不同品种葡萄抗霜霉病特性与叶片POD、PPO活性关系的研究

在霜霉病盛发期,对8804、梅尔诺、品丽珠3个葡萄品种(系)叶片中的PPO和POD活性变化进行了测定.结果显示,8804的PPO和POD活性较大,并保持相当长时间的高活性值,而梅尔诺、品丽珠叶片中PPO和POD活性较小;8804的PPO酶活性变化范围高于其它2个品种,但POD酶活性变化范围却低于后者.葡萄叶片中PPO和POD活性与葡萄霜霉病抗性之间存在一定的相关性,且不同抗感品种间PPO和POD酶活性存在极显著差异.研究结果表明,8804较梅尔诺、品丽珠对霜霉病具有较强的抗性.     

黄连木雌、雄株内源植物激素和POD同工酶的比较

为揭示黄连木（Pistacia chinensis Bunge）不同性别植株的生理差异,以雌株和雄株叶片为试材,对叶片赤霉素（GA3）、脱落酸（ABA）、吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）、亚精胺（Spd）、精胺（Spm）和腐胺（Put）含量变化及过氧化物酶同工酶进行了测定。结果表明,黄连木雌、雄株叶片GA3含量在6至9月均达到极显著差异,含量均在10月8日达到最大值,分别为100.9μg/g FW和92.9μg/g FW;雄株叶片ABA含量均高于雌株,雌、雄株叶片ABA含量在5月21日和7月8日达到极显著差异,5月21日均为最小值,含量分别为222.0 ng/g FW和340.1 ng/g FW;雄株叶片IAA含量均高于雌株,雌、雄植株叶片中IAA含量在8月8日达到极显著差异,9月8日达到最大值,分别为984.8 ng/g FW和1000.6 ng/g FW;雌株GA3/ABA的比值在7月至9月极显著高于雄株,9月8日差异值最大,为42.8;雌、雄株叶片IAA/ABA在5月21日差异值最大,为0.54;雌、雄株叶片Spd含量存在显著或极显著差异,均在7月8日达到最大值,分别为47.9μg/g FW和42.8μg/g FW;雄株叶片Spm含量均大于雌株,雌、雄株叶片Spm含量在10月8日达到极显著差异,均在7月8日出现最大值,分别为24.3μg/g FW和34.5μg/g FW;雄株叶片Put含量在各个时期均低于雌株,雌、雄株叶片Put含量除5月21日外,存在显著或极显著差异,在9月8日均达到最大值,分别为156.0μg/g FW和135.1μg/g FW。雌、雄株叶片、叶柄过氧化物酶同工酶有显著差异,雌株叶片过氧化物酶同工酶有5条带,分别为POD-1、POD-2、POD-3、POD-4、POD-5;雄株叶片只有4条带,分别为POD-2、POD-3、POD-4、POD-5;雌株叶柄内的过氧化物酶同工酶有4条带,分别为POD-1’、POD-3’、POD-4’、POD-5’,雄株叶柄内的过氧化物酶同工酶有3条带,分别为POD-2’、POD-4’、POD-5’。POD-1为雌株叶片特有条带,POD-1’、POD-3’为雌株叶柄特有条带,POD-2’为雄株叶柄特有条带。通过试验得出,黄连木叶片中ABA、IAA、Spd、Spm和Put含量与性别有关,叶片和叶柄的POD同工酶条带也是鉴别黄连木性别的有效指标。     

Effects of Ceratocystis fimbriata on phenolics content, PPO and PAL activity in sweet potato

选用对甘薯黑斑病抗性不同的品种南京-92(高抗)和烟台-252(高感)的叶片为材料,研究黑斑病对甘薯叶总酚含量、绿原酸含量、类黄酮含量以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性和酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响.结果表明:在未受黑斑病侵染时,南京-92叶片中类黄酮含量、绿原酸含量、PAL活性显著或极显著高于烟台-252,可以作为选育和鉴定抗黑斑病品种的生理指标,但总酚含量和PPO活性差异不显著.接种后2～8 d内,南京-92叶片内总酚含量和PPO活性增加迅速,与烟台-252达到显著或极显著差异,总酚含量和PPO活性的上升速度快、保持时间长,有利于提高对黑斑病的抵抗能力.     

