斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒不同分离株基因序列的同源性分析

研究SpltMNPV不同分离株及SpltMNPV分离株与SpliNPV间基因序列的同源性,为SpltMNPV分离株的利用提供理论基础。根据已发表的斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（SpltMNPV）中国株（Zh）基因组全序列（AF527603）和海灰翅夜蛾核型多角体病毒（SpliNPV）Not I-D片段序列（AF527603）设计引物,PCR方法扩增得到SpltMNPV日本福冈株（Fu）、埃及株（Eg）和小笠原株（Og）的ORF39～ORF42和ORF119～ORF124编码区全序列。SpltMNPV不同分离株及SpltMNPV分离株与SpliNPV间基因序列的相似性比较, Zh株和Og株,Eg株、Fu株和SpliNPV的相似性高,而Zh株和Eg株、Fu株或SpliNPV,Og株和Eg株、Fu株或SpliNPV的相似性都比较低。亦即SpltMNPV 3种基因型,B型和C型的同源性高,A型与B型或C型的同源性比较低,但A型与SpliNPV的同源性高;同一基因型内不同分离株（Eg株和Fu株）的同源性高。ETG分子进化分析表明Eg株、Fu株和SpliNPV处于一个分支,而Eg株、Fu株和SpliNPV与Zh株和Og株则处于不同的分支。因此推断Eg株和Fu株为SpliNPV的分离株,而Og株为SpltMNPV的分离株。     

猪圆环病毒2型三株贵州流行株全基因序列分析

为掌握贵州省猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)流行株的分子生物学资料,对已分离的3株PCV2贵州流行株(GZ-LZ1株、GZ-KY1株和GZ-PX1株)进行全基因克隆与测序,应用生物信息学软件将贵州PCV2流行株与参考株进行核苷酸同源性与系统进化树分析。结果显示,3株PCV2贵州流行株贵州全基因组大小均为1 767 bp,同源性为97.0%-98.3%,与国内外24株参考株同源性为77.5%-99.9%,与国产疫苗株同源性为95.5%-98.2%;系统进化树结果显示,3株PCV2贵州流行株归属PCV2d分支,其中GZ-LZ1株和GZ-PX1株与国内PCV2疫苗YM-SH株的进化关系较远,而GZ-KY1与四川SC-10株、浙江ZJ-38株和黑龙江HLJ-10株的进化关系较近。     

阴道乳酸杆菌的分子生物学鉴定方法研究

目的鉴定女性生殖道乳杆菌种类及各种乳杆菌在阴道中的分布差异。方法通过扩增和测序乳酸杆菌16S rRNA序列中特异性区段（8f926r）,并利用Vector NTI 8.0序列分析软件对各菌株的基因序列与标准菌株比对进行。结果 26株乳酸菌,L1株、L25株和L46株为乳酸杆菌属中的格氏乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus gasseri）;L2株、L5株、L6株、L7株、L8株、L11株、L13株、L15株、L19株、L20株、L24株、L26株、L28株、L29株、L31株、L32株、L33株、L34株、L35株、L36株、L40株与L45株均为乳酸杆菌属中的卷曲乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus crispatus）,而L21株未鉴定为乳酸球菌。结论女性阴道乳酸杆菌的优势菌种是卷曲乳杆菌、格氏乳杆菌。     

临床分离耐甲氧西林溶血性葡萄球菌的SCCmec分型及同源性分析

目的了解临床分离耐甲氧西林溶血性葡萄球菌（MRSH）的SCCmec基因型别及相同SCCmec型别菌株的同源性。方法多重PCR进行SCCmec分型,ERIC-PCR法对相同SCCmec型别菌株进行同源性分析。结果83株临床分离MRSH菌株中,SCCmecI型有23株（27．7％）,SCCmecⅡ型有10株（12．1％）,SCCmecm型有24株（28．9％）,SCCmecIV型有1株（1．2％）,I、Ⅱ混合型有8株（9．6％）,I、Ⅲ混合型有6株（7．2％）,Ⅱ、11混合型有5株（6．0％）,I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ混合型有3株（3．6％）,未分型3株（3．6％）。ERIC—PCR结果显示,23株SCCmecI型分为11型,其中A型5株,B型5株,C型3株,其余8株各为1型,2株未分型;10株SCCmecⅡ型分为6型,其中D型4株,E型2株,3株各为1型,1株未分型;24株SCCmecm型分为9型,其中F型11株,G型2株,H型2株,I型2株,5株各为1型,2株未分型。结论临床分离MRSH中,SCCmecI、Ⅲ型为多,部分菌株呈混合型别;相同SCCmec型别的部分菌株之间可能存在克隆传播。     

