耐受高浓度糖蜜酒精废液的细菌群落的多样性分析

广西的甘蔗糖蜜酒精发酵废液的COD高达100 000 mg/L,同时含有15 000 mg/L的硫酸根离子,属于高盐高浓度有机废水,严重抑制微生物的沼气化过程。为了获得耐受高COD和高硫酸盐的细菌群落的多样性数据,对特异性耐受高浓度糖蜜酒精废液的细菌群落进行分析。提取高浓度糖蜜酒精废液沼气池中淤泥样品的总DNA,应用IIIumina MiSeq高通量测序技术测定各样品中的细菌16S rDNA V3-V4变异区序列,并进行测序数据处理、OTUs聚类及物种注释,分析样品中细菌的复杂度和多样品间细菌组成差异。结果显示:沼气池各样品的优势菌群均是厚壁菌门(Firmicute)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。在废水消化旺盛区域的微生物种群含有泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota)和热脱硫杆菌门(Thermodesulfobacteria)等与硫酸根降解转化相关的菌株。本研究表明,特异性硫酸根转化菌株的富集揭示了这个细菌群落耐受高硫酸根废液的原因。高通量测序技术为高盐高浓度难降解有机废水沼气池淤泥细菌群落多样性的研究提供了科学有效的数据资源。     

一株糖蜜酒精废水净化菌Lysinibacilus sp.S6的筛选与鉴定

高效的微生物菌种在废水生化处理中是保证高处理效率的关键。从处理糖蜜酒精废水的活性污泥中,经驯化、分离纯化,筛选到一株能在以糖蜜酒精废水为唯一碳源进行生长的微生物菌株,生理生化和16S r DNA基因序列分析初步鉴定为赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属,命名为Lysinibacilus sp.S6。该菌株在糖蜜酒精废水COD浓度为105 851.15 mg/L,温度为37℃左右,不添加任何微量元素的情况下,COD去除效果较为理想,48 h可达64.22%。此外,该菌还具有一定的脱氮除磷作用。Lysinibacilus sp.S6在糖蜜酒精废水的微生物处理中有很好的应用前景。     

脱氮功能菌去除市政废水中氮素的研究

为了探讨实验室筛选获得的氨氧化细菌CM-NRO14和反硝化细菌CM-NRD3联合去除市政废水中氮素的应用价值,采用了两级A/O工艺进行菌株去除废水中氮素的小试实验,最后将菌株用于废水脱氮工程中。结果表明,脱氮功能菌实现了短程硝化-反硝化,氨氮去除率在98%以上,总氮去除率在75%以上, COD (化学需氧量)去除率大于90%,出水各项指标均低于城镇污水处理厂污染物排放一级(A)标准。脱氮功能菌在去除市政废水中氮素方面有很高的应用价值,可用于城镇污水处理厂提标改造等。     

最新专利文摘

CN102173532A利用生物技术去除糖蜜酒精废液色素的方法本发明公开了一种利用生物技术去除糖蜜酒精废液色素的方法,其特征在于:以糖蜜酒精废液和纤维素为培育基,培育出糖蜜酒精废液菌种Bp-4,其特别能生长在糖蜜酒精废液中,直接用于糖蜜酒精废液处理,在6～8 h的时间内能将糖蜜酒精废液中的色素转化为无色,并采用2次脱色和4次过滤固液分离的处     

中度嗜盐菌群对酸性大红GR的脱色性能研究

【目的】获得能够在高盐环境下脱色偶氮染料的高效脱色菌群,应用于印染废水的生物处理。【方法】采用在5%盐度培养基富集的方法,从印染废水的活性污泥中富集能够在5%盐度下脱色酸性大红GR的嗜盐混合菌群,利用高通量测序方法研究其群落结构,利用静置培养的方法研究其脱色性能。【结果】该菌群可以在5%盐度、静置培养下15 h内将100 mg/L的酸性大红GR几乎完全脱色,主要由Halomonas、Salinicoccus、Nitratireductor和Aequorivita等4个属组成,Halomonas是主要的脱色菌。高浓度的Na NO_3、Na_2SO_4和Na Cl抑制菌群的脱色,其中Na NO_3抑制作用最强。该菌群的最佳脱色条件是在p H 7.0、盐度5%、30°C脱色效果最好,可脱色直接耐黑G和分散深蓝S-3BG等偶氮染料,并且具有连续脱色的能力。【结论】嗜盐菌群在处理偶氮染料废水中具有良好的应用价值。     

