产气肠杆菌EAM-Z1尿苷磷酸化酶的分离纯化及性质研究

从产气肠杆菌 (Enterobacteraerogenes)突变株EAM Z1中分离出一种具有较高转移酶活性的尿苷磷酸化酶 (UPase)。经测定这种Upase的分子量为 1 2 .8× 1 0 4,亚基分子量为 4 .3×1 0 4,由 3个同型亚基组成。N端氨基酸序列为 :MRMVDLIATKRDGGE。等电点为 4 .46。对尿苷的Km为 0 .2 9mmol L。酶反应的最适pH为 7.8,最适温度为 50℃。该酶能磷酸化尿苷、胸苷、5 氟尿苷、2′ 脱氧 5 氟尿苷及尿嘧啶 β D 阿拉伯呋喃糖 ,且具有较高的转移酶活性 ,能将尿苷和 5 氟尿嘧啶转化成 5 氟尿苷 (一种抗癌药物的中间体 ) ,其转化率为 47%。该酶的这些特性对于酶法合成核苷类抗肿瘤药物和抗病毒药物是十分有用的。     

产气肠杆菌EAM-Z1尿苷磷酸化酶的分离纯化及性质研究

从产气肠杆菌（Enterobacter aerogenes）突变株EAMZ1中分离出一种具有较高转移酶活性的尿苷磷酸化酶(Upase)。经测定这种Upase的分子量为12.8×104,亚基分子量为4.3×10.4,由３个同型亚基组成。N端氨基酸序列为：MRMVDLIATKRDGGE。等电点为4.46。对尿苷的Km为0.29mmol/L。酶反应的最适pH为7.8,最适温度为50℃。该酶能磷酸化尿苷、胸苷、5氟尿苷、2′脱氧5氟尿苷及尿嘧啶βD阿拉伯呋喃糖,且具有较高的转移酶活性,能将尿苷和5氟尿嘧啶转化成5氟尿苷(一种抗癌药物的中间体),其转化率为47％。该酶的这些特性对于酶法合成核苷类抗肿瘤药物和抗病毒药物是十分有用的。     

大肠杆菌aroG基因的克隆表达及与pheA,tyrB基因的？…

３－脱氧－２－阿拉伯庚酮糖－７－磷酸合成酶（ＤＡＨＰ）是苯丙氨酸合成途径中关键酶之一,在大肠杆菌中由ａｒｏＧ基因编码。本文用ＮＴＧ诱变得到对苯丙氨酸类似物间氟苯丙氨酸（ｍＦＰ）和对氟苯丙氨酸（ｐＦＰ）有抗性的大肠杆菌突变株,采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增得到了ａｒｏＧ基因,在大肠杆菌中进行了表达。结果表明,该基因能在λ噬菌体的ｐＲ启动子驱动下得到表达,在ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图上出现清晰的条带     

整细胞酶促合成抗HIV新药 D-D4FC

D-D4FC(β-D-2′,3′-双脱氢双脱氧-5-氟胞嘧啶核苷)是一种新型抗HIV病毒的核苷类药物,目前正在美国、法国和德国进行Ⅱ期临床。利用乳酸杆菌提取的粗制N-脱氧核糖转移酶实现了由D4T(β-D-2′,3′-双脱氢双脱氧-胸苷,司他夫定)和5-FC(5-氟胞嘧啶)合成D-D4FC,转化率达到25%。现在,发现利用乳酸杆菌整细胞也可实现此反应,其转化率经过12.5h可达到50%,更有利于可能的工业化连续生产。研究了整细胞催化合成D-D4FC反应中,pH值、缓冲液类型、底物浓度、加菌量、反应时间等条件的影响并进行了优化,探讨了反应中乳酸杆菌整细胞催化的可能机理。     