2011年、2013年和2016年医院内获得性血流感染常见病原菌分布及其耐药性分析

动态监测2011年、2013年和2016年我国不同地区医院内获得性血流感染病原菌分布及耐药进展趋势。从全国10个城市回顾性收集血流感染病原菌非重复性株,采用琼脂稀释法或微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性试验,采用Whonet 5.6软件对药敏试验结果进行分析。收集的2 248株血流感染病原菌中革兰阴性杆菌为1 657株 (占73.7%),革兰阳性球菌为591株 (占26.3%)。分离率排名前五的病原菌依次为大肠埃希菌 (32.6%,733株/2 248株)、肺炎克雷伯菌 (14.5%,327株/2 248株)、金黄色葡萄球菌 (10.0%,225株/2 248株)、鲍曼不动杆菌 (8.7%,196株/ 2 248株) 和铜绿假单胞菌 (6.2%,140株/2 248株)。血流感染分离的革兰阴性杆菌对抗菌药物体外敏感率较高的抗菌药物依次为粘菌素 (96.5%,1 525株/1 581株,不包括天然耐药菌株)、替加环素 (95.6%,1 375株/1 438株,不包括天然耐药菌株)、头孢他啶/克拉维酸 (89.2%,1 112株/1 246株)、阿米卡星 (86.4%,1 382株/1 599株) 和美罗培南 (85.7%,1 376株/1 605株);革兰阳性球菌对抗菌药物体外敏感率较高的抗菌药物依次为替加环素、替考拉宁和达托霉素 (敏感率均为100.0%)、万古霉素和利奈唑胺 (敏感率均为99.7%)。2011年、2013年和2016年产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肠杆菌科细菌分离率分别为50.6% (206株/407株)、49.8% (136株/273株) 和38.9% (167株/429株);碳青霉烯不敏感肠杆菌科细菌分离率分别为2.2% (9株/408株)、4.0% (16株/402株) 和3.9% (17株/ 439株);多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌分离率分别为76.4% (55株/72株)、82.7% (43株/52株) 和87.5% (63株/72株),多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌分离率分别为9.8% (5株/51株)、20.0% (7株/35株) 和13.0% (7株/54株);甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的分离率分别为51.9% (41株/79株)、29.7% (19株/64株) 和31.7% (26株/82株)。屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌中高水平庆大霉素耐药株分离率分别为43.2% (48株/111株) 和40.9% (27株/66株)。碳青霉烯不敏感肠杆菌科细菌中肺炎克雷伯菌居首位,占57.1% (24株/42株) 。肠杆菌科细菌中分离出30株替加环素不敏感株,其中肺炎克雷伯菌占76.7% (23株/30株);分离出粘菌素耐药肠杆菌科细菌39株,其中大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌分别占43.6% (17株/39株)、35.9% (14株/39株) 和15.4% (6株/39株)。医院获得性血流感染病原菌主要为革兰阴性杆菌 (以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主),其对替加环素、粘菌素和碳青霉烯类药物的敏感率较高;革兰阳性球菌中分离率最高的为金黄色葡萄球菌,其次为屎肠球菌,这两种细菌对替加环素、达托霉素、利奈唑胺、万古霉素和替考拉宁的敏感率较高。粘菌素耐药肠杆菌科细菌、替加环素不敏感肠杆菌科细菌、利奈唑胺或万古霉素不敏感革兰阳性球菌的分离,警示临床高度关注,仍需动态监测耐药进展趋势。     

