辛伐他汀治疗门诊冠心病患者心律失常的效果

目的探讨辛伐他汀治疗门诊冠心病患者心律失常的效果。方法选取2017年9月～2018年9月在我院门诊就诊的冠心病患者120例为研究对象,根据患者用药情况进行分组,其中对照组60例给予常规治疗,观察组60例给予他汀类药物治疗,观察比较两组患者的临床治疗效果及心律失常情况。结果观察组患者的治疗总有效率为95.00%,明显高于对照组的70.00%(P0.05);观察组患者中4例发生心律失常明显低于对照组的14例,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论他汀类药物治疗门诊冠心病患者,临床治疗效果好,能缓解患者不适症状,降低心律失常的发生率,值得临床推广使用。     

多巴酚丁胺联合胺碘酮在ICU心律失常患者中应用及对相关蛋白影响

摘要 目的：探讨ICU心律失常患者在临床治疗中,应用多巴酚丁胺联合胺碘酮这一治疗方案进行治疗的效果。方法：抽取我院2019年4月至2022年5月收治的72例ICU中发生心律失常的患者,以平均法分为对照组和实验组,各36例,对照组予以多巴酚丁胺治疗,实验组应用多巴酚丁胺+胺碘酮治疗,对比两组心功能指标、BNP和hs-CRP水平、心律失常发生次数、平均心率、临床疗效、不良心血管事件发生情况及药物安全性。结果：治疗前两组患者的LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD水平无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者的LVEF水平升高,LVEDD、LVESD水平均降低,并且治疗后实验组患者的以上指标变化幅度大于对照组（P＞0.05）;治疗前两组患者的BNP、hs-CRP水平无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组水平均降低,并且治疗后实验组BNP、hs-CRP水平均较对照组低（P＞0.05）;治疗前两组患者的心律失常发生次数及平均心率无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者的心律失常发生次数及平均心率均降低,并且治疗后实验组心律失常发生次数较对照组少,平均心率较对照组低（P＞0.05）;实验组患者临床治疗有效率为94.44 %,对照组患者的临床治疗有效率为69.44 %,实验组患者临床治疗有效率高于对照组（P＞0.05）;实验组不良心血管事件发生率和不良反应发生率均较对照组低（P＞0.05）。结论：多巴酚丁胺联合胺碘酮对改善ICU心律失常患者心功能,减少心律失常次数,稳定心率,降低脑钠肽水平和超敏C反应蛋白水平有显著的治疗效果,且患者在治疗后发生的不良心血管事件及药物不良反应少,有着令人满意的药物安全性。     

舍曲林辅助治疗对抑郁症合并冠心病患者血清炎症 因子水平及预后的影响

目的：探讨舍曲林辅助治疗对抑郁症合并冠心病患者血清炎症因子水平及预后的影响。方法：选择2009 年8 月～2011 年8 月我院收治的86 例抑郁症合并冠心病患者,将其随机分入对照组与观察组,40 例对照组患者接受冠心病常规治疗,46 例观察组 患者在常规治疗基础上给予舍曲林口服,每次50～100 mg,每日1 次,疗程24 周。比较两组治疗期间心血管事件发生率、治疗前 后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分及血清炎症因子超敏C- 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha（TNF-alpha）及白介素-6（IL-6）的变 化。结果：观察组心血管不良事件发生率显著低于对照组(13.0 %vs 32.5%,P<0.05);观察组治疗后HAMD 评分、血清hs-CRP、 TNF-alpha及IL-6 水平显著均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：舍曲林辅助治疗可显著改善抑郁症合并冠心病患者的抑郁状态,降低 炎症因子水平并改善其预后。     

氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片对高血压合并冠心病的临床疗效分析

目的：探讨氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片对高血压合并冠心病的临床疗效。方法：选取我院于2008年6月-2011年12月收治的高血压合并冠心病确诊患者58例,并在知情同意的前提下将其随机平均分组,观察组与对照组各29例,对照组使用阿托伐他汀治疗,观察组使用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,疗程结束后对比两组患者的血压、心电图及不良反应等指标,分析治疗效果及安全性。结果：对照组治疗后血压及心电图改善有效率分别为72.4%及55.2%,观察组为96.6%及93.1%,观察组改善情况明显优于对照组;两组患者并发症发生率均为10.3%,无明显统计学差异。结论：氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病具有疗效显著、安全性高、治疗费用低等优点,值得临床广泛推广。     

