长江三峡库区新植物

采用长江三峡库区的2个植物新变种,一个属于报春花科,与显苞过路黄（Lysimachia rubiginosa Hemsl.var.rubiginosa)相比较,其特点为四叶轮生,命名为秭归过路黄（Lysimachia rubiginosa Hemsl.var.ziguiensisZ.E.Zhao et J.Q.Wu);另一个属于车前草科,与疏花车前（Plantago erosaWall)的区别为：本变种叶披针形,近似锐裂,基三出脉,花无柄,花柱长4-7mm,无毛,命名为丰都车前（Plantago erosa Wall.var.fengdouensisZ.E.ZhaoetY.Wang)。     

Euphrasia brevilabris Y. F. Wang,Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du,a new species of the Scrophulariaceae from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Euphrasia brevilabris Y. F. Wang, Y. S. Lian & G. Z. Du, a new species of the Scrophulariaceae from Gannan grassland of Gansu belonging to the east edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China, is described and illustrated. It is related to E. regelii Wettst. by having dense tentacle on the leaves, bracts and calyces, but differs from plant shorter, 3–7 cm high, without ramification, leaves smaller, 3–5 mm long, corolla yellow, the back 3–5 mm long, and labium shorter than muffle. It is also similar to E. pectinata Ten. by bracts obviously bigger than vegetative leaves, but differs from plant shorter, leaves smaller, having dense tentacle on the leaves, bracts and calyces, corolla yellow, labium shorter than muffle.     

Petrocosmea glabristoma (Gesneriaceae), a New Species from Yunnan,China

Petrocosmea glabrstoma ZJ. Qiu & YZ. Wang, a new species from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to Petrocosmea forrestii Craib and Pmairei Lévl., but differs from them mainly by its leaves triangular or triangular ovate, corolla glabrous inside with shorter filament. Molecular and morphological data demonstrate that this new species has a close affinity to Pforrestii.     

三峡库区消涨带特有濒危植物丰都车前Plantago fengdouensis的迁地保护

丰都车前(Plantago fengdouensis)为近年在三峡库区消涨带发现的一特有植物。通过多年的调查,发现该种仅分布于重庆市忠县、丰都县和巴南区等3个长江江心岛上,总共290株。随着三峡水库的逐步蓄水,丰都车前的自然分布区将于2006年全部水淹,使其成为因三峡工程建设而导致自然生境和野生居群全部毁灭的唯一的草本植物。为保护这一即将野外灭绝的稀有植物,在对其地理分布、生态学和群落学调查的基础上,对其形态特征、年生长周期和生殖值与同属植物车前(P.asiatica)和北美车前(P.virginica)进行了调查、试验和比较研究,表明丰都车前果期长、种子不适宜长距离传播和生殖值低以及长江水淹干扰是其狭域分布和数量稀少的主要原因。同时探讨了其迁地保护策略,并提出了下一步的研究和保护建议。     

Wentsaiboea D. Fang & D. H. Qin,a new genus of the Gesneriaceae from Guangxi,China

Wentsaiboea renifolia D. Fang & D. H. Qin, a new genus and species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This genus is similar to Dolicholoma D. Fang & W. T. Wang in the shape of stigma, but differs by having leaves reniform, palmately nerved and base cordate, corolla obliquely campanulate, corolla lobes rounded, and both stamens and staminodes adnate to corolla tube near base. It is also similar to Chiritopsis W. T. Wang in the habit, but differs by having leaves palmately nerved, corolla tube campanulate and abaxially swollen, and stigma hippocrepiform.     

广西苦苣苔科一新属——文采苣苔属

描述了在广西发现的苦苣苔科一新属和一新种,即文采苣苔属Wentsaiboea D. Fang & D. H. Qin及文采苣苔W. renifolia D. Fang & D. H. Qin, 并提供墨线图。文采苣苔属的柱头外形略似长檐苣苔属Dolicholoma D. Fang & W. T. Wang, 不同在于前者叶肾形,基部心形,具掌状脉,花冠斜钟状,裂片圆形,雄蕊和退化雄蕊着生于冠筒近基部。新属在体态上还接近小花苣苔属Chiritopsis W. T. Wang, 但前者叶具掌状脉,冠筒钟状,远轴侧膨胀,柱头马蹄形;在后者叶具羽状脉,冠筒筒状,不膨胀,柱头下唇倒梯形至线形。     

