水曲柳S6K基因的生物信息学及胁迫和激素下的表达分析

以所获取的水曲柳FmS6K基因（FmS6K1和FmS6K2）为对象,解析其核苷酸序列及其所编码蛋白质的基本信息,探索非生物胁迫和植物激素条件下基因的表达特征。结果表明,FmS6K1和FmS6K2基因长度分别为1 583和1 796 bp,分别编码480和483个氨基酸,二者均含有完整的开放阅读框。FmS6K1为两性蛋白,FmS6K2是亲水蛋白,二者均不含有信号肽。低温（4℃）和盐（NaCl）胁迫均影响FmS6K1和FmS6K2基因的表达,水曲柳根、茎、叶中的FmS6K1和FmS6K2基因对盐更加敏感,FmS6K2基因比FmS6K1基因对低温和盐胁迫的响应更为敏感;外源ABA、GA和IAA均能够影响FmS6K1和FmS6K2基因的表达,FmS6K1在水曲柳根、茎、叶中对外源的IAA响应更大;水曲柳根茎叶中FmS6K2基因均对外源ABA处理有显著上调应答,对外源GA的响应主要在根中,但对IAA的应答主要在茎和叶片中。上述结果表明FmS6K基因在调控植物生长发育和适应逆境胁迫方面扮演重要角色。     

澳洲坚果MiMYB2基因克隆及结构与功能分析

为研究R2R3-MYB转录因子家族成员在澳洲坚果生长发育和产量形成中的作用机制，利用PCR技术从澳洲坚果品种“桂热一号”叶片中克隆MiMYB2基因并采用生物信息学对其结构及功能进行分析。结果表明，克隆获得的MiMYB2（NCBI登录号：MN254976）基因cDNA序列全长1 210 bp，开放阅读框（ORF）1 002 bp，编码333个氨基酸。MiMYB2编码一个无跨膜结构、无信号肽且定位于细胞核的不稳定亲水蛋白，含两个SANT保守结构域，属于R2R3-MYB家族。BLAST分析发现MiMYB2与荷花NnMYB3-like氨基酸序列同源性最高。系统进化分析将MiMYB2与AtMYB17、AtMYB106和AtMYB16聚类为S9亚族。通过转录组数据分析MiMYB2基因在“桂热一号”和“695”品种澳洲坚果枝条、花和叶片中的表达模式，表明MiMYB2在“桂热一号”品种花中的表达量最低，“695”品种花中的表达量最高。推测MiMYB2与澳洲坚果花生长发育密切相关。本研究为阐明MiMYB2基因在澳洲坚果生长发育和产量形成中的作用机制提供理论参考。     

实时定量PCR评估金针菇的内参基因稳定性

金针菇在中国和日本是最受人喜爱的食用菌之一,在重要栽培食用菌中产销量排名第四.近年来,已在活性物质、分子标记及基因鉴定方面开展了大量工作,但未见有金针菇内参基因稳定性研究的报道,导致金针菇基因表达研究无内源参考基因稳定性数据作为参考.本研究采用geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper和RefFinder...     

Catalytic domain of Salmonella typhimurium 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is localized in N-terminal region

2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) [OGDH or E1o: 2-oxoglutarate: lipoamide 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-succinating); EC 1.2.4.2] is a component enzyme of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Salmonella typhimurium gene encoding OGDH (ogdh) has been cloned in Escherichia coli. The libraries were screened for the expression of OGDH by complementing the gene in E. coli E1o-deficient mutant. Three positive clones (named Odh-3, Odh-5 and Odh-7) contained the identical 2.9 kb Sau3AI fragment as determined by restriction mapping and Southern hybridization, and expressed OGDH efficiently and constitutively using its own promoter in the heterologous host. This gene spans 2878 bases and contains an open reading frame of 2802 nucleotides encoding a mature protein of 927 amino acid residues (M_r=110,000). The comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned OGDH with E. coli OGDH shows 91% sequence identity. To localize the catalytic domain responsible for E. coli E1o-complementation, several deletion mutants lacking each portion of the ogdh gene were constructed using restriction enzymes. From the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis, a polypeptide which showed a complementation activity with an M_r of 30,000 was detected. The catalytic domain was localized in N-terminal region of the gene. Therefore, this is a first identification of the catalytic domain in bacterial ogdh gene.     

