小麦TILLING分析中CELⅠ酶切及PCR反应体系的优化

在小麦中建立稳定的基于CELⅠ酶切的目的基因突变位点检测技术,有助于高通量鉴定目的基因片段的点突变及提高突变检测效率。本研究以冬小麦品种新麦18空间诱变SP2群体为材料,以小麦糯质基因Waxy为目标片段,通过优化基因组DNA提取方法、调整PCR反应体系中dNTP、Mg2+及引物浓度、改变目标片段CELⅠ酶切缓冲液成分,以及调整纯化过程中的空气相对湿度等方式,优化了小麦TILLING技术体系。在利用PVP-40法提取DNA过程中,研磨器振动频率提高到30/s,KAc溶液的反应时间延伸为20min时,基因组DNA质量和纯度最佳;在设定的浓度范围内dNTP和Mg2+浓度对产物影响差异不明显,均能高效扩增出目的条带。引物浓度对产物影响差异显著,最佳引物浓度为0.4μmol/L。20μl酶切体系中,最佳CEL I酶浓度为0.1U且利用超纯水代替CELⅠ缓冲液。最终在小麦中建立起了基于CELⅠ酶切的高通量TILLING筛选技术体系。     

采用CELⅠ酶粗提物高效鉴定CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因突变

CRISPR/Cas9是新兴的基因组编辑技术,该技术操作简单、效率高,已成为目前最主流的基因组编辑技术。利用该技术进行突变体创制,对基因功能研究和育种应用具有重要的意义,而快速、高效、低成本的基因编辑个体鉴定是其中的重要环节。本研究对影响CELⅠ粗提物鉴定CRISPR/Cas9介导的水稻基因编辑个体的条件,包括蛋白用量及作用时间、PCR反应缓冲液等条件进行了探索,并将整个检测体系集成于一管操作。同时,采用CELⅠ粗提物检测了CRISPR/Cas9介导水稻stn1突变的T_0代植株及后代,对杂合突变、纯合突变及双等位突变的鉴定策略进行了探讨;该方法检测正确率经测序验证达100%。上述结果表明,采用CELⅠ粗提物检测突变体与已有方法比较具有廉价、快速和高效的特点。     

过氧化氢酶Ⅰ结构延伸突变改善酶热稳定性的初步研究

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌过氧化氢酶Ⅰ及其取代突变酶８８（２５）的延伸突变是指在酶蛋白在Ｃ末上连接一段随机肽链,从而改变了酶蛋白的结构,研究结果表明,这种延伸突变的方法非常有效地提高了酶的热稳定性,并且随机肽链的疏水性一与其对应的延伸突变体酶的热稳定性呈现一定的负相关性,即随机肽链的疏水性越高,对应的突变体酶热稳定性越低。     

紫菜外生细菌抑菌活性及其多聚酮合酶(PKS Ⅰ)基因筛选

[目的]基于紫菜外生细菌抑菌活性的研究,本文对具有广谱抑菌活性的菌株进行了多聚酮合酶(Polyketide synthase Ⅰ,PKS Ⅰ)基因的筛选,以期获得PKS Ⅰ阳性菌株及探讨紫菜藻际微生物区系细菌的拮抗机制与PKS Ⅰ途径的关系.[方法]利用琼脂柱法筛选出具广谱抑菌活性的菌株31株,以其基因组DNA为模板,设计引物扩增酮基合成酶(Ketosynthase, KS)片段基因并将其克隆到pMD19-T Vector,筛选出PKS Ⅰ阳性菌,进行16S rDNA测序分析.[结果]紫菜外生细菌表现出广谱抑菌性.从温州病烂紫菜外生菌中筛选出3株具强抑菌活性的PKS Ⅰ阳性菌,BLAST比对结果显示:菌株WPhG3、WPySw1和WPySw2扩增得到PKS Ⅰ的KS结构域核苷酸序列所对应的氨基酸序列与Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168(NP. 389602)、Bacillussubtilis (ABR19776)和Aspergillus carbonarius(AAZ99721)的PKS Ⅰ的KS结构域的同源性分别达到98%、99%和98%;16S rDNA系统发生学分析显示它们均与Bacillus的同源性最高.[结论]紫菜藻际微生物群落组成复杂,通过多条途径调节藻际微生物区系的平衡.PKS Ⅰ途径可能是温州病烂紫菜外生菌Bacillus表现抑菌活性的一种方式.     