丰都车前的细胞学研究,兼论它的多倍体起源

对长江三峡库区特有濒危植物丰都车前(Plantago erosa var.fengdouensis)进行了细胞学研究,包括有丝分裂和减数分裂两方面.丰都车前可能为一异源四倍体。其核型公式为2n=4x=24=12m(2sat)+12sm(2sat),属于2A型.极端的环境压力尤其是季节性的水淹可能是此四倍体物种形成的主要原因。对同属内的另一物种车前(P.asiatica)进行了比较观察,确证车前为六倍体。该实验为丰都车前的保育遗传学研究提供了细胞学证据。     

Seed Morphology of Plantago in China and Its Taxonomic Significance

Studied in this work was seed morphology of the genus Plantago (2 subgenera, 8 sections, 17 species and １ variety )in China. The sculpture was observed under scanning election microscope. Four forms of seed morphology are recognized as follows: (1)Multi-angular type: seeds are variously angulate, yellow-brown or black, 6-30 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture ranges from reticulate to papillate. It occurs in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Polyneuron: P. scheideri, P. denstflorus, P. major, P. hostifolia, P. asiatica, P. erosa and P. centralis. (2) Navicular type: seeds are navicular, yellow, brown to black, 2 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture is reticulate. It was found in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Novorbis: P. virginica; Sect. Arnoglossum: P. lanceolata; Sect. Leucopsyllium: P. minuta, P. lessingii and P. aristata and Subgen. Psyllium Sect. Psyllium: P. indica. (3)Ovoid type: seeds are long-ovoid, yellow-brown, black and lustrous. Seed-coat sculpture scali-ratiform. P. maxima in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Lamprosantha belongs to this type. (4)Recti-circular type: seeds are recti-circular, yellow-brown, black, 1-2 or 4-5 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture is reticulate and papillate. It was found in P. maritima var. salsa of Subgen. Plantago Sect. Coronopus and P. depressa, P. camtschatica and P. arachnoidea of Sect. Mesembrynia. The seed morphology and seed-coat sculture exhibit specific characters, by which some of confused species can be clarified and a new species, P. densiflorus J. Z. Liu. is established. The present author’s seed morphology classification is in accordance with Pilger’s systemof the genus, which was established using other features.     

Pseudochirita guangxiensis var. glauca Y. G. Wei & Yan Liu,a new variety of the Gesneriaceae

Pseudochirita guangxiensis (S. Z. Huang) W. T. Wang var. glauca Y. G. Wei & Yan Liu, a new variety of the Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China, is described. It differs from the typical one, var. guangxiensis by having leaves subentire or with only inconspicuous obtuse serrations, stem and leaves densely adpressed tomentose, and corolla sparsely glandular puberulous outside.     

On the Type of the Genus Yinshania (Cruciferae)

When the genus Yinshania Ma et Y. Z. Zhao was published, it had only a single species, Y. albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao which was indicated as the type of the genus (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1979). Y. Z. Zhao 155. was indicated as the type specimen of Y. albiflora. It is adequate to cite Y. albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao as the type of genus Yinshania Ma et Y. Z. Zhao. In a revision (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(3): 204-219, 1987) Y. H. Zhang made a combintion, Yinshania acutangula (O. E. Schulz) Y. H. Zhang (=Cochlearia acutangula O. E. Schulz) and reduced Yinshania albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao as a variety of Y. acutangula,i. e. Y. acutangula var. albiflora (Ma et Y. Z. Zhao) Y. H. Zhang. She is uncorrect, however, when she cited Y. acutangula (O. E. Schulz) Y. H . Zhang as the type of the genus Yinshania Ma et Y. Z. Zhao. It should be cited as follows: Yinshania Ma et Y. Z. Zhao Typus generis: Yinshania albiflora Ma et Y. Z. Zhao (=Yinshania acutangula(O. E. Schulz) Y. H. Zhang var. albiflora (Ma et Y. Z. Zhao) Y. H. Zhang)     

中国广西苦苣苔科一新种--灵川小花苣苔

报道了在广西岩溶洞穴发现的苦苣苔科Gesnenaceae小花苣苔属Chiritopsis一新种——灵川小花苣苔C．lingchuanensis Yah Liu＆Y.G.Wei。本种因聚伞花序花稀疏,花冠白色,明显二唇形,上唇比下唇短3倍以上,退化雄蕊3而与羽裂小花苣苔C.bipinnatifida W .T．Wang相近,区别在于前者叶不裂,雄蕊被短柔毛。本种在叶形上还与小花苣苔C.repandaw T.Wang相近,不同在于后者花冠不明显二唇形,上下唇近等长,雄蕊无毛,退化雄蕊2。灵川小花苣苔的分布范围狭窄,目前仅见于一个岩溶洞穴的近洞口段,具明显的洞生习性。     