刚毛柽柳S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(ThSAMS)基因的克隆及表达分析

通过对刚毛柽柳转录组分析,克隆获得了一条与S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(SAMS)基因同源性高的基因,命名为ThSAMS。序列分析结果表明:ThSASM基因全长cDNA为1185bp,编码394个氨基酸,编码蛋白相对分子质量为97.85kDa,理论等电点为5.02。通过生物信息学分析表明,ThSASM基因编码的氨基酸与其他物种SAMS基因编码的氨基酸具有很高的同源性,其中与枣的同源性最高,达95%。实时荧光定量PCR(quantitativereal-timePCR,qRT-PCR)分析表明,ThSASM表达受NaCl、聚乙二醇(PEG)和ABA处理做出应答,暗示ThSASM可能参与了刚毛柽柳对盐和干旱的胁迫应答,为进一步研究SAMS基因在植物胁迫应答中的功能及作用机制提供了参考依据。     

Nucleotide sequence of the Rickettsia prowazekii ATP/ADP translocase-encoding gene

The Rickettsia prowazekii ATP/ADP translocase (Tlc) gene (tlc), previously cloned in Escherichia coli was localized to a 1.6-kb chromosomal fragment. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this fragment revealed an open reading frame of 1494 bp that could encode a hydrophobic protein of 497 amino acids (aa) with an M_r of 56 668. Analysis of the deduced aa sequence revealed that it contained twelve potential membrane-spanning regions. Comparisons between the deduced aa sequence of the R. prowazekii ATP/ADP Tlc and the sequences of mitochondrial (mt) Tic revealed no detectable homologies between the rickettsial and mt sequences. The major protein synthesized in E. coli minicells containing the rickettsial gene exhibited an M_r of approx. 34000.     

逆境胁迫对油菜谷胱甘肽还原酶基因表达及其酶活性的影响

利用cDNA末端快速分离(RACE)技术从陇油6号油菜中克隆得到一个新的谷胱甘肽还原酶基因GR2,全长2073 bp,开放阅读框1692 bp,编码563个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子量为60.7 kDa,等电点7.9.实时荧光定量PCR分析表明:GR2基因在油菜根、茎、叶中均有表达,其中在叶中表达量最高.GR1和GR2基因的转录以及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性受到低温、高温、干旱、高盐胁迫的诱导,表明油菜谷胱甘肽还原酶在抵御低温、高温、干旱、高盐胁迫过程中发挥重要作用.脱落酸(ABA)预处理后再进行上述胁迫处理,与单独上述胁迫相比,GR1和GR2基因的转录以及GR活性水平明显上升,表明ABA可以诱导GR1和GR2基因表达和GR酶活性.MAPKK抑制剂U0126预处理后再进行上述胁迫处理,与单独上述胁迫相比,GR1和GR2基因的转录以及GR活性水平明显下降,表明U0126对GR1、GR2基因表达以及GR酶活性有抑制作用.     

Cloning of the D-lactate dehydrogenase gene from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus by complementation in Escherichia coli

A strain of Escherichia coli (FMJ144) deficient for pyruvate formate lyase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was complemented with a genomic DNA library from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. One positive clone showed LDH activity and production of D(−)lactate was demonstrated. The nucleotide sequence of the D-LDH gene (ldhA) revealed the spontaneous insertion of an E. coli insertion sequence IS2 upstream of the gene coding region. The open reading frame encoded a 333-amino acid protein, showing no similarity with known L-LDH sequences but closely related to L. casei D-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase (D-HicDH).     