1901～2001年诺贝尔化学奖部分与生命科学有关的获奖项目

１９０２ ＨＥＲＭＡＮＮ ＥＭＩＬ ＦＩＳＣＨＥＲ（１８５２－１９１９，德国柏林大学）他在糖和嘌呤衍生物合成上的特殊贡献得到认可。 １９０７ ＥＤＵＡＲＤ ＢＵＣＨＮＥＲ（１８６０－１９１７，德国柏林农业大学）因为他的生物化学研究和发现无细胞发酵现象。 １９１５ ＲＩＣＨＡＲＤ ＭＡＲＴＩＮ ＷＩＬＬＳＴＡＴＴＥＲ（１８７２－１９４２，德国慕尼黑大学）因为他在植物色素，特别是叶绿素方面的研究。 １９１８ ＦＲＩＴＺ ＨＡＢＥＲ（１８６８－１９３４，德国 Ｋａｉｓｅｒ－Ｗｉｌｈｅｌｍ研究所）因为他发明了工业合成…     

一种快速、高效分离微生物转化产物5-氟尿苷的方法

使用一种有效的柱色谱方法分离微生物转化产物5-氟尿苷。该方法采用干燥柱真空层析和三种不同的溶剂系统,使获得的5-氟尿苷的纯度达98%,收率为92%。该方法适用于从酶反应混合物中分离核苷类似物。     

自诱导系统在酶促合成2’-脱氧胞苷中的应用

旨在高效合成2’-脱氧胞苷(d Cyd)。DCyd作为一类重要的药物中间体,能够用于合成吉西他滨(d Fd C)、扎西他滨(dd C)等多种抗病毒或抗肿瘤的药物。采用ZYM-Fe-5052自诱导培养基对含有N-脱氧核糖转移酶II(NDT)的大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行诱导,所得完整菌体直接用于催化合成d Cyd。结果表明,自诱导系统不仅无需额外添加诱导剂,还能够达到较高的菌体密度,且与LB诱导系统所得菌体在合成d Cyd方面具有同样高效的催化活性。2’-脱氧胸苷(d Thd)和胞嘧啶的浓度比为1∶3时,产物转化率可高达86.5%。合成d Cyd的最适反应条件为:2’-脱氧胸苷(d Thd)和胞嘧啶的浓度比为1∶1.5,p H6.5的磷酸缓冲液,1 mg/m L的菌体量,终体系10 m L,30℃条件下反应1 h,产物转化率可达71.9%。此方法还可用于制备其他核苷类似物,具有广泛的适用性和应用前景。     

一个改进的PCR过程中聚合酶复制精确性测定系统的建立

在大肠杆菌中建立了一套用于测定ＤＮＡ聚合酶在ＰＣＲ过程中复制精确性的系统,并测定了耐热ＦＤＤＮＡ聚合酶在ＰＣＲ扩增过程中的复制精确性。这一系统主要包括以质粒ｐＵＣ１１８和ｐＵＣ１１９为出发质粒所构建的一套共６个突变质粒,分别为ｐＦＤＦＰ１１８和ｐＦＤＦＰ１１９（＋１移码突变）、ｐＦＤＦＭ１１８和ｐＦＤＦＭ１１９（－１移码突变）、ｐＦＤＦＵ１１８和ｐＦＤＦＵ１１９（碱基置换突变）。这些突变质粒均不能进行ｌａｃＺ－α互补反应,因此在含有Ｘ－Ｇａｌ和ＩＰＴＧ的培养基上菌落呈白色。同时还构建了ＰＣＲ产物克隆载体ｐＦＤＦＬ１１８和ｐＦＤＦＬ１１９。以上述突变质粒为模板进行ＰＣＲ反应,取反应产物和ｐＦＤＦＬ１１８或ｐＦＤＦＬ１１９连接后转化到大肠杆菌中。若在ＰＣＲ过程中发生回复突变,则转化子在含有Ｘ－Ｇａｌ和ＩＰＴＧ的培养基上呈蓝色。由转化子中蓝白菌落个数即可计算出ＤＮＡ聚合酶的复制差错率。用这一系统测得ＦＤＤＮＡ耐热聚合酶的复制差错率为１０－５～１０－６。     