云南百合科球子草属一新种———粗穗球子草

对中国云南百合科一新种———粗穗球子草Peliosanthes pachystachya W.H.Chen&Y.M.Shui进行了描述和绘图。该新种的匍匐茎具长约18cm的节间,与匍匐球子草P.sinica Wang&Tang接近,但因叶具9-13条叶脉,花梗长9-10mm,无小苞片,花被片卵状三角形而明显不同。该新种因花被片卵状三角形,苞片披针形,也近似于长苞球子草P.ophiopogonoides Wang&Tang,但匍匐茎长,叶具9-13条叶脉,花梗长9-10mm,花葶和花序均较短而不同。     

Hemiboea rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu,a new species of Hemiboea (Gesneriaceae) from Guangxi,China

A new species of Gesneriaceae, Hemiboea rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu, is described from Guangxi, China. The new species is similar to H. cavaleriei Lévl. in its leaf form, but differs by its robust and rigid stem, red involucre, longer calyx lobes, corolla white and glabrous outside, lower lip of corolla 3-lobed to middle. Key words Hemiboea, Hemiboea rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu, Gesneriaceae, new species, Guangxi, China.     

芍药属牡丹组分类新注

自我们近年发表一系列牡丹组分类文章以来, 国内外基本上赞同我们8个种的分类系统,但对一些问题仍有不同见解。本文进一步申述牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews 是一个独立的种而不是人工杂种, 以及银屏牡丹P. suffruticosa ssp. yinpingmudan是牡丹P. suffruticosa的野生类型而不是逸生的P. ostii的理由。上述论点也得到了分子树的支持。P. jishanensis T. Hong &; W. Z. Zhao是一个合法名称, 而P. spontanea (Rehder) T. Hong &; W. Z. Zhao则确实是一个多余名。太白山紫斑牡丹的学名应是P. rockii ssp. atava (Brühl) D. Y. Hong &; K. Y. Pan, 因此P. moutan Sims ssp. atava Brühl不应是可疑的分类群。本文还对Halda的6个组合和两个杂交种名作了处理。结果, 本文包括了5个新异名和一个新组合。     

The Analysis of Morphological Characters and a Taxonomic Revision on Panzerina anata (L.) Sojak Complex (Labiatae)

Panzerina lanata ( L. ) Sojak complex is distributed on the Mongolia plateau. Twenty-two populations representing six species in the complex: P. lanata, P. alaschanica, P . kansuensis , P . albescens , P. argyracea and P . parviflora , were sampled throughout the range of the complex including 2 provinces and 3 autonomous regions. Extensive studies were carried out by comparison of wild collection and cultivation, and morphological analysis based on character evaluation and multivariate procedures. It is showed that there exists considerable phenotypic plasticity in some morphological characters, especially those of the root, caudex and leaf. However, the characters of flowers, capsules and seeds were less influenced by environments. The character analysis indicates that some characters, which were used to distinguish taxa of the complex, for example the degree of leaf division, the morphology of calyx and so on, are continuous in a wide range in wild populations. Some “species” in the complex described according to the differences in those characters are only extreme individuals within their continuous variation. As a result, the above analysis and their geographical distribution suggest that P. alaschanica , P. kansuensis , P. albescens be actually the extreme individuals within P. lanata. In the same way, P. argyracea is invalid. The principal components analysis of 11 morphological characters on the individuals from 22 populations shows no differences. Thus, this paper considers that characters such as nutlet with or without wart, size of corolla exceeding calyx or not and dry flowers with or without colour, may be used to distinguish taxa of this complex. From the above analysis, it is indicated finally that the six species in this complex are better reduced taxonomically into two species, namely P. lanata (L.) Sojak and P. parviflora (C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li) Y. Z. Zhao, the difference of two species as follow: Nutlet surface smooth; corolla, 2～2.2 cm long; flower white and unchanging after dry .......................................................... Panzerina parviflora Nutlet surface tuberculate; corolla, 2.5～ 4 cm long; flower white, but becoming yel- lowish after dry ....................................................... P. lanata     

Raphiocarpus jinpingensis,a New Species of Gesneriaceae in Yunnan,China

Raphiocarpus jinpingensis WH. Chen & YM. Shui, a new species of Gesneriaceae, is described and illustrated, from the Xilong Mountain of Jinping County in Yunnan, China, bordering to North Vietnam. The new species is similar as Rpetelotii (Pellegr.) Burtt in shapes of corolla and yellowish flowers, and differs from Rpetelotii mainly in its plants with dense pubescence and calyx tubes subequal to calyx lobes.Its pollen grains and seeds are reported here under Scanning Electonic Microscope (SEM).     

