Contribution a l'étude des ostracodes du crétacé supérieur de Dordogne

Sixteen species of ostracods are described from upper Cenomanien, Turonian and Campanian of Dordogne (region of Saint-Cyprien). Thirteen of them are new and belong to genera Cytherella, Dolocythere, Hazelina?, Cythereis, Platycythereis, Quasihermanites, Kikliocythere, Netrocytheridea, Annosacythere, Neocythere (Physocythere), Amphicytherura. The three others belong to the genera Platella?, Paracypris and Hemicytherura? are left in open nomenclature.     

New and poorly known acrotretid brachiopods (Class Lingulata) from the Cedaria-Crepicephalus zone (late Middle Cambrian) of the Great Basin, USA

Seven new late Middle Cambrian (Cedaria-Crepicephalus zone) acrotretid species are described from the Great Basin, USA. The species belong to five genera of which Lensotreta is new. The following new species are described: Anabolotreta? glabra, Anabolotreta mogota, Canthylotreta crista, Dactylotreta elegantula, Lensotreta perplexa, Opisthotreta transversa, and Opisthotreta indistincta. The shell structure of Canthylotreta is described for the first time based on new material of the type species Canthylotreta marjumensis and of the new species C. crista. The shell of Canthylotreta includes two types of shell fabric, camerate and columnar. Moreover, parts of the shell show transitional textures, supporting the view that the camerate shell structure may has originated from a columnar fabric. Picnotreta lophocracenta Robson and Pratt, 2001, recently described from western Newfoundland, is also described from the new occurrence in the Great Basin.     

A Taxonomic Review of the Genera of the Aphelenchoidea (Fuchs, 1937) Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Tylenchida)

This generic level taxonomic review of the nematode superfamily Aphelenchoidea is based upon a study of specimens from 24 of the 28 described genera. The diagnoses of these genera are presented, and some are emended with new information. One new genus, Huntaphelenchoides, and five new combinations are proposed. The families Paraphelenchidae and Anomyctidae are placed in synonymy with Aphelenchidae and Aphelenchoididae, respectively. The genera Asteroaphelenchoides and Pseudaphelencboides are placed in synonymy under the genus Aphelenchoides. Rare male and/or female specimens of Peraphelenchus, Anomyctus, Laimaphelenchus, Aphelenchus, Cryptaphelenchoides, Megadorus, Tylaphelenchus, and Entaphelenchus, are redescribed and illustrated. Four plates, containing 106 original drawings of the males, females, stylets, and spicules of representatives of 22 aphelenchoid genera, are presented.     

New Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from the Upper Cretaceous ambers of the Taimyr Peninsula

Two new genera and four new species of Ichneumonidae are described from the Upper Cretaceous ambers of the Taimyr Peninsula: Agapia sukatchevae gen. et sp. nov., Agapteron popovi gen. et sp. nov., Eubaeus abdominalis sp. nov., and Urotryphon baikurensis sp. nov. New detailed diagnoses are provided for the genera Urotryphon and Eubaeus. The genera Catachora, Urotryphon, and Eubaeus, previously placed in the subfamily Tryphoninae, are transferred to the subfamily Labenopimplinae, as well as the new genera Agapia and Agapteron. Possible causes of the miniaturization in ichneumonid wasps in the Cretaceous are discussed.     

New data on the distribution of the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) flexible crinoid Cibolocrinus (Crinoidea,Flexibilia)

Two new species of flexible crinoids of the genus Cibolocrinus (Crinoidea, Flexibilia) from the Upper Carboniferous of the Moscow Region are described: C. kutasovi (Moscovian Stage, Podolskian Regional Substage) and C. gerassimovi (Gzhelian Stage, Dobryatinian Regional Substage). The first species, C. kutasovi, belongs to a group with low cone shaped cups that first appeared in the Moscow Basin and then spread to the Midcontinent of North America. In one specimen of C. gerassimovi the smallest infrabasal plate is situated in the A ray, which is not typical for flexible crinoids. A poorly preserved crown of Cibolocrinus sp. from the Upper Carboniferous (Gzhelian Stage) of the Darvaz Ridge (western Pamir, central Tajikistan) is also described. The described specimens of Cibolocrinus from the Moscow Region and the Darvaz Ridge are the first reliable specimens of this genus described from Europe and Asia.     

