-phosphate (Ki = 1. 25 mM), succinate (Ki = 1.75 mM), and citrate (Ki = 1.0 mM); the pH optimum of the enzyme was 7.5 in Tris-HCl buffer.     

Milligram to gram scale purification and characterization of dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F

A sequence of dextranase treatment, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, affinity chromatography on Sephadex G-200, and chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl M has been optimized to give a dextransucrase preparation with low carbohydrate content (1-100 micrograms/mg protein) and high specific activity (90-170 U/mg protein) relative to previous procedures, in 30-50% yield. Levansucrase was absent after DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and dextranase was undetectable after Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The method could be scaled up to produce gram quantities of purified enzyme. The purified dextransucrase had a pH optimum of 5.0-5.5, a Km of 12-16 mM, and produced the same lightly branched dextran as before purification. The purified enzyme was not activated by added dextran, but the rate of dextran synthesis increased abruptly during dextran synthesis at a dextran concentration of approximately 0.1 mg/mL. The enzyme had two major forms, of molecular weight 177,000 and 158,000. The 177,000 form predominated in fresh preparations of culture supernatant or purified enzyme, whereas the amount of the 158,000 form increased at the expense of the 177,000 form during storage of either preparation.     

弗氏柠檬酸菌dhaT基因的克隆表达、序列分析、酶的纯化及特性研究

1,3-丙二醇（1,3-propanediol,1,3-PD）是一种重要的化工原料,越来越受到广泛的关注。以弗氏柠檬酸菌(Citrobacter freundii)基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR得到1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶(1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase,PDOR) 的基因dhaT,序列显示与来源于C.freundii DSM 30040 (Genbank U09771)相应基因的相似性为78%。将此基因构建于表达载体pSE380,得到重组质粒pSE-dhaT。重组质粒转化到宿主菌E.coli JM109中进行了表达,重组酶通过镍柱及Sephacral S-300进行纯化,重组酶SDS-PAGE结果显示有非常明显的单一的42kDa特异性蛋白条带出现。以丙醛为底物测定重组酶还原反应的最适温度为37℃、最适pH为8.0,对丙醛的Km值为10.05mmol/L,最大反应速度Vmax为37.27umol/ min /mg;以1,3-PD为底物测定重组酶氧化反应的最适温度为25℃、最适pH为10.5,对1,3-PD的Km值为1.28mmol/L,最大反应速度Vmax为25.55umol/min/mg。重组酶的还原反应比活为49.50U/mg,氧化反应比活为79.72U/mg。该酶同样具有假定的结合Fe2+的G-X-X-H-X-X-A-H-X-X-G-X-X-X-X-X-P-H-G模体保守结构。此研究为工程菌高效生产1,3-PD奠定了基础。