Pd-1基因敲除小鼠构建及初步表型验证

目的:细胞程序性死亡蛋白(programmed death ligand-1,PD-1)是机体T细胞的免疫检查点,也是肿瘤治疗的重要靶点。采用CRISPR/Cas9技术,利用非同源重组修复引入突变的方式,使基因蛋白读码框移码造成PD-1功能缺失,建立Pd-1基因敲除小鼠模型,为深入探究Pd-1基因功能及作用机制提供基础。方法:针对Pd-1基因2-4号外显子设计并合成2对sgRNA片段,与编码Cas9片段共同体外转录,通过受精卵显微注射方法将两者mRNA混合注射到C57BL/6小鼠受精卵中,经PCR产物测序鉴定获得F0代小鼠,之后与野生型C57BL/6小鼠交配获得F1代杂合子小鼠,F1代小鼠自交即获得F2代纯合子小鼠品系(Pd-1^-/-)。刀豆蛋白(concanavalin A,ConA)刺激Pd-1^-/-小鼠后,通过实时荧光定量PCR和流式细胞技术在mRNA和蛋白水平上分别检测Pd-1^-/-小鼠中Pd-1基因在转录和翻译过程中的表达情况,并通过ELISA方法检测Pd-1^-/-小鼠血清中IL-6、IFN-γ、IL12/IL23及TNF-α等因子的表达水平,初步分析Pd-1通路在T细胞反应调控中的作用机制及对免疫刺激的响应情况。结果:PCR及测序结果表明在小鼠基因组中Pd-1基因2-4号外显子被成功敲除;Real-Time PCR实验和流式检测结果显示:与野生型小鼠相比,Pd-1^-/-小鼠脾、肠系膜淋巴结、胸腺和血液各组织中Pd-1表达水平均显著降低;双抗夹心ELISA测定结果显示:Pd-1敲除后经ConA刺激,血清中IL-6和IFN-γ表达上调。结论:成功构建Pd-1基因敲除小鼠模型。Pd-1缺失能够上调IL-6和IFN-γ对ConA刺激的响应,增加ConA引起的炎症反应,为Pd-1的体内基因功能研究提供了新的小鼠模型和研究思路。     

The Drosophila PROS-28.1 gene is a member of the proteasome gene family

In the present communication, we report the identification of a new gene family which encodes the protein subunits of the proteasome. The proteasome is a high-M_r complex possessing proteolytic activity. Screening a Drosophila λgt11 cDNA expression library with the proteasome-specific antibody N19-28 we isolated a clone encoding the 28-kDa No. 1 proteasome protein subunit. In accordance with the nomenclature of proteasome subunits in Drosophila, the corresponding gene is designated PROS-28.1, and it encodes an mRNA of 1.1 kb with an open reading frame of 249 amino acids (aa). Genomic Southern-blot hybridization shows PROS-28.1 to be a member of a family of related genes. Analysis of the predicted aa sequence reveals a potential nuclear targeting signal, a potential site for tyrosine kinase and a potential cAMP/cGMP-dependent phosphorylation site. The aa sequence comparison of the products of PROS-28.1 and PROS-35 with the C2 proteasome subunit of rat shows a strong sequence similarity between the different proteasome subunits. The data suggest that at least a subset of the proteasome-encoding genes belongs to a family of related genes (PROS gene family) which may have evolved from a common ancestral PROS gene.     