动态心电图对无症状性心肌缺血的诊断价值

目的:研究动态心电图对无症状性心肌缺血的临床诊断价值。方法:收集我院2014年6月-2015年6月我院接受诊治的冠心病(CAD)患者120例作为研究对象,采用动态心电图仪检测记录24h心电图信息,将动态心电图检测为心肌缺血的患者分为A组(无症状心肌缺血)、B组(有症状心肌缺血),比较两组患者基本信息、心肌缺血发作阵次、ST段下降幅度、ST段下降持续时间、心肌缺血阈变异性、心率及心率失常发生率。结果:120例CAD患者中有95例患者出现心肌缺血,其中A组66例(占69.47%),B组29例(占30.53%),差异显著(P0.05)。A组ST段阵次改变明显高于B组,A组ST段下降幅度、ST段下降持续时间、心肌缺血阈变异性明显低于B组(P0.05)。A、B两组患者心肌缺血发作表现出昼夜节律,在时间段6:00-12:00最高,在时间段0:00-6:00最低(P0.05)。A组患者平均心率显著低于B组患者,心律失常发生率显著高于B组(P0.05)。结论:动态心电图能够准确的诊断出无临床症状心肌缺血,使患者得到及时的治疗,值得临床推广应用。     

舍曲林辅助治疗对抑郁症合并冠心病患者血清炎症因子水平及预后的影响

目的：探讨舍曲林辅助治疗对抑郁症合并冠心病患者血清炎症因子水平及预后的影响。方法：选择2009年8月-2011年8月我院收治的86例抑郁症合并冠心病患者,将其随机分入对照组与观察组,40例对照组患者接受冠心病常规治疗,46例观察组患者在常规治疗基础上给予舍曲林口服,每次504100mg,每日1次,疗程24周。比较两组治疗期间心血管事件发生率、治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分及血清炎症因子超敏c-反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）及白介素-6（IL-6）的变化．结果：观察组心血管不良事件发生率显著低于对照组（13．0％VS32．5％,P〈0．05）;观察组治疗后HAMD评分、血清hs—CRP、TNF一双及IL-6水平显著均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：舍曲林辅助治疗可显著改善抑郁症合并冠心病患者的抑郁状态,降低炎症因子水平并改善其预后．     

扩张型心肌病患者恶性室性心律失常与心率变异性关系分析

目的:了解扩张型心肌病患者恶性心律失常(MVA)与心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的关系,探讨扩心病患者体内自主神经变化的临床意义。方法:选择扩心病患者48例作为研究对象,同时按照年龄配对,取48例正常者作为对照组,对其行24小时动态心电图检查,依据其是否出现恶性心律失常分为恶性室性心律失常(MVA+)组及单纯扩张型心肌病(MVA-)组,分析组间HRV的差异。结果:与对照组比较,单纯扩张型心肌病(MVA-)组HRV时域指标(SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD)均有降低(P<0.05)L与(MVA-)组相比,恶性室性心律失常(MVA+)组HRV相关指标进一步降低(P<0.05)。结论:自主神经功能异常是扩张型心肌病患者恶性心律失常的重要危险因子,可能可以用HRV预测其发生恶性心律失常危险性。     

不同类型慢性心力衰竭患者临床特征及心功能危险因素、预后影响因素分析

摘要 目的：分析不同类型慢性心力衰竭患者临床特征及心功能危险因素、预后影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2020年1月-2022年1月我院收治的慢性心力衰竭患者80例，根据左室射血分数（LVEF）分为A组（n=25，LVEF<30%）、B组（n=25，LVEF 40%~50%）、C组（n=25，LVEF≥50%）三组，另根据随访1年后是否存活分为生存组（n=51）和死亡组（n=29）。比较不同组别临床相关指标，采用Pearson检验分析患者临床特征与慢性心力衰竭患者心功能、预后之间的相关性，采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响慢性心力衰竭患者心功能、预后的独立危险因素。结果：A组的心率及患有冠心病、心律失常1年以上、合并非心血管疾病人数占比、LAD、RAD、Scr、Hcy水平高于B组和C组（P<0.05）。死亡组的心率及患有冠心病、心律失常1年以上、LAD、RAD、Scr水平明显高于生存组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性检验显示，心率、冠心病、心律失常、合并非心血管疾病、LAD、RAD、Scr、Hcy水平与慢性心力衰竭患者心功能之间呈正相关（P<0.05）；心率、冠心病、心律失常、LAD、RAD、Scr水平与慢性心力衰竭患者预后之间呈正相关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，心率、冠心病、心律失常、合并非心血管疾病、LAD、RAD、Scr、Hcy水平是影响慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的独立危险因素（P<0.05）；心率、冠心病、心律失常、LAD、RAD、Scr水平是影响慢性心力衰竭患者预后的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：心率、冠心病、心律失常、LAD、RAD、Scr水平与慢性心力衰竭患者心功能、预后之间均呈正相关，是影响慢性心力衰竭患者心功能、预后的独立危险因素，可用来预测慢性心力衰竭的发生。     