小试厌氧混合处理糖蜜酒精废液及不同阶段活性污泥中可培养微生物的群落结构分析

高活性且平衡的微生物群落结构是厌氧生化处理成功的关键。本研究将糖蜜酒精废水与猪粪水以COD比为3:2混合后,利用有工作积为20 L的IC厌氧反应器在自然温度(20~38℃)下进行厌氧发酵。在不添加任何营养元素以及缓冲物的条件下,最适进水负荷为3 200 mg/L,HRT为24 h,COD去除率最高约为80%,单日最高沼气产量为20.15 L。沼气产量与COD去除率呈正相关性。采用传统的分离培养法对发酵不同时期(启动期Q1,稳定期Q2,超负荷期Q3,调整期W1)的活性污泥中可培养菌进行分离纯化。通过比较发现4个阶段中好氧菌占主导地位的菌群分别为Pseudomonas(假单胞菌属)和Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属)(Q1)、Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属)(Q2)、Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属)和Advenella(产碱菌科)(Q3)、Rhodococcus(红球菌属)(W1);而厌氧菌中占主导地位的为Clostridium(梭菌属),不同阶段的污泥中微生物群落在属水平上的种类与数量均有差异。     

浓缩糖蜜酒精废水发酵生产白地霉

探讨了利用糖厂的浓缩酒精废水,进行白地霉摇瓶培养的一些试验条件,即浓缩废水先稀释10倍,添加0.15%麸皮发酵进行到5h时补充0.1%硫酸铵,0.05%磷酸,初始pH值调整为4.5-5.0,接种量为10%,温度28-30℃,得到了0.4-0.45%干物质发酵产率。     

糖蜜酒精废液厌氧生物降解性能的BMP分析

在中温条件下,对pH值和营养比例两个影响因素进行了糖蜜酒精废液的BMP分析,探讨酒精废液在厌氧消化过程中产甲烷量、COD浓度的变化情况,以及COD去除率与产气量、pH值之间的关系。研究结果表明,厌氧处理法能够使糖蜜酒精废液的有机负荷大大降低,CODcr去除率最高可达90．6％;在调节营养比例的条件下,pH=8．5时甲烷菌活性最佳,其中COD．P=300：1的产甲烷量最高。     

白腐真菌处理灰法造纸黑液废水的研究

研究了不同白腐真菌菌株对灰法造黑液废水的处理,考察了黑液废水浓度和碳氮源添加量对黑液脱色及COD去除率的影响。研究表明,变色栓菌（Trametes verscolor)对黑液废水的处理效果最好,其COD去除率为64．25％,脱色率为47．31％,用自选的白腐真菌AH28－2菌株处理未经稀释的黑液废水,分别添加0．2％纤维二维糖和0．02％天冬酰胺,COD去除率达62．45％和68．60％,研究发现锰过氧化物酶（MnP)和木素过氧化物酶（LiP)对COD去除率有直接影响,MnP/LiP酶活力值越高,处理效果越好。     

土著细菌菌群除铀效能分析

[目的]探讨土著细菌菌群(柠檬酸杆菌属51.58%、不动杆菌属25.49%、黄金杆菌属12.82%、肠杆菌属8.5%)对铀的去除效果及机理。[方法]考察温度、p H、U(Ⅵ)初始浓度对细菌菌群除铀影响,通过死活细菌菌群对比试验分析吸附还原所占比例,并通过SEM-EDS、FTIR和XRD分析除U(Ⅵ)机理。[结果]在p H为7.0、30℃、U(Ⅵ)初始浓度为9.6 mg/L时细菌菌群对铀的去除效果最好,去除率均达到96%以上;死活细菌对比试验发现细菌菌群对铀不仅有吸附作用还有还原作用。SEM-EDS显示除铀后细胞周围出现大量片状物质,新出现的U峰占细胞重量比的28.10%。FTIR结果显示细菌菌群细胞中氨基、羟基、羧基、酰胺和磷酸根基团在除铀过程中占主要作用。XRD显示说明细菌菌群对铀具有一定的矿化作用。[结论]从铀尾矿中选育出的细菌菌群具有协同作用,对铀具有较好的去除效果,其去除机理主要为以吸附和还原为主矿化作用为辅的生物沉淀作用。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism