IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症患者的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症患者的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年1月于我院进行治疗的IgA肾病患者149例的病理资料,根据高尿酸血症发生情况分为高尿酸血症组（n=65）,正常尿酸组（n=84）。比较两组病理特征,收集患者年龄、性别、BMI、性别、高血压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血白蛋白、血胆固醇、甘油三酯、24 h尿蛋白定量、IL-6、IL-1及胱抑素C及CRP等资料,分析高尿酸血症发生的危险因素。结果：两组患者年龄、BMI、CRP差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;性别、高血压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血白蛋白、血胆固醇、甘油三酯、24 h尿蛋白定量、IL-6、IL-1及胱抑素C与IgA肾病患者发生高尿酸血症相关（P<0.05）;高尿酸组患者球性硬化、节段硬化、新月体形成、小管萎缩、间质炎性浸润及间质纤维化发生率均显著高于正常尿酸组,差异显著（P<0.05）;多因素非条件Logistic分析显示,性别、高血压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血白蛋白、血胆固醇、甘油三酯、24 h尿蛋白定量、IL-6、IL-1及胱抑素C均是IgA肾病患者发生高尿酸血症的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：患者性别、高血压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血白蛋白、血胆固醇、甘油三酯、24 h尿蛋白定量、IL-6、IL-1及胱抑素C均是IgA肾病患者发生高尿酸血症的危险因素,临床上对于具有危险因素的患者引起重视,提高治疗效果。     

影响早期糖尿病肾病预后危险因素探讨分析

目的：探讨研究影响早期糖尿病肾病（DN）预后的主要危险因素,为延缓早期糖尿病肾病向糖尿病终末期肾病进展提供依据。方法：回顾性分析52例旱期DN的临床、实验室及治疗等,临床资料,了解年龄、控制血糖、血压、血脂、尿蛋白对旱期糖尿病肾病预后的影响。结果：50岁以下早期糖尿病肾病患者5年进展为终末期肾病高达25％,明显低于50岁以上的患者（75％）。血糖、血压、血红蛋白、血浆白蛋白、血脂、尿蛋白等指标控制良好的早期糖尿病肾病的预后明显好于控制不佳者（P〈0．05）。结论：控制血糖、血压、血脂、尿蛋白和不吸烟或戒烟对改善早期糖尿病肾病的预后、提高患者生活质量、延长患者的肾存活期和生存期有着十分重要的意义、     

肾细胞癌淋巴结转移预测指标的Logistic回归分析

目的：研究肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的危险因素,并建立Logistic回归模型。方法：2002年2月-2010年10月我院手术治疗的肾细胞癌163例,对其临床病理资料进行单因素和多因素的Logistic回归分析。结果：淋巴结转移的发生率为20．9％（34／163）。单因素分析显示：肿瘤大小、临床分期、Fuhrman核分级和贫血与肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的风险有关（P〈0．05）;多因素分析显示：肿瘤大小、临床分期和Fuhrman核分级是RCC淋巴结转移独立的风险因素。结论：肾细胞癌淋巴结转移的风险与肿瘤大小、临床分期和Fuhrman核分级有关,Logistic回归模型对于判断预后、指导术后治疗及随访方案的制订具有重要作用。     

IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症的临床分析

目的：探讨血清尿酸对IgA肾病临床,病理及预后的影响,为临床治疗和预后评估提供依据。方法：分析我院2011年1月-2012年1月149例经肾穿活检确诊为原发性IgA肾病患者的临床和病理资料。采用t检验和X2检验进行统计学处理。结果：（1）伴高尿酸血症IgA肾病的发病率为30.2%,男性偏多,男女发病率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。（2）女性高尿酸血症组BUN、Cys-C、Scr水平显著高于尿酸正常组（P〈0.05）,男性两组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,而血清UA水平无论男女高尿酸血症组均显著高于尿酸正常组（P〈0.05）;尿酸正常组血清BUN、UA、Cys-C、Scr水平男性显著高于女性（P〈0.05）,高尿酸血症组血清UA水平男性显著高于女性（P〈0.05）;血清IgA、C3、IgA/C3比值无论男女,高尿酸血症组与尿酸正常组均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。（3）高尿酸血症组病理改变以Ⅳ-Ⅴ多见（57.8%）,而正常尿酸组则以Ⅰ-Ⅱ为主（46.2%）,血尿酸正常组与高尿酸血症组Lee＇s分级构成比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：伴有高尿酸血症的IgA肾病患者男性血尿酸水平高于女性,但血尿酸水平升高对女性肾功能影响更大;高尿酸血症对血清IgA,C3水平的变化影响不大;伴高尿酸血症IgA肾病病理改变程度较尿酸正常组更加严重。     

大鼠IgA肾病模型的建立及血清中IL-6、FN、NO的检测

目的建立大鼠IgA肾病（IgAN）模型,测定大鼠血清中的白介素-6（IL-6）、纤维结合蛋白（FN）、一氧化氮（NO）,探讨这些指标水平的变化与IgAN免疫损伤的相关性,为临床治疗提供动物实验研究依据。方法24只大鼠被随机分成3组,每组8只。模型组和治疗组用免疫复合物法复制;正常对照组用生理盐水。10周后,治疗组大鼠被给予雷公藤多甙片3周。留取所有大鼠血清测定IL-6、FN、NO;留取所有大鼠尿液测定红细胞（RBC）、总蛋白量（TPR）;留取所有大鼠肾组织作病理学检查。结果模型组中大鼠尿液中RBC、TPR含量较治疗组及正常对照组显著增高（P〈0．01）;血清中的IL-6、FN的水平较治疗组及正常对照组显著增高（P〈0．01）;血清中的NO水平较治疗组及正常对照组显著降低（P〈0．01）。治疗组的大鼠肾组织病理损伤程度较模型组明显减轻（P〈0．01）。结论血清中的IL-6、FN及NO的水平与RBC数、TPR及肾组织病理损伤程度相关,它们可作为观察IgAN治疗效果的重要指标,也可作为IgAN严重性的预测指标。下调血中的IL-6、FN及上调NO的水平,可减少IgA与FN免疫复合物的形成,从而改善肾组织的免疫损伤。     

糖尿病肾病合并非糖尿病肾病的临床病理分析

目的：分析糖尿病肾病合并非糖尿病肾病的临床病理特点。方法：选取我院肾内科收治的临床诊断为糖尿病肾病的患者56 例,肾脏穿刺进行肾脏活体组织检查,通过病理诊断将患者分为两组,分别为糖尿病肾病组和糖尿病肾病合并非糖尿病肾病组, 比较两组患者的糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白、血压、血肌酐、血尿素氮、血尿酸、血清白蛋白、尿蛋白定量、血尿、视网膜病变。结果： 经肾脏组织活检,56例患者中NDRD 患者24 例(42.9%),DN患者32 例(57.1%);对24 例NDRD患者进行病理类型分类,其中IgA 肾病33.0%,膜性肾病25.0%、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎20.2%、高血压肾损害8.3%、微小病变4.2%、局灶节段硬化性肾炎4.2%、新 月体性肾小球肾炎4.2%。与DN组比较,NDRD 组糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白、血尿、视网膜病变均有差异(P＜0.05);而血肌酐、血 尿素氮、血尿酸、血清白蛋白、尿蛋白定量均无明显差异(P＞0.05)。结论：临床诊断的糖尿病肾病患者中有很大一部分实际上为糖 尿病肾病合并非糖尿病肾病,且以IgA 型肾病比较多见,糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白、血尿、视网膜病变对鉴别二者具有一定的指 导意义。     

单中心研究2型糖尿病合并高血压的相关危险因素

目的：探讨2型糖尿病合并高血压的相关危险因素。方法：186例2型糖尿病患者分为并发高血压组（A组136例）患者和正常血压组（B组50例）,对其进行问卷及体格检查,分别观察患者性别、年龄、病程、体重指数、腰围、腰臀围比（ⅦR）、高血压家族史、糖尿病家族史并加以分析。结果：A组患鼻上73．1％;两组间性别、年龄、病程差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）,A组患者体重指数（BMI）、腰臀围比（WHR）、腰围、高血压家族史比例显著高于B组患者（P〈0．05-〈0．01）,B组糖尿病家族史比例显著高于A组（p〈0．05）。结论：高的BMI、腰围、腰臀围比（WHR）以及高血压家族史增加2型糖尿病合并高血压发生的危险。     

中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、尿胱抑素C水平联合检测对肾功能评价的临床意义

目的：探讨中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、胱抑素C和免疫球蛋白水平检测在儿童过敏性紫癜（HSP）早期肾损害诊断中的应用价值及相关性。方法：将60患儿分为HSP普通型组30例、HSP肾型组30例,另随机选择同期门诊体检儿童60例为对照组,检测受试者血浆NGAL、尿胱抑素和免疫球蛋白（IgA、IgM、IgG）的水平。结果：3组患儿NGAL、胱抑素C和IgA水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;3组IgM、IgG之间比较,差异无统计学意3k（P〉0．05）。HSP肾型组较NGAL、胱抑素c和IgA含量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（x。122．4,28．3,19．7,P〈0．05）;HSP肾型组NGAL、胱抑素C和Iga含量高于HSP普通型组,差异有统计学意义（x^2=25．7,32．6,22．1,P〈0．05）。NGAL与胱抑素C呈正相关（r=12．36,P〈0．05）;NGAL与IgA呈正相关（r=17．01,P〈0．05）;胱抑素C与IgA呈正相关（r=22．25,P〈0．05）。结论：NGAL、胱抑素和免疫球蛋白水平对于HSP的诊断具有一定的价值,尤其对患儿肾功能早期损害的诊断,早期联合检测三者的水平,适时地给予预防性治疗,对保护HSP患儿的脏器功能、改善预后具有重要的临床意义。     

