关于百色的手斧

对２８年百色手斧的类学分析表明,它们并不是真正的手斧,其中４件似应归入砍砸器,１件可能是似镐石器,其余２３件似应定为石核斧。     

藏北尼阿木底遗址发现的似阿舍利石器——兼论晚更新世人类向青藏高原的扩张

2013年夏,在藏北那曲地区申扎县羌塘高原旧石器调查中,从规模恢弘的尼阿木底遗址地表暴露的、数以万计的石制品中,分别采集到似阿舍利类型"手斧"9件和"薄刃斧"2件。本文对尼阿木底遗址所见的这类器物进行了细致的观察与分析,认为它们只是旧石器时代晚期勒瓦娄哇技术产品的石核,或偶尔为之的、与手斧和薄刃斧形似的石制品,并非真正意义上的手斧与薄刃斧。尼阿木底遗址不存在从选料、剥片、加工出成品,到使用、损坏和废弃等各个阶段的、明确的阿舍利类型石器工业产品生产体系的工艺链条,换言之,在尼阿木底生活的古人脑海中,并不存在一个加工阿舍利类型手斧和薄刃斧等工具的"概念模板"(Mental template)。联系到青藏高原其他地区以前所报道的同类材料,我们认为在青藏高原腹地目前所见的旧石器遗址中,还没有真正意义上的阿舍利石器工业类型的遗存。晚更新世末期时,来自于印巴次大陆方向的早期占领者,沿着喜马拉雅山脉、冈底斯山脉和昆仑山脉三条东西走向的巨大山系之间的通道,自高原西南方向开始向高原腹地扩张,其间阿舍利石器工业技术在非洲和欧亚大陆早已消弭,当时的青藏高原腹地并不具备重新产生该类石器工业技术的土壤。     

湖北十堰发现2件手斧

本文记述的手斧,系出自郧县曲远河口和丹江口市明家山。两地均为汉水的三级阶地。这两件手斧均与砾石石器和三棱尖状器同出。时代为旧石器时代早期。图１丹江口市明家手斧ＭｉｎｇｊｉａｓｈａｎｂｉｆａｃｅｓａｔｔｈｅＣｉｔｙｏｆＤａｎｊｉａｎｇ１丹江口市明家山发...     

1994年丹江口库区调查发现的石制品研究

本文报道了1994年在南水北调中线工程丹江口库区多处地点采集的624件石制品。石制品类型有石核、石片和石器;石器占44%以上, 类型丰富, 包括手斧、手镐、薄刃斧、砍砸器、石球、尖状器、刮削器和石锤; 石器素材主要为砾石, 大多数个体粗大。这一石器组合与中国南方的砾石石器工业有较多的相似之处; 手斧工具的出现表明,这些石制品在探讨东、西方的旧石器文化交流方面也是非常重要的材料。     

对九件手斧标本的再研究和关于莫维斯理论之拙见

本文对中国发现的九件手斧标本进行了再研究,结果表明有几件标本还是应维持原研究者的意见,如平梁Ｐ．３４６８号、三门峡Ｐ．２７６８号和梁山Ｐ．４１７１号标本应归入镐的范畴,丁村Ｐ．０６８４号标本是三棱镐．沙女沟标本（原丁村Ｐ．１８８９号标本）为似乎斧石器,丁村Ｐ．１８４４号标本为多边砍砸器．关于乾县Ｐ．５７８６号和百色Ｐ．８２０３号标本,笔者倾向于认为可能是石核斧．涝池河标本的类型归属暂且存疑．在此基础上,评论了莫维斯的理论．     

河南汝州温泉遗址的发现与初步研究

2021年11月，河南省文物考古研究院等单位在河南汝州地区开展旧石器考古调查，新发现汝州温泉遗址，地层厚约3 m，发现石制品148件，分为石核、石片、石锤和石器。原料以石英岩、安山岩为主；石核以简单剥片石核为主，存在盘状石核；石片中以大、中型为主；石器类型包括手斧、薄刃斧、手镐、大型石刀、石球、刮削器、尖状器、钻器、砍砸器等。整体石制品面貌既有简单石核-石片石器工业的特点，又有手斧、薄刃斧等阿舍利石器工业常见器类，年代属晚更新世。温泉遗址的发现是北汝河流域存在阿舍利技术的证据，河南北汝河流域或将成为国内又一处阿舍利技术表现较为集中的区域，将为研究阿舍利技术在我国的出现和扩散等提供新的线索和区域视角。     