EGFR反义脱氧寡核苷酸及其硫代修饰片段抑制人肝癌细胞系BEL…

本文旨在研究针对ＥＧＦＲ ｍＲＮＡ的反义寡核苷酸片段对ＢＥＬ－７４０４细胞ＥＧＦＲ基因表达及其对细胞生长的影响。合成了互补于ＥＧＦＲ基因５’起始编码区的２１聚脱氧寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮｓ）。实验结果显示,３．２ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＯＤＮｓ明显抑制ＢＥＬ－７４０４细胞生长,「３Ｈ」Ｔｄｒ掺入抑制试验显示其对细胞ＤＮＡ合成的抑制作用表现剂量依赖性;密度扫描分析显示ＯＤＮｓ处理６、２４ｈ后,肝癌细胞ＥＧＦＲ ｍＲＮ     

缬氨酸杀虫菊酯的合成

缬氨酸杀虫菊酯是一类很有发展前景的杀虫杀螨剂,它的菊酸部分为Ｒ－构型,菊醇部分为Ｓ－构型,其合成是由相应的缬氨酸或者它的活性衍生物与相应的醇经酯化而制得。具体过程是Ｄ－缬氨酸经６ＮＨＢｒ／ＮａＮＯ２溴化制成（Ｒ）－α－溴代异戊酸,再与对三氟甲基苯胺反应合成（Ｒ）－Ｎ－［（４－三氟甲基）苯基］α－缬氨酸,后被Ｎ－氯代琥珀酰亚胺氯化制成（Ｒ）－Ｎ－［２－氯－４－（三氟甲基）苯基］α－缬氨酸,最后与（Ｓ）－α－氰基－３－苯氧苯基甲醇用ＤＣＣ脱水酯化合成缬氨酸杀虫菊酯Ｉ（Ｒ１＝Ｆ３Ｃ,Ｒ２＝Ｈ,ＣＬ,Ｒ３＝Ｈ）。还给出了两种菊酯２×４种异构体杀虫（烟草夜蛾和家蝇）活性数据。     

Substrate specificity of formylglycinamidine synthetase

Formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) synthetase, which catalyzes the conversion of formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR), glutamine, and ATP to FGAM, ADP, glutamate, and Pi, has been purified to homogeneity (sp act. 0.20 mumol min-1 mg-1) from chicken liver by an alternative procedure to that of Buchanan et al. [Buchanan, J. M., Ohnoki, S., & Hong, B. S. (1978) Methods Enzymol. 51, 193-201] (sp act. 0.12 mumol min-1 mg-1). A variety of new analogues of formylglycinamide ribonucleotide have been prepared in which the formylglycinamide arm (R = CH2NHCHO) has been replaced by R = CH3, CH2OH, CH2Cl, CH2NH3, CH2NHCOCH3, CH2NHCOCH2Cl, CH2NHCO2CH2Ph, and L-CHC-H3NHCHO. These compounds have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. With compounds R = CH3, CH2OH, and CH2NHCOCH3 and ATP, in the presence or absence of glutamine, FGAM synthetase catalyzes the production of Pi at 4.5, 48, and 20%, respectively, the rate of production of Pi from formylglycinamide ribonucleotide. Only R = CH2NHCOCH3 causes glutaminase activity as well as ATPase activity and has been shown to be converted to the amidine analogue. Both FGAR (R = CH2NHCHO) and the FGAR analogue (R = CH2NHCHOCH3) in the presence of ATP and FGAM synthetase and in the absence of glutamine form a complex isolable by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. FGAM synthetase is thus highly specific for its formylglycine side chain. [18O]-beta-FGAR was prepared biosynthetically, and FGAM synthetase was shown by 31P NMR spectroscopy to catalyze the transfer of amide 18O to inorganic phosphate.     