两种剂型美托洛尔对不稳定心绞痛患者心率变异性及QT离散度的影响及疗效观察

目的:探讨两种剂型美托洛尔对冠心病不稳定心绞痛患者心率变异性(HRV)及QT离散度的影响及观察两种剂型美托洛尔对不稳定心绞痛患者的临床疗效.方法:100例不稳定心绞痛患者被随机分为平片组及缓释片组,在常规冠心病治疗基础上,分别服用美托洛尔平片(25mg)和缓释片(23.75)开始,逐步增加剂量,观察治疗前后HRV及QT离散度的情况及观察两种剂型美托洛尔对不稳定心绞痛患者的临床疗效情况.结果:与治疗前比较,两组治疗14d后平片组与缓释片组HRV、QT离散度指标均改善,缓释片组优于平片组(P＜0.05),美托洛尔平片治疗组总有效率为80％,美托洛尔缓释片治疗组总有效率为84％.结论:应用美托洛尔缓释片治疗不稳定性心绞痛比美托洛尔平片在控制心率变异性及QT离散度方面更好,在本研究中,美托洛尔与琥珀酸美托洛尔均能改善不稳定心绞痛患者预后,但两者比较对疗效无明显差异.     

血清同型半胱氨酸、脂联素、高敏C反应蛋白水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度在老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死患者中的意义

目的：观察血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、脂联素（APN）、高敏C反应蛋白（hs．CRP）水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（1MT）在老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死患者中的意义。方法：选择2008年5月至2012年5月在我院就诊的2型糖尿病患者218例,按照是否合并脑梗死分为糖尿病伴脑梗死组（105例）和单纯糖尿病组（113例）。选择同期健康体检者30例为健康对照组。观察三组血清Hcy、APN、hs—CRP和IMT的水平变化。结果：糖尿病伴脑梗死组和单纯糖尿病组的血清Hcy、hs—CRP和IMT的水平均较正常对照组明显提高（P〈0．01）,糖尿病伴脑梗死组以上指标显著高于单纯糖尿病组（P〈0．01）;而糖尿病伴脑梗死组和单纯糖尿病组的血清APN的水平较正常对照组明显降低（P〈0．01）,糖尿病伴脑梗死组血清APN的水平较单纯糖尿病组显著降低（P〈0．01）。血清Hcy和hs—CRP水平随着1MT的严重程度增加而升高（P〈0．01）,而APN水平随着IMT严重程度升高而降低（P〈0．01）。结论：糖尿病伴脑梗死的患者大血管病变较单纯糖尿病患者更为严重,颈动脉IMT与Hcy和hs—cRP呈正相关,而与APN呈负相关。     

Can n-3 PUFA reduce cardiac arrhythmias? Results of a clinical trial

Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derived from fatty fish or fish oil may reduce the incidence of lethal myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. This might be due to a prevention of fatal cardiac arrhythmias. So far, however, only few clinical data are available being adequate to define indications for an antiarrhythmic treatment with n-3 PUFA. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 65 patients with cardiac arrhythmias without coronary heart disease or heart failure were subdivided into 2 groups. One group (n = 33) was supplemented with encapsulated fish oil (3g/day, equivalent to 1g/day of n-3 PUFA) over 6 months. The other group (n = 32) was given 3g/day of olive oil as placebo. In the fish oil group a decrease of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, plasma free fatty acids and thromboxane B2 as well as an increase of HDL cholesterol were observed. Moreover, a reduced incidence of atrial and ventricular premature complexes, couplets and triplets were documented. Accordingly, higher grades of Lown's classification switched to lower grades at the end of the dietary period. No changes were seen in the placebo group. The data indicate an antiarrhythmic action of n-3 PUFA under conditions of clinical practice which might help to explain the reduced incidence of fatal myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in cohorts on a fish-rich diet or supplemented with n-3 PUFA. Further studies elucidating the possible link between the reduced incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death by dietary intake of n-3 PUFA are warranted.     