关于蒙古绣线菊毛枝变种及回折绣线菊的学名订正

支持将蒙古绣线菊毛枝变种提升为种的等级且于宁夏绣线菊同种,但其合法学名应为Spiraea tomentulosa(Yu)Y.Z.Zhao。与此同时,本文发现了真正的蒙古绣线菊的毛枝变种--S. mongolica Maxim.var.pubescens Y.Z.Zhao et T.J.Wang。     

Anagallidium rubrostriatum,a new species of the Gentianaceae from Nei Mongol,China

A new species of the genus Anagallidium Griseb.(Gentianaceae) from Nei Mongol, China, A. rubrostriatum Y. Z. Zhao, Z. Y. Zhu & L. Q. Zhao, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to A. dichotomum (L.) Griseb. in the flower tetramerous, pe     

外来入侵植物北美车前繁殖及光合生理生态学研究

 北美车前（Plantago virginica）原产北美,20世纪50年代进入我国华东地区,近年来其种群呈现爆发式增长态势,已分布到上海、浙江、江西、江苏等省区,是一种典型的生态入侵种。本文计测了该种在不同密度下的繁殖指标,统计了种群密度与繁殖指标间的关系;应用LAC-4 (ADC英国)光合和蒸腾系统测定了该种及其伴生杂草一年蓬（Erigeron annuus）、小飞蓬（Conyza canadensis）、野塘蒿（Conyza bonarinsis）、马缨丹（Lantana camara）、空心莲子草（Alternathera philoxeroides）、菊芋（Helianthus tuberoses）、蓖麻（Ricinus communis）、紫茉莉（Mirabilis jalapa）、车前（Plantago asiatica）、苦苣菜（Sonchus oleraceus）、羊蹄（Rumex japonicus）、藜（Chenopedium album）和黄鹌菜（Youngia japonica）等杂草的光合作用指标,作出了它们的光合 光响应曲线。主要实验结果有：1）北美车前个体花穗重（Y1）、花数／穗（Y2）与种群密度（X）呈现倒数关系（Y1 = 0.138 2+15.959 8/X, Y2 = 46.306 9+6 914.07/X）;随着种群密度增加,北美车前的繁殖投资（Y3）、与繁殖投资关系密切的种子数／营养器官重（Y4）呈线性增加（Y3 = 0.046 9＋0.000 2X,Y4 = 130.24＋0.023 9 X）; 2） 随着北美车前种群密度的增加,个体间的大小不整齐性（Y5）变小(Y5 = 0.374 8 - 0.000 02X);　3）种群个体间大小不整齐性（Y5）与繁殖投资（X）呈明显负相关(Y5 = 0.379 3 - 0.106 6 X),即随着个体大小不整齐性的增加,北美车前种群的繁殖投资减少;4）以自然条件下测得的光合作用数据为基础,拟合得到了北美车前及其它13种伴生杂草的光合 光响应曲线。北美车前的光合 光响应曲线符合Y= - 7E-06X2+0.022 3X-0.831 2,光补偿点、光饱和点和最大净光合速率分别为37.32 μmol·m－2·s－1、159 3 μmol·m－2·s－1和16.93 μmol CO2·m－2·s－1,说明北美车前是典型的阳生杂草。从光补偿点分析,北美车前的耐荫能力比车前、黄鹌菜、小飞蓬、一年蓬、野塘蒿、蓖麻、加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)、苦苣菜、羊蹄和马缨丹的要弱;北美车前净光合速率比一年蓬、小飞蓬、野塘蒿和加拿大一枝黄花等要低些,但是比藜、苦苣菜、蓖麻等的要高,与同属的车前比较接近;5）在5月下旬,杂草性极强的一年蓬、小飞蓬和空心莲子草的光合午休现象不明显,逸生杂草紫茉莉具有明显的光午休现象,北美车前是早春杂草,在5月下旬也有明显的光合午休现象,反映出该种不能够很好地适生于5月下旬的高温强光环境。通过分析,得出如下结论：1）随着种群密度的增加,北美车前产生种群自疏作用,使个体大小不整齐性下降;高密度给北美车前种群造成某种逆境状态,种群以r-对策的生存方式适应环境,提高其繁殖投资,产生尽可能多的种子,以保证后代的生存,这反映出北美车前在繁殖策略上灵活的调节能力;2）北美车前种群在定居后,如果定居点不再受到人为干扰,其种群将被快速更替,这与其粘液性的种子、较高的光补偿点有关;3）通过保护植被,定植高秆植物,减少对环境的干扰,能够有效地治理该外来杂草。