Metal-independent production of hydroxyl radicals by halogenated quinones and hydrogen peroxide: an ESR spin trapping study

The metal-independent production of hydroxyl radicals (*OH) from H(2)O(2) and tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (TCBQ), a carcinogenic metabolite of the widely used wood-preservative pentachlorophenol, was studied by electron spin resonance methods. When incubated with the spin trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), TCBQ and H(2)O(2) produced the DMPO/*OH adduct. The formation of DMPO/*OH was markedly inhibited by the *OH scavenging agents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, formate, and azide, with the concomitant formation of the characteristic DMPO spin trapping adducts with *CH(3), *CH(CH(3))OH, *COO(-), and *N(3), respectively. The formation of DMPO/*OH and DMPO/*CH(3) from TCBQ and H(2)O(2) in the absence and presence, respectively, of DMSO was inhibited by the trihydroxamate compound desferrioxamine, accompanied by the formation of the desferrioxamine-nitroxide radical. In contrast, DMPO/*OH and DMPO/*CH(3) formation from TCBQ and H(2)O(2) was not affected by the nonhydroxamate iron chelators bathophenanthroline disulfonate, ferrozine, and ferene, as well as the copper-specific chelator bathocuproine disulfonate. A comparative study with ferrous iron and H(2)O(2), the classic Fenton system, strongly supports our conclusion that *OH is produced by TCBQ and H(2)O(2) through a metal-independent mechanism. Metal-independent production of *OH from H(2)O(2) was also observed with several other halogenated quinones.     

Molecular orbital study of complexes of zinc(II) with sulphide, thiomethanolate, thiomethanol, dimethylthioether, thiophenolate, formiate, acetate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, iminomethane and imidazole. Relationships with structural and catalytic zinc in some metallo-enzymes.

Geometry optimization and energy calculations have been performed at the density functional B3LYP/LANL2DZ level on hydrogen sulfide (HS-), dihydrogensulfide (H2S), thiomethanolate (CH3S-), thiomethanol (CH3SH), thiophenolate (C6H5S-), methoxyde (CH3O-), methanol (CH3OH), formiate (HCOO-), acetate (CH3COO-), carbonate (CO3(2-)), hydrogen carbonate (HCO3-), iminomethane (NH=CH2), [ZnS], [ZnS2]2-, [Zn(HS)]+, [Zn(H2S)]2+, [Zn(HS)4]2-, [Zn(CH3S)]+, [Zn(CH3S)2], [Zn(CH3S)3]-, [Zn(CH3S)4]2-, [Zn(CH3SH)]2+, [Zn(CH3SCH3)]2+, [Zn(C6H5S)]+, [Zn(C6H5S)2], [Zn(C6H5S)3]-, [Zn(HS)(NH=CH2)2]+, [Zn(HS)2(NH=CH2)2], [Zn(HS)(H2O)]+, [Zn(HS)(HCOO)], [Zn(HS)2(HCOO)]-, [Zn(CH3O)]+, [Zn(CH3O)2], [Zn(CH3O)3]-, [Zn(CH3O)4]2, [Zn(CH3OH)]2+, [Zn(HCOO)]+, [Zn(CH3COO)]+, [Zn(CH3COO)2], [Zn(CH3COO)3]-, [Zn(CO3)], [Zn(HCO3)]+, and [Zn(HCO3)(Imz)]+ (Imz, 1,3-imidazole). The computed Zn-S bond distances are 2.174A for [ZnS], 2.274 for [Zn(HS)]+, 2.283 for [Zn(CH3S)]+, and 2.271 for [Zn(C6H5S)]+, showing that sulfide anion forms stronger bonds than substituted sulfides. The nature of the substituents on sulfur influences only slightly the Zn-S distance. The optimized tetra-coordinate [Zn(HS)2(NH=CH2)2] molecules has computed Zn-S and Zn-N bond distances of 2.392 and 2.154A which compare well with the experimental values at the solid state obtained via X-ray diffraction for a number of complex molecules. The computed Zn-O bond distances for chelating carboxylate derivatives like [Zn(HOCOO)]+ (1.998A), [Zn(HCOO)]+ (2.021), and [Zn(CH3COO)]+ (2.001) shows that the strength of the bond is not much influenced by the substituent on carboxylic carbon atom and that CH3- and HO- groups have very similar effects. The DFT analysis shows also that the carboxylate Ligand has a preference for the bidentate mode instead of the monodentate one, at least when the coordination number is small.     