黑斑病对甘薯叶酚类物质含量、PPO及PAL活性的影响

选用对甘薯黑斑病抗性不同的品种南京-92(高抗)和烟台-252(高感)的叶片为材料,研究黑斑病对甘薯叶总酚含量、绿原酸含量、类黄酮含量以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性和酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响。结果表明:在未受黑斑病侵染时,南京-92叶片中类黄酮含量、绿原酸含量、PAL活性显著或极显著高于烟台-252,可以作为选育和鉴定抗黑斑病品种的生理指标,但总酚含量和PPO活性差异不显著。接种后2～8d内,南京-92叶片内总酚含量和PPO活性增加迅速,与烟台-252达到显著或极显著差异,总酚含量和PPO活性的上升速度快、保持时间长,有利于提高对黑斑病的抵抗能力。     

基于形态学及生理学的黄檗性别差异研究

为了探究黄檗雌雄植株的形态学及生理学差异,对黄檗成树雌雄植株的形态学、叶片抗氧化防御酶活性及内源激素含量等指标开展对比研究,结果表明：黄檗雌雄植株形态存在显著差异,雌株叶宽比雄株大1.66±0.148 cm（P<0.05）、雌株枝间夹角比雄株大17.5±1.21°（P<0.001）;雌雄株叶片颜色存在差异,但叶绿素含量差异不显著;黄檗雌雄株超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶活性（CAT）酶活性存在显著差异,CAT酶活性在7月最高,雌株含量大雄株;POD酶活性6月含量最高,雄株大于雌株;SOD酶活性8月最高,雄株大于雌株。内源激素赤霉素（GA3）含量雄株大于雌株;吲哚乙酸（IAA）含量为雌株大于雄株;玉米素（ZA）含量为雄株大于雌株,差异显著（P<0.05）;内源脱落酸（ABA）性别间无显著差异。黄檗雌雄植株在形态及生理学等指标上存在一定差异,说明黄檗雌雄植株为维持自身生长需要,在形态和生理方面都做出不同调整以适应生存环境。     

干旱胁迫条件下小麦旗叶酶活性和丙二醛含量的染色体定位

以中国春-Synthetic 6x小麦染色体代换系及其亲本为材料,在不同生育时期对其旗叶SOD、POD活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定.结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,2B和7D代换系叶片的SOD活性及其相对活性在孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期始终显著或极显著高于中国春;1A、2A和2D代换系叶片POD活性及其相对活性始终显著或极显著高于中国春;而7A、1D和7D代换系叶片的MDA含量及其相对MDA含量始终显著或极显著低于中国春.由此表明,Synthetic 6x的2B和7D染色体上可能存在干旱胁迫下诱导SOD活性增强的有利基因;1A、2A和2D染色体上可能存在诱导POD活性增强的有利基因;7A、1D和7D染色体上可能存在抑制MDA含量增高的基因.     

马铃薯块茎发芽过程中酚类物质含量及其相关酶活性的变化

马铃薯块茎中含有促进发芽的酚类物质 ,块茎发芽过程中 ,酚类物质含量增加 ,多酚氧化酶 (PPO)活性降低 ,过氧化物酶 (POD)活性在萌发初期升高 ,以后随着芽的生长又下降     

马占相思树两家系过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性及同工酶比较研究

本文对马占相思(Acacia mangium)Q家系(QLD1983S)、P家系(PLD1983S)的过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性及其同工酶进行比较分析。结果表明,同一家系的不同器官,POD、PPO活性均呈现极显著差异;不同家系同一器官的POD和PPO活性也有极显著差异。通过对POD、PPO同工酶酶谱比较发现,P、Q两家系的根、茎、叶状柄各器官既有着明显的相同特征谱带,又有各自的特殊谱带。     

水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸对番茄幼苗叶片中PPO和POD的诱导作用

以番茄品种改良美国908和合作906为试验材料,研究了水杨酸(SA)和乙酰水杨酸(ASA)喷雾处理6-7叶期幼苗后,叶片内多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性在120 h内的变化.结果显示:SA和ASA对2个番茄品种的适宜诱导浓度分别为1 mmol/L和1.39 mmol/L;SA和ASA对PPO活性的诱导效果无显著差异,但对POD活性的诱导效果SA极显著强于ASA;合作906的PPO活性增幅显著大于改良美国908,而POD活性增幅却显著小于改良美国908,且合作906对诱导处理反应更敏感.研究表明,SA和ASA能显著提高番茄幼苗叶片的PPO、POD活性,而酶活性变化在品种和诱导剂间有显著差异.     