陕西洛南盆地夜塬地点发现的石制品

2010~2012年在陕西洛南盆地旧石器遗址调查中新发现夜塬地点,采集石核、石片、断块、碎片及工具等石制品617件。工具包含砍砸器、手斧、薄刃斧、大型石刀、刮削器、尖状器、雕刻器等。石制品原料为第二级阶地附近砾石层及河漫滩上的砾石,以颜色不同的石英岩及石英为主,石英砂岩及细砂岩偶有使用。石制品尺寸多为小型及中型,但工具中修理精致的手斧、薄刃斧和石刀等大型工具尺寸较大。剥片主要采用锤击法,砸击法与碰砧法也少量应用,石核剥片率较高。工具毛坯主要为石片,刃缘多两面修理。根据以往在洛南盆地的相关研究推测,该地点石制品的年代大致为中更新世晚期到晚更新世早期。夜塬地点新发现的石制品丰富了洛南地区的旧石器材料,有益于进一步探讨莫维斯线以东含阿舍利技术遗址的文化属性。     

梁山遗址旧石器材料的再研究

位于秦岭南麓的梁山遗址是汉水流域最早发现的旧石器时代遗址,其研究历史可追溯至上个世纪五十年代,八十年代又进行过3次野外考察,共发现有十几处旧石器地点,发表了初步研究报告。本文从技术、类型学角度对当时在梁山龙岗寺地点中采集的部分标本进行研究,表明梁山遗址是一个含手斧的旧石器时代初期工业,工具类型包括砍砸器、石球、手斧、薄刃斧、刮削器、凹缺器等。梁山遗址独特的地理位置,使得该石器工业在中国南、北方旧石器文化关系中具有纽带作用。     

东亚和东南亚旧石器初期重型工具的类型学：评Movius的分类体系

实践证明,Ｍｏｖｉｕｓ在本世纪４０年代建立的东亚,东南亚旧石器分类体系有严重缺陷。经过厘定,目前在欧洲和非洲通用的吹斫器,手斧,薄刃斧,手镐,球状器和刮削器等分类概念,也适用于东亚,东南亚旧石器初期的重型工具工业。     

重庆市西北涪江流域旧石器考古调查

2022年3-4月，重庆市文物考古研究院与西北大学文化遗产学院联合在渝西北涪江流域开展了旧石器考古专项调查。调查队在涪江下游各级阶地新发现旧石器地点46处，采集石制品833件，绝大部分石制品因脱层而暴露于地表，少量出自地层断面。石制品原料单一，剥片技术多样，类型丰富，形态与尺寸差异极大。从技术与类型方面来看，至少包含了砾石石器工业、石片石器工业和阿舍利石器工业，尤其是手斧、手镐、薄刃斧等器物组合和大石片技术产品是本次调查的主要发现。综合地质、阶地地貌及地层堆积物特征分析，这些遗址的时代跨度可能不大，大致应集中在中-晚更新世。本次调查发现表明，涪江流域也是古人类迁徙扩散和生存演化的活跃地带，尤其是对阿舍利手斧技术的分布和传播路径研究具有重要意义。     

中国刺猬的染色体研究

本文采用全血培养和骨髓染色体制片法,对分布于我国南京市郊和济南市郊的刺猬染色体进行了组型、C-带、G-带和银染色的观察分析,并与东欧、西欧两种刺猬比较,它们之间的核型及带型差异显著;又将南京、济南及金清波(1985)报道的河南新乡三地分布的刺猬进行比较,它们的核型及带型也显示出一定差异,这种多态性在分类和进化上有一定的意义。     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF SPECIMENS UNDER CONTROLLED GAS PRESSURE

A technique for encasing specimens in a thin gas layer during their observation in the Siemens Elmiskop I is described. All gases can be employed at pressures up to one atmosphere. Destruction of specimens can occur in the beam; all organic specimens are particularly liable to decompose. The conditions under which this can be avoided are given. A useful application of the technique allows one to prevent specimens from drying out, as they normally do in vacuum. A further application uses the controlled removal of carbon for thinning organic layers and for selective etching of organic materials.     

Further notes on the fishes from the collection of Laurens Theodore Gronovius (1730–1777)

Previously unrecognized fish specimens from the collection of Laurens Theodore Gronovius (1730–1777) are catalogued and described. Five specimens of as many taxa are in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History) and nine specimens of seven taxa preserved in alcohol are in the collection of the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, With one exception all have been examined; they are identified, related to the literature and eight specimens are shown to be part of the type series of Linnaean fish taxa.     

Further notes on the fishes from the collection of Laurens Theodore Gronovius (1730–1777)

Previously unrecognized fish specimens from the collection of Laurens Theodore Gronovius (1730–1777) are catalogued and described. Five specimens of as many taxa are in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History) and nine specimens of seven taxa preserved in alcohol are in the collection of the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, With one exception all have been examined; they are identified, related to the literature and eight specimens are shown to be part of the type series of Linnaean fish taxa.     