New crinoids from the Baltic region (Estonia): fossil tip‐dating phylogenetics constrains the origin and Ordovician–Silurian diversification of the Flexibilia (Echinodermata)

This study documents previously unknown taxonomic and morphological diversity among early Palaeozoic crinoids. Based on highly complete, well preserved crown material, we describe two new genera from the Ordovician and Silurian of the Baltic region (Estonia) that provide insight into two major features of the geological history of crinoids: the early evolution of the flexible clade during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), and their diversification history surrounding the end‐Ordovician mass extinction. The unexpected occurrence of a highly derived sagenocrinid, Tintinnabulicrinus estoniensis gen. et. sp. nov., from Upper Ordovician (lower Katian) rocks of the Baltic palaeocontinent provides high‐resolution temporal, taxonomic and palaeobiogeographical constraints on the origin and early evolution of the Flexibilia. The Silurian (lower Rhuddanian, Llandovery) Paerticrinus arvosus gen. et sp. nov. is the oldest known Silurian crinoid from Baltica and thus provides the earliest Baltic record of crinoids following the aftermath of the end‐Ordovician mass extinction. A Bayesian ‘fossil tip‐dating’ analysis implementing the fossilized birth–death process and a relaxed morphological clock model suggests that flexibles evolved c. 3 million years prior to their oldest fossil record, potentially involving an ancestor–descendant relationship (via ‘budding’ cladogenesis or anagenesis) with the paraphyletic cladid Cupulocrinus. The sagenocrinid subclade rapidly diverged from ‘taxocrinid’ grade crinoids during the final stages of the GOBE, culminating in maximal diversity among Ordovician crinoid faunas on a global scale. Remarkably, diversification patterns indicate little taxonomic turnover among flexibles across the Late Ordovician mass extinction. However, the elimination of closely related clades may have helped pave the way for their subsequent Silurian diversification and increased ecological role in post‐Ordovician Palaeozoic marine communities. This study highlights the significance of studies reporting faunas from undersampled palaeogeographical regions for clade‐based phylogenetic studies and improving estimates of global biodiversity through geological time.     

Les ammonites traditionnellement regroupées dans la sous-famille des Bouleiceratinae (Hildoceratidae, Toarcien) : aspects phylogénétiques, biogéographiques et systématiques

The genera usually considered into the Bouleiceratinae subfamily belong in fact to different lineages of the Hildoceratidae family. An approach using paleogeographical, stratigraphical and morphological arguments on one hand and a cladistic approach on the other hand have allowed to separate 3 clusters with different paleogeographical and stratigraphical localisations. These are:

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the Bouleiceratinae s.s. (genera Bouleiceras, Nejdia and Kohaticeras) from lower Toarcian;

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the Leukadiellinae (genera Leukadiella and Renziceras) from middle Toarcian;

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and the Paroniceratinae (genera Frechiella, Paroniceras and Oxyparoniceras) from middle and upper Toarcian. These latters are mainly present and the Tethyan domain, but are also known in the NW of Europe and especially in France where new populations have been studied in the Causses, in the centre-ouest and in the Lyon area. New taxa have been erected here: Oxyparoniceras (Neoparoniceras) nov. sub. gen., O. (N.) brocardi nov. sp. and O. (N.) sciaui nov. sp.

     

A new nomenclatural combination inPortulacaceae (Centrospermae)

Examination of type specimens of the monotypic genera,Grahamia (G. bracteata) andTalinaria (T. palmeri) together with detailed palynological, morphological and seed anatomical evidence have shown that these two species are very similar. These two genera are subsequently grouped into one genus,Grahamia. A new combination,G. palmeri is now proposed.     

A new species of Rhytidognathus (Carabidae,?Migadopini) from Argentina

The Migadopini are a small tribe of Carabidae with 47 species that occur in South America, Australia, and New Zealand, in the sub-Antarctic areas. In South America, most of the genera inhabit areas related to sub-Antartic Nothofagus forest except two monogeneric genera, the Ecuadorian genus Aquilex Moret and the Pampean genus Rhytidognathus Chaudoir. These two genera are geographically isolated from the remaining five South American genera. New material of Rhytidognathus from the northeast of Buenos Aires province and from Entre Ríos province permits establishing that the previous records of Rhytidognathus ovalis (Dejean) for Argentina were erroneous and that it belongs to a new species. Based on external morphological characters and from male and female genitalia we describe Rhytidognathus platensis as a new species. In this contribution we provide illustrations, keys, habitat characteristics and some biogeographic considerations on the distribution of Rhytidognathus.     