曾候乙墓穴木椁微生物的分离与鉴定

从曾侯乙墓中椁室、东椁室、西椁室和北椁室分别取样,经平板划线培养,分离,纯化共获得典型的菌株16株。将16株分别涂片镜检,生理生化分析鉴定,结果证明芽孢杆菌属11株,其中苏云金变种1株,地衣芽孢杆菌1株,巨大芽孢杆菌1株,球形芽孢杆菌5株,蜡状芽孢杆菌2株,多粘芽孢杆菌1株。其余菌株微杆菌属4株,黄色杆菌属黄杆菌1株。     

陆地棉核不育株扦插繁殖与宿生保持及杂种优势利用

利用广西南宁冬季无霜冻的气候特点,对陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)洞A细胞核雄性不育扦插株与宿生株及其杂交一代进行比较研究.结果表明:(1)1 a生扦插株开花较早,茎粗、主茎节间长度、铃重、子指4个性状显著好于实生株,但扦插株的种子产量显著低于实生株,其原因是果枝扦插形成的僵苗占扦插株的23.04%,而且扦插株全为不育株,实生株中则有50%左右的可育株;(2)2 a生扦插株性状与实生株无显著差异;(3)由扦插繁殖的不育株和种子繁殖的不育株配制的杂交F1代的产量与纤维品质无显著差异.因此认为,扦插繁殖陆地棉核不育株用于多年杂交制种是可行的,选择营养枝扦插是陆地棉核不育株扦插繁殖需要注意的关键问题. 宿生株及其杂交一代进行比较研究.结果表明:(1)1 a生扦插株开花较早,茎粗、主茎节间长度、铃重、子指4个性状显著好于实生株,但扦插株的种子产量显著低于实生株,其原因是果枝扦插形成的僵苗占扦插株的23.04%,而且扦插株全为不育株,实生株中则有50%左右的可育株;(2)2 a生扦插株性状与实生株无显著差异;(3)由扦插繁殖的不育株和种子繁殖的不育株配制的杂交F1代的产量与纤维品质无显著差异.因此认 ,扦插繁殖陆地棉核不育株用于多年杂交制种是可行的,选择营养枝扦插是陆地棉核不育株扦插繁殖需     

白云鄂博稀土矿区若干微生物培养特征探究

从白云鄂博稀土矿区分离到20株纯培养菌,对其个体形态、菌落特征、革兰氏染色反应和一系列生理生化特性进行了研究并作了初步鉴定。其中,细菌14株,11株鉴定到种,3株鉴定到属;放线菌5株均鉴定到种;真菌1株鉴定到种。同时,经相关试验还测得,20株菌中有极耐酸菌10株;极耐碱菌11株;既耐酸又耐碱菌6株;耐受pH值1～12的菌7株;20株菌都能耐受pH2;耐盐菌17株;耐冷菌20株;耐热菌3株;既耐冷又耐热菌3株。     

猪轮状病毒JL94中国分离株衣壳蛋白基因的分析

根据GenBank发表的猪轮状病毒衣壳蛋白vp4基因、vp6基因和vp7基因保守序列,设计合成3对引物,分别扩增猪轮状病毒中国分离株JL94株的此3段基因并进行序列分析。结果表明,JL94株vp4基因与国外分离株CRW-8株、OSU株、Gottfried株、4F株和4S株的VP4氨基酸同源性分别为97.16％、95％、71.88％、73.45％和70.88％;JL94株vp6与CRW-8株、OSU株、Gottfried株、4F株和4S株的VP6氨基酸同源性分别为96.98％、97.48％、93.20％、97.48％和93％;JL94株vp7基因与CRW-8株、OSU株、Gottfried株、4F株和4S株的VP7氨基酸同源性分别为98％、99.90％、75.40％、84.66％和80％。可见JL94株同CRW-8株、OSU株同源性更高些;vp4和vp7基因在同型间高度保守而不同型间差距较大,vp6基因在同群和非同群间差别不是很明显。同时可以判定JL94属于A群Ⅰ亚群G5P7血清型PRV。研究猪轮状病毒中国分离株JL94株衣壳蛋白基因的特征,为研制高效抗病毒疫苗奠定基础。     