Mouse fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4): characterization of the gene and functional assessment as a very long chain acyl-CoA synthetase

FATP4 (SLC27A4) is a member of the fatty acid transport protein (FATP) family, a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins that are involved in cellular uptake and metabolism of long and very long chain fatty acids. We cloned and characterized the murine FATP4 gene and its cDNA. From database analysis we identified the human FATP4 genomic sequence. The FATP4 gene was assigned to mouse chromosome 2 band B, syntenic to the region 9q34 encompassing the human gene. The open reading frame was determined to be 1929 bp in length, encoding a polypeptide of 643 amino acids. Within the coding region, the exon-intron structures of the murine FATP4 gene and its human counterpart are identical, revealing a high similarity to the FATP1 gene. The overall amino acid identity between the deduced murine and human FATP4 polypeptides is 92.2%, and between the murine FATP1 and FATP4 polypeptides is 60.3%. Northern analysis showed that FATP4 mRNA was expressed most abundantly in small intestine, brain, kidney, liver, skin and heart. Transfection of FATP4 cDNA into COS1 cells resulted in a 2-fold increase in palmitoyl-CoA synthetase (C16:0) and a 5-fold increase in lignoceroyl-CoA synthetase (C24:0) activity from membrane extracts, indicating that the FATP4 gene encodes an acyl-CoA synthetase with substrate specificity biased towards very long chain fatty acids.     

Deletion or alteration of hydrophobic amino acids at the first and the third transmembrane domains of hepatitis B surface antigen enhances its production in Escherichia coli

To investigate the failure of high-level production of hepatitis B viral (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg), including three authentic forms, large (L), middle (M) and major/small (S) HBsAg, in Escherichia coli, we employed the high-expression vector pGEX containing the glutathione S-transferase-encoding gene (GST) to study HBsAg production. Different fragments of HBV DNA containing the entire pre-S1/pre-S2/S region (for L protein), or partial pre-S1, pre-S2, pre-S1/pre-S2 and pre-S2/S region (for M protein), were fused downstream from the GST gene, in order to obtain five plasmids which encode GST-HBsAg fusion proteins. SDS-PAGE analyses revealed that cells containing plasmids with a full-length S region (pGLS and pGMS) produced undetectable GST-HBsAg fusion proteins, in contrast to those cells harboring plasmids without the S region (pGS1, pGS2 and pGS1S2), which synthesized fusion proteins in 3–10% of the total cellular protein. Using an immunoblot method to screen HBsAg production in cells which harbored plasmids derived from exonuclease BAL 31-digested pGLS, we obtained eight positive clones. Nucleotide sequence analyses of plasmids from the positive clones revealed that termination, deletion or frameshift occurred at the regions encoding either the first or the third transmembrane domain of the major HBsAg. Correlation between the production level of GST-HBsAg fusion proteins and their constituent and arrangement of amino acids (aa) at the last 20 as among 15 clones suggested that the fusion protein ended with a longer stretch of or a higher ratio of hydrophobic as had a lower production in E. coli.     

Molecular analysis of the gene encoding a protein component of the Eikenella corrodens adhesin complex that is close to the carbohydrate recognition domain

A monoclonal antibody against a lectin-like substance (LS) of Eikenella corrodens (Ec) was used for screening the Ec DNA library. Three positive clones that carried an identical 12-kb segment were obtained. A 25-kDa protein, which specifically binds to the antibody, was overproduced in all of the Escherichia coli clones. Deletion analysis showed that the gene encoding the 25-kDa protein was located within a 1.2-kb segment. The nucleotide (nt) sequence of this segment contained an open reading frame encoding a protein of 24 600 Da. We purified the 25-kDa protein from the cloned E. coli strain. The sequence of the first 10 amino acids (aa) from the N-terminus of the purified 25-kDa protein agreed with that deduced from the nt sequence. Since the monoclonal antibody used in this study inhibits the physiological activity of EcLS, we concluded that the 25-kDa protein is a component of the adhesin complex, which is located near the carbohydrate recognition domain of lectin in EcLS.     