影响早期糖尿病肾病预后危险因素探讨分析

目的:探讨研究影响早期糖尿病肾病(DN)预后的主要危险因素,为延缓早期糖尿病肾病向糖尿病终末期肾病进展提供依据。方法:回顾性分析52例早期DN的临床、实验室及治疗等临床资料,了解年龄、控制血糖、血压、血脂、尿蛋白对早期糖尿病肾病预后的影响。结果:50岁以下早期糖尿病肾病患者5年进展为终末期肾病高达25%,明显低于50岁以上的患者(75%)。血糖、血压、血红蛋白、血浆白蛋白、血脂、尿蛋白等指标控制良好的早期糖尿病肾病的预后明显好于控制不佳者(P<0.05)。结论:控制血糖、血压、血脂、尿蛋白和不吸烟或戒烟对改善早期糖尿病肾病的预后、提高患者生活质量、延长患者的肾存活期和生存期有着十分重要的意义。     

巨噬细胞移动抑制因子在IgA肾病中的表达及意义

目的研究巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)在不同病变程度IgA肾病中的表达变化,探讨其对IgA肾病进展的影响。方法应用免疫组织化学双标记技术检测正常对照组及不同病变程度IgA肾病患者肾组织内MIF和人巨噬细胞标记抗原CD68的表达。肾组织病理改变采用常规病理学方法观察。详细收集每例患者肾活检时的24小时尿蛋白定量(TUPr)及内生肌酐清除率(CCr),并与免疫病理结果进行相关分析。结果对照组和IgA肾病轻度组仅有少量MIF和CD68表达。中、重度病变组较对照组及轻度病变组MIF和CD68的表达显著增加(P<0.05);MIF和CD68的表达之间具有显著相关性(P<0.05);肾组织内MIF、CD68及MIF /CD68 表达与TUPr及CCr具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论肾组织内MIF表达上调所导致的巨噬细胞浸润增加是IgA肾病进展的重要机制之一。     

Relationship Between Hyperuricemia and Chronic Kidney Disease

Because approximately 70% of uric acid is excreted from the kidney, hyperuricemia occurs when renal function deteriorates. Until now, it has not been clear if the hyperuricemia seen in such renal diseases plays a role in the progression of renal disease. However, recent clinical studies show that the serum uric acid value is closely associated with hypertension in hyperuricemic patients (cross-sectional study), and also with the onset of hypertension (longitudinal study). Furthermore, one interesting report shows that treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol lowers blood pressure in juvenile essential hypertension patients with hyperuricemia. In addition, it is well known that hyperuricemia is closely associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a risk factor for renal insufficiency in general populations, and is a poor prognostic factor of renal function in patients who also have IgA nephropathy. On the other hand, in intervention studies on hyperuricemia, the treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol in CKD has resulted in a fall in blood pressure and inhibition of the progression of renal damage. Conversely, the cessation of allopurinol treatment in CKD was followed by a rise in blood pressure and the development of renal damage. Furthermore, the rise of blood pressure and development of renal damage following cessation of allopurinol treatment are only seen in patients not receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). This suggests that the renin angiotensin (RA) system plays an important role in the development of hypertension and renal damage from hyperuricemia.     

Relationship between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease

Because approximately 70% of uric acid is excreted from the kidney, hyperuricemia occurs when renal function deteriorates. Until now, it has not been clear if the hyperuricemia seen in such renal diseases plays a role in the progression of renal disease. However, recent clinical studies show that the serum uric acid value is closely associated with hypertension in hyperuricemic patients (cross-sectional study), and also with the onset of hypertension (longitudinal study). Furthermore, one interesting report shows that treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol lowers blood pressure in juvenile essential hypertension patients with hyperuricemia. In addition, it is well known that hyperuricemia is closely associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a risk factor for renal insufficiency in general populations, and is a poor prognostic factor of renal function in patients who also have IgA nephropathy. On the other hand, in intervention studies on hyperuricemia, the treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol in CKD has resulted in a fall in blood pressure and inhibition of the progression of renal damage. Conversely, the cessation of allopurinol treatment in CKD was followed by a rise in blood pressure and the development of renal damage. Furthermore, the rise of blood pressure and development of renal damage following cessation of allopurinol treatment are only seen in patients not receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). This suggests that the renin angiotensin (RA) system plays an important role in the development of hypertension and renal damage from hyperuricemia.     