Metabolic mechanisms of methanol/formaldehyde in isolated rat hepatocytes: carbonyl-metabolizing enzymes versus oxidative stress

Methanol (CH(3)OH), a common industrial solvent, is metabolized to toxic compounds by several enzymatic as well as free radical pathways. Identifying which process best enhances or prevents CH(3)OH-induced cytotoxicity could provide insight into the molecular basis for acute CH(3)OH-induced hepatoxicity. Metabolic pathways studied include those found in 1) an isolated hepatocyte system and 2) cell-free systems. Accelerated Cytotoxicity Mechanism Screening (ACMS) techniques demonstrated that CH(3)OH had little toxicity towards rat hepatocytes in 95% O(2), even at 2M concentration, whereas 50 mM was the estimated LC(50) (2h) in 1% O(2), estimated to be the physiological concentration in the centrilobular region of the liver and also the target region for ethanol toxicity. Cytotoxicity was attributed to increased NADH levels caused by CH(3)OH metabolism, catalyzed by ADH1, resulting in reductive stress, which reduced and released ferrous iron from Ferritin causing oxygen activation. A similar cytotoxic mechanism at 1% O(2) was previous found for ethanol. With 95% O(2), the addition of Fe(II)/H(2)O(2), at non-toxic concentrations were the most effective agents for increasing hepatocyte toxicity induced by 1M CH(3)OH, with a 3-fold increase in cytotoxicity and ROS formation. Iron chelators, desferoxamine, and NADH oxidizers and ATP generators, e.g. fructose, also protected hepatocytes and decreased ROS formation and cytotoxicity. Hepatocyte protein carbonylation induced by formaldehyde (HCHO) formation was also increased about 4-fold, when CH(3)OH was oxidized by the Fenton-like system, Fe(II)/H(2)O(2), and correlated with increased cytotoxicity. In a cell-free bovine serum albumin system, Fe(II)/H(2)O(2) also increased CH(3)OH oxidation as well as HCHO protein carbonylation. Nontoxic ferrous iron and a H(2)O(2) generating system increased HCHO-induced cytotoxicity and hepatocyte protein carbonylation. In addition, HCHO cytotoxicity was markedly increased by ADH1 and ALDH2 inhibitors or GSH-depleted hepatocytes. Increased HCHO concentration levels correlated with increased HCHO-induced protein carbonylation in hepatocytes. These results suggest that CH(3)OH at 1% O(2) involves activation of the Fenton system to form HCHO. However, at higher O(2) levels, radicals generated through Fe(II)/H(2)O(2) can oxidize CH(3)OH/HCHO to form pro-oxidant radicals and lead to increased oxidative stress through protein carbonylation and ROS formation which ultimately causes cell death.     

Fungitoxicity of 1,4-naphthoquinones to Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Twenty-one substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones and five 8-quinolinols and copper(II) chelates were tested for antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Compounds containing electron-releasing or weak electron-withdrawing groups in the 2 and 3 positions of the 1,4-naphthoquinone ring were the most active against C. albicans at pH 7.0 in the presence of beef serum in the following order: 2-CH3O = 2,3-(CH3O)2 greater than 2-CH3 greater than 2-CH3S greater than 2-NH2 greater than 2,6-(CH3)2. For T. mentagrophytes under the same conditions the inhibitory 1,4-naphthoquinones contained the substituents 2-CH3O greater than 2,3-(CH3O)2 greater than 2-CH2S greater than 2-CH3 greater than 2-CH3(NaHSO3) greater than 2-NH2 greater than 2-C2H5S, 3-CH3 greater than 2,6-(CH3)2 greater than 2,3-CL2 greater than 5,8-(OH)2.     