Late outcome of patients with myocardial infarction complicated by mural thrombi in the left heart ventricle]

The study was aimed at the evaluating of the remote clinical course and death rate in patients with myocardial infarction, in whom mural thrombi in the left cardiac ventricle were diagnosed during hospitalization. During a 24-month follow up, 23 (20%) out of 116 patients died, including 10 (43.5%) patients with myocardial infarction complicated with mural thrombi during hospitalization. There were 39% of sudden deaths. Ninety three (80%) patients, including 27 (29%) patients of the group with myocardial infarction complicated with mural thrombi in left ventricle during hospitalization, were reported for the ambulatory examination. Features of the postinfarction heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, the second myocardial infarction or exacerbations of the coronary disease which required hospitalization were significantly more frequent in this group.     

n-3 Fatty acids, cardiac arrhythmia and fatal coronary heart disease

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are suggested to prevent cardiac death via inhibition of cardiac arrhythmia. In this review we discuss the results of human studies on intake of n-3 PUFAs and heart disease and, more specifically, on cardiac arrhythmia. Observational studies indicate that intake of fish is associated with a lower incidence of fatal coronary heart disease in several populations. These studies are fairly consistent, but people that have a high intake of fatty fish might have a healthier lifestyle in general, and such confounding is difficult to remove completely with statistical adjustments and corrections. Evidence from trials is less clear. In two open label trials in patients with a previous myocardial infarction intake of fish or fish oil prevented fatal coronary heart disease. In contrast, a trial in patients with angina suggested a higher risk of sudden cardiac death in patients taking fish oil. Furthermore, results of trials in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) that investigated effects of fish oil on arrhythmia in patients already suffering from ventricular tachycardia are not consistent. Also, studies on relationships between intake of n-3 PUFA from fish and less life-threatening forms of arrhythmia, such as atrial fibrillation and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are equivocal. Thus, after 35 years of research the question whether fish prevents heart disease remains unanswered, and an anti-arrhythmic effect of fish oil remains unproven although the idea is still viable and is being actively tested in further trials.     

纤维蛋白原与冠心病PCI介入治疗围术期心肌梗死的相关性

目的:探讨纤维蛋白原与冠心病介入治疗围术期心肌梗死的相关性。方法:2013年1月到2015年1月,选择在我院进行诊治的冠心病患者92例,都给予PCI介入手术治疗,在手术前后进行纤维蛋白原与心功能的测定,对围术期心肌梗死发生情况与临床资料进行调查与分析。结果:所有患者都介入手术治疗成功,术后LVESVI与LVEDVI值都明显低于术前(P0.05),而术后LVEF值明显高于术前(P0.05);术后患者的血浆纤维蛋白原值为3.66±0.42 g/L,明显低于术前的7.45±0.56 g/L(P0.05)。围手术期发生心肌梗死8例,发生率为8.7%。Spearman秩相关分析法结果显示心肌梗死发病与血浆纤维蛋白原、LVESVI、LVEDVI、LVEF值都存在明显相关性(P0.05),多元Logistic回归分析结果显示纤维蛋白原、LVESVI、LVEDVI、LVEF、年龄为导致冠心病围术期心肌梗死的主要危险因素(P0.05)。结论:介入手术治疗冠心病具有很好的效果,但是围术期心肌梗死的发生率比较高,纤维蛋白原能有效反应病变状况,在心肌梗死的发生发展中起着关键性作用。     

负荷量阿托伐他汀对稳定型冠心病患者非心脏手术围手术期保护作用的研究

目的:探讨负荷量阿托伐他汀对稳定型冠心病患者非心脏的择期外科手术围手术期主要不良心脏事件的保护作用。方法:将拟行非心脏外科手术的60名稳定型冠心病患者随机分为负荷量阿托伐他汀组(n=30)和对照组(n=30),其中负荷量阿托伐他汀治疗组在术前12小时给予阿托伐他汀80 mg顿服,术前2小时阿托伐他汀40 mg顿服,且每晚服用阿托伐他汀40 mg,对照组术前每晚服用阿托伐他汀20 mg,而后进行非心脏的外科手术(主要病种为慢性胆囊结石胆囊炎、慢性阑尾炎、消化性溃疡、疝气),术后负荷量组给予每晚服用阿托伐他汀40 mg,对照组每晚服用阿托伐他汀20 mg。比较两组围手术期主要不良心脏事件(包括心脏性猝死,急性心肌梗死,非计划性血运重建)的发生情况。结果:对照组出现1例急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死并行急诊前降支介入再灌注治疗和7例无症状型心肌梗死,负荷量阿托伐他汀组出现1例无症状型心肌梗死,围手术期心肌梗死发生率较对照组明显降低(P0.05)。结论:负荷量阿托伐他汀可显著降低稳定型冠心病患者非心脏的择期外科手术围手术期主要不良心脏事件如心肌梗死,特别是无症状型心肌梗死的发生率,但该结果尚需大样本多中心随机对照临床试验进一步证实。     