木质素含量对四倍体刺槐嫩枝插穗扦插生根的影响

以四倍体刺槐1年生嫩枝插条为试验材料,分析插穗木质素含量与其横截面剪切强度、相关酶活性和激素关系,并探究不同木质素含量的插穗扦插生根性状的效应,为四倍体刺槐扦插选择合适插穗提供理论参考。结果表明:(1)插穗的木质素含量与其横截面剪切强度呈极显著正相关关系(相关系数为0.99),根据剪切强度可以间接地估算其木质素含量。(2)插穗的木质素含量与其POD和PPO活性呈极显著正相关关系(POD相关系数为0.98,PPO相关系数为0.92),也与激素ABA含量呈极显著的正相关关系(相关系数为0.97),而同IAA、IBA呈不显著的相关性,根据POD和PPO活性以及激素ABA含量对生根的影响可以推测木质素含量对生根有一定的影响。(3)不同木质素含量的插穗生根性状差异显著,木质素含量为19.47%时插穗生根能力最强,其插穗生根率为60.39%,平均每株生根量为9.70个,根长为4.85cm;木质素含量为10.60%时插穗生根能力最差。(4)生根性状最佳时的木质素含量为19.47%,其对应的剪切强度范围为40～50kg。     

上海青对小菜蛾取食胁迫的生理反应(英文)

上海青遭受小菜蛾取食为害后 ,0 .5小时内叶片的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、过氧化物酶 (POD)、多酚氧化酶 (PPO)和总酚含量发生变化。就一天内的变化趋势而言 ,受害叶片的SOD、CAT、POD、PPO活力和总酚含量总体上比正常叶片低。但在 1 5:0 0时 ,正常叶片的SOD、CAT和POD活力最低时 ,受害叶片这三种酶的活力却明显上升 ;在 1 1 :0 0时 ,正常叶片的PPO活力为最低值时 ,受害叶片的PPO活力却上升至最高。这可能是由于小菜蛾取食对叶片的过度胁迫造成的结果。正常叶片的PPO活力与总酚量为负相关 ,但受害叶片没有这种关系 ,可见小菜蛾取食还引起了青菜生理的紊乱。受害植株的未受害叶的酶活力也不同程度地发生变化 ,可见上海青对小菜蛾的取食胁迫的应激生理反应是系统性的。总而言之 ,当上海青的直接防御体系被小菜蛾破坏时 ,上海青可能有其它防御小菜蛾的机制     

PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS REACTION OF CHINESE CABBAGE, BRASSICA CHINENSIS, INFESTED BY DIAMONDBACK, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA

Abstract The enzymatic activities of superoxidae dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxidae(CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and the content of phenol in the leaves of Chinese cabbage, Brassica chinensis , changed rapidly after the cabbage leaves were infested by the larvae of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xyhstetta . Variations of the SOD, CAT, POD and PPO activities and the phenol content of damaged leaves within a day are generally different from that of undamaged normal leaves, which might result from the excessive stress caused by DBM infestation. The content of phenol and the activity of PPO are negatively correlated in the normal leaves, but the change is not the same as that in the damaged leaves. It is thus evident that the physiological disorder was caused by feeding activity of DBM in the cabbage plants, and the physiological stress response of the Chinese cabbage is prone systematically to the feeding of DBM. The defensive system of the Chinese cabbage could be destroyed by the infestation of DBM larvae, and there might be other defensive mechanisms in the cabbage resistant to the damage of DBM.     

Identification,comparison, and functional analysis of salivary phenol‐oxidizing enzymes in Bemisia tabaci B and Trialeurodes vaporariorum

The differences in the ability of the invading whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (commonly known as biotype B and hereafter as B) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (both Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to utilize salivary phenol‐oxidizing enzymes – polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) to detoxify plant defensive phenolic compounds were explored. Polyphenol oxidase and POD were found in the saliva of both B and T. vaporariorum. For tomato colonies, the PPO and POD activities in the watery saliva of B were 2.27‐ and 1.34‐fold higher than those of T. vaporariorum. The PPO activities against specific phenolic compounds commonly found in plants were compared. The activities of those from B were significantly greater than those from T. vaporariorum. We also measured PPO activity in both species after they had fed on plants that were undamaged or had been previously damaged with either a plant pathogen [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (Peronosporales)] infection, mechanical damage, B infestation, or exogenous salicylic acid. For B, PPO activities in watery saliva increased 229, 184, 152, and 139% in response to the four treatments, whereas those of T. vaporariorum only increased 133, 119, 113, and 103%, respectively. Biotype B infestation significantly increased the total phenolic content of tomato leaves. Meanwhile, feeding on tomato infestation with B had no significant effect on the survival rate of B, but decreased the survival rate of T. vaporariorum significantly. These results suggest that B has stronger ability utilizing PPO to detoxify high concentrations of phenolics than T. vaporariorum, and this contributes to a significant advantage for B to hold high fitness on plants with induced resistance. Possible roles of salivary PPO in the competition between B and T. vaporariorum are discussed.     