苯那普利联合氯沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床研究

目的：研究苯那普利联合氯沙坦对2型糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy,DN）患者肾功能以及血浆脂联素（adiponectin,APN）和高敏C反应蛋白（highsensitivity-C responseprotein,hs-CRP）的影响。方法：选择我院心血管内科住院的2型糖尿病肾病患者42例,均符合早期糖尿病肾病的诊断标准,给予苯那普利10-20mg治疗3个月后,给予苯那普利10mg联合氯沙坦50mg-100mg再治疗3个月,检测和比较治疗前后患者血肌酐（Scr）和24小时尿蛋白定量（24h—UPE）以及血浆hs-CRP和APN水平。结果：苯那普利治疗3个月后,患者的Scr、24h—UPE和hs-CRP水平较治疗前明显降低;血浆APN水平较治疗前明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。而苯那普利联合氯沙坦再治疗3个月后,患者的Scr、24h-UPE水平和hs-CRP水平较苯那普利治疗3月时更低,血浆APN水平较苯那普利治疗3个月时更高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：苯那普利联合氯沙坦治疗可更好地保护早期糖尿病肾病患者的肾功能,这可能与其提高血浆APN水平和降低CRP水平有关。     

Proteinuria during Follow-Up Period and Long-Term Renal Survival of Childhood IgA Nephropathy

Background

Proteinuria is the most important risk factor for IgA nephropathy progression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term outcome and risk factors for poor prognosis in childhood IgA nephropathy.

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy between 1972 and 1992 at the Tokyo Metropolitan Kiyose Children’s Hospital were included. We analyzed risk factors for progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) using Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analyses of Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

One hundred patients were included and the median observation period was 11.8 years. Twelve and 17 patients progressed to ESKD and CRI, respectively. The survival probabilities were 90.0% at 10 years and 79.8% at 20 years for ESKD, and 86.1% at 10 years and 72.3% at 20 years for CRI. Notably, patients with heavy proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia during follow-up period showed extremely poor prognosis. In this group, the survival rate at 10 years from ESKD and CRI was 40.6% and 20.8%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, proteinuria at diagnosis and proteinuria during follow-up period were risk factors for ESKD, whereas glomeruli showing mesangial proliferation ≥50% and proteinuria during follow-up period were risk factors for CRI. Patients without heavy proteinuria during follow-up period did not develop CRI and 63% of patients with mild proteinuria during follow-up period showed no proteinuria at the last observation.

Conclusions

The degree of proteinuria during follow-up period is the strongest risk factor for ESKD and CRI.     

Who gets renal bone disease before beginning dialysis?

To identify patients at risk from renal bone disease we compared the demographic characteristics of 243 patients with end stage renal failure grouped according to the presence (97 (40%] or absence of severe renal bone disease as judged by histological criteria. Youth, female sex, tubulointerstitial types of nephropathy, and a long duration of uraemia were all identified as significant independent risk factors for the development of bone disease. The relative risks from being female and having tubulointerstitial renal disease were separately identifiable when the estimated observation of renal failure was short (less than four years). The identification of patients at high risk from bone disease may clarify the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of renal osteodystrophy.     

重症急性肾损伤患者经连续性肾脏替代治疗后肾功能恢复的影响因素

目的：通过研究重症急性肾损伤患者经连续性’肾脏替代治疗后肾功能恢复的影响因素,为重症急性肾损伤患者的诊治及预后提供科学依据。方法：选取2009年7月至2013年10月本院住院且采用CRRT治疗的284例重症急性肾损伤患者,记录患者的一般资料、APACHEII评分、血液生化指标、伴随症状及肾功能预后情况,将预后情况和各影响因素进行Logistic回归分析得出影响。肾功能恢复的影响因素。结果：284例重症急性肾损伤患者中,肾功能恢复有89例（31．33％）;肾功能恢复组的年龄、衰竭器官数、APACHEⅡ评分、动脉血二氧化碳分压、合并慢性肾脏病率及合并严重基础疾病率均低于肾功能未恢复组,而平均动脉压和血小板计数高于肾功能未恢复组（P〈0．05）,两组间合并机械通气率和合并少／无尿率无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;衰竭器官数、APAC—HEⅡ评分、合并严重基础疾病及AKl分期为CRRT治疗重症急性肾损伤患者肾功能恢复的危险因素。结论：CRRT治疗重症急性肾损伤的主要危险因素为衰竭器官数、APACHEⅡ评分、合并严重基础疾病及AKl分期。在临床治疗中,应正确评估病情,早期及时采取CRRT治疗,以提高生存率,促进肾脏功能恢复。