Factors that influence siderophoremediated iron bioavailability: catalysis of interligand iron (III) transfer from ferrioxamine B to EDTA by hydroxamic acids

Deferriferrioxamine B (H3DFB) is a linear trihydroxamic acid siderophore with molecular formula NH2(CH2)5[N(OH)C(O)(CH2)2C(O)NH(CH2)5]2N(OH)C(O)CH3 that forms a kinetically and thermodynamically stable complex with iron(III), ferrioxamine B. Under the conditions of our study (pH = 4.30, 25 degrees C), ferrioxamine B, Fe(HDFB)+, is hexacoordinated and the terminal amine group is protonated. Addition of simple hydroxamic acids, R1C(O)N(OH)R2 (R1 = CH3, R2 = H; R1 = C6H5, R2 = H; R1 = R2 = CH3), to an aqueous solution of ferrioxamine B at pH = 4.30, 25.0 degrees C, I = 2.0, results in the formation of ternary complexes Fe(H2DFB)A+ and Fe(H3DFB)A2+, and tris complexes FeA3, where A- represents the bidendate hydroxamate anion R1C(O)N(O)R2-. The addition of a molar excess of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to an aqueous solution of ferrioxamine B at pH 4.30 results in a slow exchange of iron(III) to eventually completely form Fe(EDTA)- and H4DFB+. The addition of a hydroxamic acid, HA, catalyzes the rate of this iron exchange reaction: (formula; see text) A four parallel path mechanism is proposed for reaction (1) in which catalysis occurs via transient formation of the ternary and tris complexes Fe(H2DFB) A+, Fe(H3DFB)A2+, and FeA3. Rate and equilibrium constants for the various reaction paths to products were obtained and the influence of hydroxamic acid structure on catalytic efficiency is discussed. The importance of a low energy pathway for iron dissociation from a siderophore complex in influencing microbial iron bio-availability is discussed. The system represented by reaction (1) is proposed as a possible model for in vivo catalyzed release of iron from its siderophore complex at the cell wall or interior, where EDTA represents the intracellular storage depot or membrane-bound carrier and HA represents a low molecular weight hydroxamate-based metabolite capable of catalyzing interligand iron exchange.     

New, partially hydrolyzable synthetic analogues of lecithin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidic acid

The synthesis of two new synthetic analogues of lecithin, two of phosphatidyl ethanolamine ("cephalin"), and one new phosphatidic acid analogue is described. They comprise one of each of the following types: the "isosteric" diether lecithin and cephalin analogues ROCH(2)CH(OR)- CH(2)CH(2)P(O) (O(-))OCH(2)CH(2)N(+)R'(3) (R = C(18)H(37); R' = H or CH(3)); and the "hydrocarbon" analogues of phosphatidic acid, lecithin, and cephalin, C(17)H(35)CH(2)CH(C(18)H(37))CH(2)P(O)(R) = (R'); [R = R' = OH; R = O(-), R' = OCH(2)CH(2)N(+)(CH(3))(3); and R = O(-), R' = OCH(2)CH(2)N(+)H(3)]. Infrared spectra and other properties of these compounds are described.     

Synthetic analogs for oxovanadium(IV/V)-glutathione interaction: an NMR, EPR, synthetic and structural study of oxovanadium(IV/V) compounds with sulfhydryl-containing pseudopeptides and dipeptides