小菜蛾取食后上海青的保护酶活力变化

上海青遭受小菜蛾取食为害后,0.5小时内叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和总酚含量发生变化。就一天内的变化趋势而言,受害叶片的SOD、CAT、POD、PPO活力和总酚含量总体上比正常叶片低,但在15：00时,正常叶片的SOD、CAT和POD活力最低时,受害叶片的三种酶活力却明显上升,在11：00时,正常叶片PPO活力为最低值时,受害叶片的PPO活力达最高,这可能是过度胁迫造成的,正常叶片的PPO活力与总酚量负相关,但受害叶片不呈现这种关系,此外,受害植株的未受害叶的保护酶活力也不同程度地发生变化,可见上海青对小菜蛾的取食胁迫后保护酶的反应是系统性的。     

Electrophoretic study of the proteins from Actinidia leaves and sex identification

The protein composition of actinidia (Actinidia L.) leaves has been studied by SDS-PAGE. Specific polypeptides in the protein pattern of male and female plants belonging to two species, A. kolomikta and A. chinensis, were detected. The potential of biochemical protein markers for identification of the plant sex is discussed.     

杜仲雌雄株树皮和叶片中氨基酸及其含量的研究

杜仲（ＥｕｃｏｍｍｉａｕｌｍｏｉｄｅｓＯｌｉｖ）是我国特有的雌雄异株植物,具有极高的药用价值、工业价值和观赏价值。主要依靠种子繁殖。为了有计划地进行定性栽培,就需要对幼龄植株进行早期性别鉴定。许多生理指标都可能作为性别鉴定的依据。通过对杜仲中氨基酸含量和组成的分析表明,不同性别植株树皮和叶片中均含有被分析的１７种氨基酸,其中胱氨酸和蛋氨酸在雌雄株间差异明显,雄株树皮和叶片中胱氨酸的含量分别高出雌株７６．９８％和４５．０４％;树皮和叶片中蛋氨酸含量雌株分别高出雄株２０．５０％和１８．７７％。这是否反映了杜仲雌雄的性别差异,值得探讨。必需氨基酸总量在树皮和叶片中均表现为雌株高于雄株,且叶片中必需氨基酸总量高于树皮中的含量。     

Phenolic Content in Male and Female Carica papaya: A Possible Physiological Marker for Sex Identification of Vegetative Seedlings

The phenolic composition was determined in the leaves, petioles and bark tissues of male and female plants of two papaya cultivars. The same kind of phenolics were isolated from the male and female plants. However, a marked difference was observed between the plant organs of different cultivars. The important free and bound phenolics extracted after acidic and alkaline hydrolysis were caffeic acid, gentisic acid, m-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid and quercetin. Four phenolic compounds were not identified. The amounts of free, acid-hydrolysable and alkali-hydrolysable phenolic compounds were considerably higher in male plants.     

Effects of putrescine and ethephon on some oxidative stress enzyme activities and proline content in salt stressed spinach leaves

The effects of putrescine and ethephon on peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7), polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.14.18.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activities and proline content in spinach leaves under saline stress were investigated. In control conditions, putrescine increased PPO and CAT activities and proline content, but decreased POD activity. Ethephon increased these three enzyme activities but did not affect proline content. In saline conditions, putrescine increased POD and CAT activities and proline content, while it decreased PPO activity. Ethephon increased both PPO and CAT activities and proline content, but decreased POD activity. Putrescine and ethephon have opposite effects on the enzyme activities and proline accumulation because they acts as antagonists.     

Antioxidant enzyme changes in neem,pigeonpea and mulberry leaves in two stages of maturity

Differential expression of antioxidant enzymes in various growth and differentiation stages has been documented in several plant species. We studied here, the difference in the levels of protein content and antioxidant enzymes activity at two stages of maturity, named young and mature in neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) mill sp) and mulberry (Morus Alba L.) leaves. The results showed that detached neem and pigeonpea mature leaves possessed higher activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) and lower activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as compared with young leaves. However, glutathione reductase (GR) showed higher activity in mature leaves of neem, whereas no change in its activity was observed in pigeonpea. On the other hand, antioxidant enzymes in mulberry showed either positive (PPO) or negative (POD, GR, APX) correlation with the progression of leaf maturity. Apparently the trend of changes in antioxidant enzymes activity during leaf development is species-specific: their activity higher at mature stage in some plants and lower in others.