The intrachain disulfide bridge is responsible of the unusual stability properties of novel acylphosphatase from Escherichia coli

Acylphosphatase (AcP) activity in prokaryotes was classically attributed to some aspecific acid phosphatases. We identified an open reading frame for a putative AcP in the b0968 Escherichia coli gene and purified the recombinant enzyme after checking by RT-PCR that it was indeed expressed. EcoAcP has a predicted typical fold of the AcP family but displays a very low specific activity and a high structural stability differently from its mesophilic and similarly to its hyperthermophilic counterparts. Site directed mutagenesis suggests that, together with other structural features, the intrachain S–S bridge in EcoAcP is involved in a remarkable thermal and chemical stabilization of the protein without affecting its catalytic activity.     

Cloning, expression and characterization of thymidylate synthase from Crypto coccus neoformans

The thymidylate synthase (TS)-encoding gene from Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) has been isolated from cDNA and genomic libraries. The 1127-bp gene contains three introns and a 951-bp open reading frame encoding a 35844-Da protein. The cDNA clones lack 324 bp of the 5' coding region of the gene. The complete coding sequence was assembled as an expression cassette in pUC19 using parts of the coding sequence from the cDNA and genomic DNA and completing the sequence using synthetic DNA. Production of active TS from Cn (CnTS) was first demonstrated by complementation of a thymine(Thy)-requiring Escherichia coli strain. The expression cassette was subsequently subcloned into the T7 polymerase vector pET15-b. In this construct, CnTS is produced as approximately 10% of the total soluble protein in E. coli. Homogeneous enzyme was obtained at a 36% yield after consecutive chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Q-Sepharose, phenyl-Sepharose and Affi-Gel Blue. Steady-state kinetic analysis showed that the K_m values for dUMP and CH₂H₄-folate were 2.7 ± 0.5 μM and 38.2 ± 2.5 μM, respectively, and the K_cat was 5.1 s⁻¹. The enzyme was stable upon storage at −80°C in Tris-HCl pH 7.4 and thiol.     

Identification and characterization of the gene for Drosophila S20 ribosomal protein

A cDNA clone that encodes a Drosophila homologue of ribosomal protein S20 was isolated from a Drosophila ovary cDNA library. The Drosophila S20 gene (RpS20) is highly conserved with S20 genes in other organisms. It is a single copy gene and maps to position 92F-93A on polytene chromosomes. No Minute mutation in this location has been reported; at least five essential genes are possible candidates to encode RpS20. RpS20 message is expressed ubiquitously in embryos, but is expressed at high levels in the midgut.     

棉铃虫c-Jun氨基末端激酶基因的克隆、表达谱及对UV-A胁迫的响应

【目的】本研究旨在克隆棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)基因,并对其进行序列和表达模式分析,探讨该基因在棉铃虫生长发育及响应UV胁迫方面的作用。【方法】利用RT-PCR与RACE技术克隆棉铃虫JNK基因,并利用生物信息学方法对其编码的氨基酸序列进行分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测其在棉铃虫不同发育阶段(卵、1-6龄幼虫、蛹、雌雄成虫)、成虫不同组织(去除触角和复眼的头、胸、腹、触角、复眼、足、翅、中肠、卵巢)中及雌成虫在UV-A照射不同时间(0, 30, 60, 90, 120和150 min)下的相对表达量变化。【结果】克隆获得一个棉铃虫JNK基因并命名为HaJNK(GenBank登录号:MH719009),其cDNA序列全长为2 431 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长1 191 bp,编码396个氨基酸,编码蛋白质的相对分子量为45.01 kD,等电点为6.35,无跨膜结构,无信号肽。系统进化分析显示,棉铃虫HaJNK与其他昆虫JNK具有很高的同源性。发育阶段表达分析表明,HaJNK在棉铃虫卵期表达量最高;组织特异性分析显示该基因在成虫复眼、胸部及卵巢部位特异性表达。UV-A照射能诱导棉铃虫雌成虫体内HaJNK的表达,随着照射时间的延长,其表达量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在照射60 min时表达量达到峰值。【结论】HaJNK在棉铃虫不同龄期、成虫不同组织和UV-A照射不同时间的雌成虫中差异表达,提示其在响应UV-A胁迫的分子机制中具有重要意义。