小麦花培后代产生非整倍体的研究

取不完全结实的小麦花粉植株的株系后代66株进行细胞学鉴定。结果如下:染色体数目正常的有34株,占51.5％;染色体数目变异的有32株,占48.5％,其中单体25株,双单体4株、三体3株。经Giemsa-N带技术鉴定,其中有3株3B、6B双单体;3株3B单体;3株7B单体和1株3B三体。     

果实膨大期喷布磷酸二氢钾对三月红荔枝果实贮藏性的影响

在三月红荔枝(Litchi chinensis cv.Sanyuehong)果实膨大期对树冠喷施0.2%磷酸二氢钾(KP)水溶液,以探讨磷酸二氢钾对荔枝果实贮藏性的影响。结果表明:(1) KP处理的果实在贮藏期前17d,失重率及果肉可溶性固形物、酸、VitC、花色素苷等指标的变化趋势与对照基本相似;(2) KP处理的果肉可溶性蛋白质含量变化与对照有明显差异,而果皮的可溶性蛋白质含量在贮藏期前10d变化动态与对照一致,此后呈相反的变化趋势;(3)果皮POD活性显著高于果肉,KP处理和对照的果肉POD活性在贮藏第3d后、果皮POD活性在第17d前分别具有相似变化趋势;(4)果肉中CAT活性在贮藏第3~17d期间都显著或极显著高于果皮,KP处理和对照果肉、果皮CAT活性动态变化均为单峰曲线。     

Influence of in vitro factors on titre and elimination of model fruit tree viruses

The titre of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) was higher in microplants of Malus domestica cv. Jonagold than in 2-year-old grafted scions. Cytokinin concentration in the medium increased the titre of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) in the apex of microplants of Prunus insititia cv. Kozlienka but did not affect the titre of ACLSV in M .domestica.Virus titre of ACLSVwas higher in the haulms of autotrophically-grown compared with heterotrophically-grown microplants whereas as for PNRSV the results were the reverse. For both viruses, however, titre of the virus in the roots of autotrophically-grown plants was significantly higher than in haulm tissue from heterotrophic cultures. Ribavirin incorporation resulted in elimination of both viruses. Negative ELISA results were confirmed independently by PCR. The efficacy of Ribavirin in elimination of ACLSV was increased by increasing the concentration of cytokinin in the medium in parallel with decreasing the concentration of Ribavirin. These results are discussed in the context of the reliability of in vitro virus testing.     

Rat brain thioltransferase: regional distribution, immunological characterization, and localization by fluorescent in situ hybridization

Thioltransferase (TTase) is a member of the family of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that are involved in the maintenance of sulfhydryl homeostasis in cells by catalyzing thiol-disulfide interchange reactions. One of the major consequences of oxidative stress in brain is the formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides (through oxidation of protein thiols), which can be reversed by TTase during the recovery of brain from oxidative stress. We therefore examined the presence of TTase in brain regions from rat. In the rat, TTase activity in the whole brain was comparable with the corresponding activity in liver, but significantly higher in hippocampus. The enzyme activity was significantly lower in striatum and cerebellum compared with activity in whole brain. Rat brain TTase shared immunological similarity with the human red blood cell enzyme, but not with the pig liver enzyme. The constitutive expression of the mRNA to TTase was demonstrable by northern blotting. Localization of the TTase mRNA in rat brain by fluorescent in situ hybridization showed the presence of high amounts of mRNA in the olfactory bulb, cortex, and hippocampus and its predominant localization in the neurons. TTase mRNA was also present in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, in giant reticular neurons in the midbrain, and in the striatal and thalamic neurons. This study demonstrates the constitutive presence of a functional TTase system in brain and delineates the regional and cellular localization of the enzyme in rat brain.     