The reaction of [VO(CH3COO)2(phen)] (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) with the sulfhydryl-containing pseudopeptides (scp), N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (H3mpg), N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)cysteine (H4m2pc), N-(3-mercaptopropionyl)cysteine (H4m3pc) and the dipeptides glycylglycine (H2glygly) and glycyl-L-alanine (H2glyala), in the presence of triethylamine, results in the formation of the compounds Et3NH[VO(mpg)(phen)] (1), (Et3NH)2[VO(m2pc)] (4), [(Et3NH)2[VO(m3pc) (5), [VO(glygly)(phen)] x 2CH3OH (2 x 2CH3OH) and [VO(glyala)(phen)] x CH3OH (3 x CH3OH). Evidence for the molecular connectivity in 2 x CH3OH was established by X-ray crystallography, showing the vanadium(IV) atom ligated to a tridentate glygly2- ligand at the N(amine), N(peptide) and O(carboxylato) atoms. Combination of the correlation plot of the EPR parameters gz versus Az, together with the additivity relationship supported the prediction of the equatorial donor atom sets of the V(IV)O2+ center at various pH values for the V(IV)O2+-glutathione system considered in this study. Model NMR studies (interaction of vanadium(V) with the scp H3mpg) showed that there is a possibility of vanadium(V) ligation to glutathione.     

Synthesis and crystal structures of Boc-L-Asn-L-Pro-OBzl.CH3OH and dehydration side product, Boc-beta-cyano-L-alanine-L-Pro-OBzl

Boc-L-Asn-L-Pro-OBzl: C21H29O6N3.CH3OH, Mr = 419.48 + CH3 OH, monoclinic, P2(1), a = 10.049(1), b = 10.399(2), c = 11.702(1) A, beta = 92.50(1)degrees, V = 1221.7(3) A3, dx = 1.14 g.cm-3, Z = 2, CuK alpha (lambda = 1.54178 A), F(000) = 484 (with solvent), 23 degrees, unique reflections (I greater than 3 sigma(I)) = 1745, R = 0.043, Rw = 0.062, S = 1.66. Boc-beta-cyano-L-alanine-L-Pro-OBzl: C21H27O5N3, Mr = 401.46, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 15.741(3), b = 21.060(3), c = 6.496(3) A, V = 2153(1) A3, dx = 1.24 g.cm-3, Z = 4, CuK alpha (lambda = 1.54178 A), F(000) = 856, 23 degrees, unique reflections (I greater than 3 sigma(I)) = 1573, R = 0.055, Rw = 0.078, S = 1.86. The tert.-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) protected dipeptide benzyl ester (OBzl), Boc-L-Asn-L-Pro-OBzl, prepared from a mixed anhydride reaction using isobutylchloroformate, Boc-L-asparagine, and HCl.L-proline-OBzl, crystallized with one methanol per asymmetric unit in an extended conformation with the Asn-Pro peptide bond trans. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding occurs between the methanol and the Asn side chain and between the peptide backbone and the Asn side chain. A minor impurity due to the dehydration of the Asn side chain to a beta-CNala crystallized with a similar extended conformation and a single intermolecular hydrogen bond.     

Zwitterionic biphenyl quinone methides in photodehydration reactions of 3-hydroxybiphenyl derivatives: laser flash photolysis and antiproliferation study

In aqueous media, photochemical excitation to S(1) of 3-phenylphenols 4-8 leads to deprotonation of the phenol OH, coupled with protonation of the benzyl alcohol and overall dehydration that delivers zwitterions 17-21. The zwitterions react with nucleophiles (CH(3)OH, CF(3)CH(2)OH and ethanolamine) converting them in high quantum yields to the corresponding adducts and photosolvolysis products (for photomethanolysis Φ~0.1-0.5). Zwitterions 20 and 21 were characterized by laser flash photolysis in CH(3)CN-H(2)O (τ~7.5 and 25 μs, respectively) and the associated quenching rate constants with nucleophiles azide and ethanolamine determined. In vitro studies of antiproliferative activity of the photochemicaly generated QMs and zwitterions formed from 2-, 3- and 4-phenylphenols were carried out on three human cancer cell lines HCT 116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), and H 460 (lung). Irradiation of cells incubated with 3, 6, and 26 showed enhanced antiproliferative activity compared to the cells that were not irradiated.