Collicrinus excavatus (Hall, 1861), generic affinity for a Lower Mississippian crinoid (Phylum Echinodermata)

Platycrinites was long a “catch-all” genus that was loosely defined in North America. Ausich and Kammer (2009) rectified the inconsistencies of generic diagnoses to define the Platycrinitidae better; however, due to preservation, many species were not known from specimens with sufficient characters to be placed confidently into a genus and, thus, were designated Platycrinites sensu lato. Collicrinus excavates (n. comb.) was one such species. A specimen with a complete theca and partial arms preserved was discovered in southwestern Missouri in the Burlington–Keokuk Limestone. With the discovery of this specimen, C. excavatus has been fully described and placed in the correct genus. Further, the associated fauna of new C. excavatus specimens, reported here, helps to evaluate the stratigraphic position of this species, which is now considered to be only from Burlington Pelmatozoan Association I and II, roughly equivalent to the Dolbee Creek and Haight Creek Members of the Burlington Limestone.     

Revision of Strunian crinoids and blastoids from Germany

In 1930W.E. Schmidt described all known crinoids from the German Early Carboniferous, including the Etroeungt beds of Germany, which are now judged to be latest Devonian (Famennian) in age. On a global basis, Famennian camerate crinoids generally show a closer relationship to succeeding Early Carboniferous faunas than they do to older Frasnian or Middle Devonian crinoids, which also is the case for the Strunian fauna. Holdovers from older Devonian faunas include, among others,Adelocrinus, a descendant of olderArthroacantha, in England and Germany, andPetaloblastus, which is one of the youngest genera of the blastoid family Hyperoblastidae. Precursors of younger Early Carboniferous groups include platycrinoids, primitive actinocrinoids, dichocrinoids, and the blastoid genusDoryblastus, which is one of the oldest members of the family Orbitremitidae. All of these groups, which became important parts of the Early Carboniferous crinoid and blastoid radiation, give Famennian crinoid faunas much more of an Early Carboniferous than a Devonian aspect. Rhipidocrinus schmidti n. sp. is erected for specimens that originally were reported from the Etroeungt asRhodocrinus uniarticulatus. We judge that there are currently four valid species assigned toRhipidocrinus: R. crenatus, R. perloricatus, R. praecursor, and our new species,R. schmidti. Hydriocrinus ratingensis Schmidt is reassigned to ?Sostronocrinus. We note thatSchmidt (1906), notJaekel (1906) as has been reported previously, is the author ofRhipidocrinus perloricatus. Owing to the poor preservation of the Etroeungt material, we regard the namePlatycrinites wunstorfi Schmidt 1930 to be a nomen nudum.     

Ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic delineation of a new order,the Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycota)

In the order Chytridiales, Rhizophydium is a morphologically defined genus based upon the production of a monocentric, inoperculate, epibiotic sporangium, an endobiotic rhizoidal axis which branches, and an epibiotic resting spore. Despite its simple morphology, over 220 species of Rhizophydium have been described. Recent phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU rRNA (28 S rRNA) gene sequences of a geographically diverse sampling of Rhizophydium cultures revealed that the classical genus Rhizophydium is genetically more variable than previously understood and actually represents multiple genera. In the present study, we use zoospore ultrastructural characters and 28 S rRNA and 5.8 S ribosomal gene sequences of 96 isolates in culture to circumscribe the monophyletic Rhizophydium clade as a new order, Rhizophydiales. Correspondingly, zoospores of members of the Rhizophydiales exhibit a unique suite of ultrastructural character states that further define the order and distinguish it from the order Chytridiales. Molecular analyses reveal several strongly supported clades within the Rhizophydiales. Three of those clades encompass a broad range of isolates and are defined as new families Rhizophydiaceae, Terramycetaceae, and Kappamycetaceae. To resolve close relationships within Terramycetaceae, combined 28 S rRNA and ITS1–5.8 S–ITS2 sequences were analysed and details of zoospore ultrastructural character states determined, with two new genera, Terramyces and Boothiomyces, described. Two species formerly classified in Rhizophydium are transferred to the new genera. This work provides a framework for additional taxonomic revisions within the new order Rhizophydiales and compares genetic variation useful in defining genera, species, and populations within this lineage of chytrids. A broader sampling of representatives is needed before taxonomic decisions can be made for remaining clades within the Rhizophydiales.     