Circadian rhythmic changes in the lipid composition of muscles in kilka <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clupeonella cultriventris</Emphasis> (Clupeidae,clupeiformes) during natural periodicity of feeding in the feeding and spawning periods in the Rybinsk Reservoir

According to data of observations in 2002–2004, differences in the pattern of diurnal fluctuations in the total content and fractional composition of lipids in muscles of mature specimens of kilka Clupeonella cultriventris from the Rybinsk Reservoir in the feeding and spawning periods were revealed. It was established that the feeding intensity in kilka considerably changes throughout 24 h in both periods of the annual cycle, while diurnal fluctuations in the fatness of muscles are distinctly manifested only in the reproductive period and have a dissimilar pattern in specimens of different sexes. In females and males, they are determined mainly by the change in the content of the fraction of reserve lipids-triacylglycerols, as a rule, by its increase in the light hours of the day, several hours after an increase in the feeding activity of fish. The pattern of diurnal fluctuations of the level of lipid fractions (phospholipids, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and its ethers) in kilka’s muscles differs from that in the feeding period. Possible causes of the change of diurnal variations of the considered indices of lipid metabolism in kilka at an increase in the endocrine activity of its body in the reproductive period is discussed.     

Effect of Moniliformis moniliformis density on distribution within the definitive host population (Rattus norvegicus)

The population dynamics of Moniliformis moniliformis was studied in ‘free-ranging’ laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus, presented with different relative density levels of M. moniliformis in cockroaches, Periplaneta americana. Changes in selected population parameters of the negative binomial distribution were evaluated as indicators of changes in aggregation. A significant increase in the degree of aggregation of parasites occurred as a result of the increase in relative density of infective stages available to the rats. This increase in aggregation was due to the increase in over-dispersion that occurred in female rats only. The degree of aggregation in females was found to be significantly higher than that in males at both treatment levels. The best indicators of the degree of aggregation were found to be the ratio of the variance to the relative density and the ratio of the log-variance to log-relative density. Changes in k were not correlated with changes in over-dispersion or the relative density.     

Distribution and Abundance of Primates in Rain Forests of the Western Ghats,Karnataka, India and the Conservation of Macaca silenus

We assessed the distribution and abundance of 4 species of diurnal primates viz. lion-tailed macaque, bonnet macaque, Nilgiri langur and Hanuman langur, in 2 areas—Brahmagiri-Makut and Sirsi-Honnavara—in rain forests of the Western Ghats in the state of Karnataka, India. The Nilgiri langurs in Brahmagiri-Makut and the lion-tailed macaques in Sirsi-Honnavara are the northernmost populations of the 2 species in the Western Ghats. The 2 regions represent changes in ecological zones in the Western Ghats. In Brahmagiri-Makut, Hanuman langurs and bonnet macaques occupy lower elevations whereas Nilgiri langurs live in relatively higher altitudes. Only one group of lion-tailed macaques was in Brahmagiri-Makut. In the forests of Sirsi-Honnavara, 3 species of primates viz. lion-tailed macaque, bonnet macaque and Hanuman langur were in larger numbers throughout the forest. A self-sustainable single population of 32 groups of lion-tailed macaques occurred in Sirsi-Honnavara. Few subspecies of Hanuman langurs exist in the study regions. Due to local hunting practices, the relative abundance of primates in Brahmagiri-Makut is lower than that in Sirsi-Honnavara.     

The effect of periovulatory imbalance of prolactin on the expression of prolactin receptors in rat ovary cells

Using the technique of immunohistochemistry in combination with cytophotometry, we have studied the effect of periovulatory hyper- and hypoprolactinemia on the expression of prolactin receptors in various cell types of rat ovaries during early estrus. It has been shown that intense specific staining of oocytes is positively controlled by prolactin. The maximal intensity of specific staining was found in cells of the cumulus and the inner layer of granulosa cells in mature follicles; staining intensity gradually diminished towards the outer boundary cell layer. Postovulatory follicles are distinct from those mature follicles in which there was no ovulation in their more intense manifestation of prolactin receptors in cells of the inner layer and cumulus, as well as in increased positive staining (after prolactin administration) only in the granulosa layer cells closest to theca. In follicles which did not ovulate by the time of the early estrus, prolactin administration leads to a proportional growth of specific immunoreactivity in all cell layers of the granulosa. The administration of bromocryptin, an inhibitor of prolactin secretion, leading to a 10-fold decrease in the prolactin level in the blood, results in a twofold decrease in the intensity of specific staining of all cell layers of the granulosa in either type of follicle. Corpora lutea of the previous cycle have irregularly positioned luteocytes with weak and strong specific staining, the intensity of which is not changed in response to prolactin and diminishes slightly after the administration of bromocryptin. We conclude that the most intense changes in the content of prolactin receptors under the conditions of imbalance of this hormone during the periovulatory period are observed in those follicles where the oocyte did not ovulate by the time of early estrus.     