Cytologic findings in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease

Transplant patients are at an increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). To examine the role of cytology in diagnosing LPDs, the cytologic reports on all transplant patients seen at the University of Iowa from January 1983 to July 1988 were reviewed. Thirteen of 649 transplant patients developed LPD; 10 of those 13 patients had a total of 25 cytologic specimens obtained within two months of the diagnosis of LPD available for review. Ten specimens (four cerebrospinal fluids [CSFs], four effusions, one respiratory specimen and one liver aspirate) from six patients were positive for LPD. Immunophenotypic or immunogenotypic studies on cytologic specimens from four patients showed a clonal B-cell process. The cytologic features ranged from those of a plasmacytoid LPD to those of an immunoblastic or large-cell lymphoma. An additional seven specimens (five CSFs, one effusion and one liver aspirate) from four patients were suspicious for LPD, exhibiting rare atypical cells or cells with plasmacytoid features. Ten patients died with LPD within 12 months; three are alive. Cytologic specimens, especially body fluids, are frequently positive in LPD and may be useful diagnostically. Since the differential diagnosis includes reactive lymphocytosis, confirmatory immunophenotypic or immunogenotypic studies are recommended.     

中国几种剧毒鹅膏菌的ITS序列分析

测定了来自中国不同地区的9个剧毒鹅膏菌的核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)核苷酸序列.以湖南鹅膏为外类群,用ITS序列构建了系统进化树.结果表明:两个不同产地的欧氏鹅膏存在一定的差异,但仍可聚为同一组;欧氏鹅膏与其它几种剧毒鹅膏的亲缘关系较远;两个根据形态特征鉴定为灰花纹鹅膏的标本可能是两个不同的种;欧氏鹅膏、致命鹅膏和黄盖鹅膏白色变种这3个产生白色子实体的种系统演化上不是同源的.     

我国植物模式标本的馆藏量

植物标本是物种存在的永久凭证,模式标本在保障命名体系稳定中有不可替代的作用。标本馆藏量和模式标本数量反映一个国家或地区的历史积累。作者通过对比分析,发现我国的标本馆藏量远低于国际平均水平,模式标本馆藏量也相对较少,历史积累不足。在数字化本土馆藏模式标本基础上,标本数字化平台项目应将国外馆藏的中国植物种类的模式标本"引渡"回国。今后我国植物分类学研究者的重要工作之一是加强空白地区和国外标本采集,提高馆藏标本的代表性。     

Analysis of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in cytologic specimens

Recombinant DNA techniques to detect the rearrangement of genes encoding immunoglobulins and T-cell-antigen receptors have been used to identify clonality in lymphoid lesions. To determine the utility of such techniques in cytologic specimens, DNA was analyzed in 24 effusions and 6 fine needle aspirates. Immunophenotypic studies were also performed on the 19 specimens with suspected hematopoietic malignancies. Sufficient material for DNA analysis was present in 28 of the 30 specimens. Immunoglobulin or T-cell-receptor gene rearrangement was present in 13 specimens with atypical cytologic findings; DNA studies provided more information than did the immunologic studies in 3 cases. One T-cell malignancy showed T-cell receptor and heavy-chain gene rearrangement, and one B-cell malignancy showed immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. In all patients except one with no evidence of gene rearrangement, the morphologic and immunologic studies also favored a reactive process. Control specimens showed a germline configuration. This study demonstrated that DNA gene rearrangement studies are feasible on many cytologic specimens and may be useful in diagnostically difficult cases.     

Notes on Galápagos grenadiers (Pisces, Gadiformes, Macrouridae), with the description of a new species of Coryphaenoides

Two unusual specimens of the grenadier genus Coryphaenoides were collected by the deep-submersible vehicle Johnson Sea-Link off the Galápagos. Unlike any other member of the genus, the snout in these specimens was rounded, non-protruding, naked anteriorly and ventrally, with no tubercular scales marking the terminal and lateral angles. They are herein described as Coryphaenoides gypsochilus. Additional specimens of grenadiers were procured by the Johnson Sea-Link, including the second and third specimens of Nezumia ventralis and the first record of Caelorinchus canus from these waters. Three species and one subspecies of Galápagos grenadiers are endemic.     

湖北蕨类和种子植物分布新记录

报道了在鄂西北竹溪县发现的湖北蕨类和种子植物28个新记录种、1个新记录亚种及1个新记录变种。其中陕西羽叶报春（Primula filchnerae Knuth）曾被植物界视为可能灭绝的植物,为国内植物学者在野外首次重新发现,刺棒南星[Arisaema echinatum（Wall.）Schott]出现长距离间断分布新格局。文中引证的标本收藏入中国科学院植物研究所标本馆（PE）、武汉植物园标本馆（HIB）、昆明植物研究所标本馆（KUN）。