Molecular-signature analyses support the establishment of the actinobacterial genus Sphaerimonospora (Mingma et al. 2016)

The genera Microbispora and Sphaerimonospora were examined for GyrB and RecA amino-acid signatures to determine whether molecular-signature analyses support the recent establishment of the genus Sphaerimonospora. The creation of Sphaerimonospora was based mainly upon morphological differences between Microbispora and Sphaerimonospora and the clustering of the type strains of the two genera in phylogenetic trees based on a multilocus sequence analysis. The molecular-signature analyses showed that all members of Sphaerimonospora can be distinguished from all members of Microbispora at 14 amino acid positions in the GyrB protein and at four positions in the shorter RecA protein. These amino acid differences can be used as signatures to differentiate the members of these genera from each other and thus provide support for the establishment of the genus Sphaerimonospora. This is the first demonstration of the use of molecular signatures to support the establishment of a new genus in the family Streptosporangiaceae. Following the transfer of Microbispora mesophila and Microbispora thailandensis from Microbispora to Sphaerimonospora, all species in the genus Microbispora are characterised by the insertion of a small, hydrophobic amino acid after position 208 in the GyrB protein. This insertion is absent from the GyrB protein of members of the genus Sphaerimonospora.     

Loaches of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Barbatula</Emphasis> (Nemacheilinae) of the Zavkhan River basin (Western Mongolia)

Two sympatric species of Siberian loaches are recorded in the Zavkhan River basin (Great Lakes Depression, Western Mongolia) and described as new for science: Barbatula conilobus and B. dsapchynensis spp. n. The former species, most likely, is widely distributed over the entire river basin, and the latter species, apparently, occurs locally, but in sympatry with B. conilobus. Morphological differences of the new species from other representatives of the genus Barbatula and their relationships are analyzed. Ecological distinctions between the species of the genera Barbatula and Triplophysa in the Zavkhan River basin are described. Possible mechanisms of development of the present fauna of loaches in Mongolia and adjacent territories with an appearance of sympatric species pairs in a single water basin are discussed.     

The ovipositor musculature of Carpomya schineri (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae)

The structure of the ovipositor sclerites and musculature was studied in the tephritid fly Carpomya schineri (Loew) whose larvae develop in the fruits of Rosa. The structural characters of the ovipositor of this species facilitating laying eggs into such fruits are discussed. The ovipositor musculature and functioning in Carpomya are very similar to those in Ceratitis and Bactrocera; species of all these genera lay eggs in fruits. In the details of the ovipositor musculature, Carpomya is more similar to Ceratitis than to Bactrocera. The genera Carpomya, Ceratitis and Bactrocera are phylogenetically close but Ceratitis and Bactrocera belong to sister tribes within one subfamily, Dacinae. Thus, morpho-functional similarity of the ovipositor structure may not only reflect close relationship but also result from common adaptive transformations.     

Indiscelio: A new genus of Scelionidae (Platygastroidea) from India

A new scelionine genus Indiscelio Veenakumari, Popovici and Talamas is described from India with type species Indiscelio aulon Veenakumari, Popovici and Talamas. Both sexes are described and imaged. Affinities with morphologically similar genera are discussed.     

The validity of the Middle Devonian camerate crinoid species Hexacrinites hieroglyphicus (Goldfuss, 1839) and H. marginatus (Schultze, 1866)

The camerate crinoids Hexacrinites hieroglyphicus (Goldfuss, 1839) and H. marginatus (Schultze, 1866) are valid species known from the Lower Givetian of the synclines of Gerolstein and Hillesheim, Eifel Hills (westernmost Germany). As shown by the refigured holotypes and new material, they are mostly separated by the expressed ornamentation of radials and basals. The radials of H. hieroglyphicus are characterized by prominent, variously formed bulges, stretching preferably in a radiate pattern across most of the plates. They do not reach the low plate boundaries. Vice versa, H. marginatus shows expressed depressions in the central part of the plates, but raised plate margins. The first known crowns of H. marginatus are described; one of them is proposed as neotype for the lost original.