Investigation on the Ontogeny of Pollen in Pinus thunbergii Parl

The microsporogenesis in Pinus thunbergii occurs in early to middle March, and the development of pollen in late March to early April. A mature pollen grain consists of four cells. The starch grains aggregate in the equators during meiosis Ⅰ to Ⅱ. The callose materials appear first in inner side of the wall of meiocyte and then in the equator. Sometimes the 3-or 4-sac- cate pollen grains have been found. In the ontogeny of pollen in Pinus thunbergii following events are noteworthy. (1) During meiosis the equatorial aggregation of starch grains in me iocyte becomes conspicuous. (2) During formation of tetrad the callose wall appears in regular activity. It is noteworthy that there is itself feature for the accumulation of callose in Pinus thunbergii. After formation of prothallial cells the callose appears mainly in the area between body and saccus. So the prominent symmetry of distribution of callose occurs in the pollen grains. But almost no callose accumulation takes place i,n tenuity in distal face of pollen grain. On the contrary, there are certain callose accumulation around the prothallial cells in the proximal face, forming the polar distribution of callose in pollen grains.     

Structure, distribution and physiological functions of ghrelin in fish

Ghrelin was originally purified and characterized in rats and humans as the first identified endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. In mammals, ghrelin is mainly produced in the stomach, with minor levels of ghrelin present in the brain and various other tissues. Ghrelin is involved in the regulation of many physiological functions including the regulation of growth hormone secretion and food intake in mammals. The gene and peptide structures of ghrelin have been recently identified in several fish species. As in mammals, ghrelin mRNA is mainly expressed in the gut of fish. Ghrelin is involved in the regulation of a number of physiological functions, including the regulation of pituitary hormone release and the stimulation of food intake in fish. In this review, we wish to provide an up-to-date discussion on the structure, distribution and functions of ghrelin in fish, in comparison to ghrelin in other vertebrates.     

Modification of chemical properties of cell wall polysaccharides in the inner tissues by white light in relation to the decrease in tissue tension in Pisum sativum epicotyls

When white light irradiation inhibits shoot growth in derooted pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) cuttings, it decreases tissue tension, a driving force for shoot growth, by making the cell wall of the inner tissues mechanically rigid. To elucidate the mechanism by which light affects the mechanical properties of the cell wall in the inner tissues, its effect on the chemical properties of the cell walls was studied by analyzing qualitatively and quantitatively cell wall polysaccharides in the epdidermis and inner tissue of pea epicotyls grown in both dark and light. The amount of polysaccharides per subhook in the cell walls of both tissues increased during a 4-h dark incubation. Light suppressed the increase in hemicellulosic (HC)-II and cellulosic polysaccharides in the inner tissues, while it did not affect the increase in other wall fractions in either the epidermal or subepidermal tissues. No light effect was observed on the neutral sugar compositions of pectin, HC-I or HC-II fractions in either of the tissues. Light increased the mass-average molecular mass of xyloglucan and rhamnoarabinogalactan in HC-II fractions in the inner tissues, while such an effect was not observed in the epidermis. These facts suggest that the light-induced decrease in the tissue tension in pea epicotyls is caused by an increase in the molecular size of xyloglucan, rhamnoarabinogalactan in the HC-II fraction and/or the suppression of the synthesis of HC-II and cellulosic polysaccharides in the inner tissues.