Cardiac Arrhythmias In Congenital Heart Diseases

Arrhythmias figure prominently among the complications encountered in the varied and diverse population of patients with congenital heart disease, and are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The incidence generally increases as the patient ages, with multifactorial predisposing features that may include congenitally malformed or displaced conduction systems, altered hemodynamics, mechanical or hypoxic stress, and residual or postoperative sequelae. The safe and effective management of arrhythmias in congenital heart disease requires a thorough appreciation for conduction system variants, arrhythmia mechanisms, underlying anatomy, and associated physiology. We, therefore, begin this review by presenting the scope of the problem, outlining therapeutic options, and summarizing congenital heart disease-related conduction system anomalies associated with disorders of the sinus node and AV conduction system. Arrhythmias encountered in common forms of congenital heart disease are subsequently discussed. In so doing, we touch upon issues related to risk stratification for sudden death, implantable cardiac devices, catheter ablation, and adjuvant surgical therapy.     

Sudden death and its predictors in myocardial infarction survivors in an Indian population

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in post myocardial infarction patients and to determine the predictive value of various risk markers in identifying cardiac mortality and SCD.MethodsLeft ventricular function, arrhythmias on Holter and microvolt T wave alternans (MTWA) were assessed in patients with prior myocardial infarction and ejection fraction ≤ 40%. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac death and resuscitated cardiac arrest during follow up. Secondary outcomes included total mortality and SCD.ResultsFifty-eight patients were included in the study. Eight patients (15.5%) died during a mean follow-up of 22.3 ± 6.6 months. Seven of them (12.1%) had SCD. Among the various risk markers studied, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 30% (Hazard ratio 5.6, 95% CI 1.39 to 23) and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) in holter (5.7, 95% CI 1.14 to 29) were significantly associated with the primary outcome in multivariate analysis. Other measures, including QRS width, heart rate variability, heart rate turbulence and MTWA showed no association.ConclusionsAmong patients with prior myocardial infarction and reduced left ventricular function, the rate of cardiac death was substantial, with most of these being sudden cardiac death. Both LVEF ≤30% and NSVT were associated with cardiac death whereas only LVEF predicted SCD. Other parameters did not appear useful for prediction of events in these patients. These findings have implications for decision making for the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention in these patients.     

Atrial Pacing to Control Heart Rate and Rhythm in Acute Cardiac Conditions

Increasing the heart rate by a bedside atrial pacing technique was successfully utilized to treat serious cardiac arrhythmia or failure in 13 patients. Nine of these had ventricular arrhythmia refractory to drugs. Seven had evidence of sinus node depression or disease since their sinus pacemaker was below 70 beats per minute under decompensated conditions. In five, coronary artery disease was associated with the bradycardia and in two, digitalis toxicity was related to depression of the intrinsic pacemaker rate. Two patients in the coronary group required implantation of a permanent demand ventricular pacemaker. Hemodynamic studies were performed in seven patients. Only one patient had no increase in cardiac output with pacing rates above his resting rate. The other six patients showed an increase in cardiac output from 22 to 81% at paced rates between 70 and 125/minute. The duration of pacing ranged from one hour to 14 days and averaged five days.     

急性心肌梗死患者心电图碎裂QRS波与左心室收缩功能、心率变异性及心脏事件的关系研究

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死患者心电图碎裂QRS(f QRS)波与左心室收缩功能、心率变异性及心脏事件的关系。方法:收集2018年1月～2020年1月期间于本院进行治疗的急性心肌梗死患者124例,对患者行心电图检查,根据患者心电图是否出现f QRS波分成f QRS组(59例)和无f QRS组(65例),采用多普勒超声诊断仪对两组患者的左心室收缩功能进行检测对比,并对两组患者进行24h动态心电图检查,对两组患者的心率变异性指标进行统计对比。对两组患者进行为期3个月的随访观察,统计对比两组患者随访期间心脏事件的发生率。结果:f QRS组患者的左室射血分数(LVEF)低于无f QRS组,左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)均高于无f QRS组(P0.05)。f QRS组患者总标准差(SDNN)、两个相邻RR间期互差(PNN50)、差值均方根(RMSSD)均低于无f QRS组(P0.05)。随访期间f QRS组患者的心脏事件发生率为35.59%(21/59),高于无f QRS组患者的13.85%(9/65)(P0.05)。结论:伴有心电图f QRS波急性心肌梗死患者的左心室收缩功能降低,心率变异性指标降低,且心脏不良事件发生率增加,心电图f QRS波在一定程度上可作为急性心肌梗死患者心功能、心率变异性及心脏事件发生的监测手段。