重组人脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ的复性及活性鉴定

建立尿素梯度凝胶过滤复性重组人脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ的方法。将诱导表达的重组人脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ包涵体通过初步纯化后变性,然后在尿素梯度凝胶过滤色谱柱Sephadex G-75中复性,洗脱流速0.4 mL/min,复性完毕后透析除去小分子复性剂,使用琼脂糖电泳法检验其有活性后,再用单向酶扩散法测定其酶活力为655.8 U/mg,复性得率为83.7%。最后通过LC-ESI-MS/MS从氨基酸序列组成上证明复性产物是重组人脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ。结果表明,建立的方法能成功用于复性变性的重组人脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ包涵体蛋白,获得了可用于结构和功能研究的具有生物学活性的重组人脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ。     

过氧化氢酶Ⅰ结构延伸突变改善酶热稳定性的初步研究

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌过氧化氢酶Ⅰ及其取代突变酶８８（２５）的延伸突变是指在酶蛋白的Ｃ末端上连接一段随机肽链,从而改变了酶蛋白的结构．研究结果表明,这种延伸突变的方法非常有效地提高了酶的热稳定性,并且随机肽链的疏水性与其对应的延伸突变体酶的热稳定性呈现一定的负相关性,即随机肽链的疏水性越高,对应的突变体酶热稳定性越低     

Ecotilling,一种检测基因多样性的新方法

定向诱导基因组局部突变(TILLING:TargetingInducedLocalLesionsInGenomes)检测技术是将随机化学诱变与PCR方法结合,对目的基因区域进行鉴定筛选的一种低投入、高通量的反向遗传学方法。“Ecotilling”是利用该技术检测自然群体中存在的基因多样性的新方法。目前,TILLING及Ecotilling已被应用于多个物种的基因多样性的研究。本文系统介绍了TILLING及Ecotilling的定义、技术流程与特点、应用概况、常用工具,并展望了该技术的应用前景。     

武汉地区人群红细胞乙二醛酶Ⅰ(GLO)遗传多态现象的检测

本文介绍了采用琼脂糖-淀粉凝胶电泳技术及碘染色法对203例武汉地区献血员红细胞乙二醛酶I(GLO)的多态现象进行的检测,结果表明,武汉地区人群中GLO′的频率为0.1429,且GLO的表型基因频率符合Hardy-Weinbeig平衡规律。     

甘草酸的提取及其抑菌活性研究

本文对甘草酸的各种提取方法进行了对比研究。结果表明,超声提取与传统搅拌提取、酶解提取及反复冻溶提取相比,是较适于从甘草中快速高效提取甘草酸的新方法,其最优条件为用20倍量0.7%氨水超声处理2次,每次20min。此外,探讨了提取的甘草酸的体外抑菌活性,其对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠埃希氏杆菌,绿脓杆菌和枯草杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为:0.0625,0.125,0.25,0.03125mg/mL,表明其具有较好的抑菌活性。     

人细胞核dUTPase的克隆表达及其酶学活性

以阿尔茨海默病 (Alzheimer’sdisease ,AD)患者脑cDNA文库质粒为模板 ,用PCR方法扩增得到人细胞核dUTP焦磷酸酶 (dUTPase)的cDNA ,将其克隆到谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶 (GST)融合表达载体pGEX 4T 1中 ,并在大肠杆菌BL2 1中获得高效表达 .表达的融合蛋白GST dUTPase经过谷胱甘肽 Sepharose 4B亲和层析 ,凝血酶酶切和SephacrylS 10 0纯化 ,得到高纯度dUTPase蛋白 .通过SDS PAGE ,氨基酸组成分析 ,N端氨基酸序列测定以及HPLC测Mr 结果与期望值一致 .通过检测该酶水解dUTP释放的焦磷酸 (PPi)来测定表达产物dUTPase蛋白及GST dUTPase融合蛋白的酶活性 ,发现两蛋白都具有正常的酶水解dUTP活性 ,但融合蛋白的活性比dUTPase蛋白低 7～ 8倍 .同时研究了Mg2 +和EDTA对酶活性的影响     

朱砂七粗多糖的提取及生物活性的研究

首次从朱砂七中提取粗多糖(PCCP),研究了PCCP对.OH自由基、O2-.自由基和DPPH.自由基的清除能力以及抗脂质过氧化能力,选用人肝癌细胞HepG2,经MTT染色法研究其体外抗肿瘤活性。结果显示,PC-CP的浓度在8.48 mg/mL时,对.OH、O2-.和DPPH.的清除率分别达到了52.3%、54.7%和38.3%;PCCP的浓度在8.48 mg/mL时,对脂质过氧化的抑制率达到了62.0%;PCCP的浓度在277.78μg/mL时,对人肝癌细胞HepG2的抑制率达到了42.6%,表明PCCP具有一定的体外抗氧化能力和体外抗肿瘤活性。     

鼠肝抽提液中磷酸酶活性终止方法的改进

改进了一种分析磷酸酶活性的终止酶反应方法.该方法通过在酶反应进行到一定程度时,在反应混合物中加入酶反应终止液(1mol/L NaOH-0.2mol/L EDTA),从而使测定更简捷、精确.     

水稻功能基因组学研究

水稻是迄今为止第一个被测序的农作物。随着水稻基因组测序计划的完成,以功能基因组学研究为标志的后基因组时代已经到来。综述了水稻功能基因组学的工作进展与方法,主要包括:表达序列标签(EST)c、DNA微阵列和DNA芯片、蛋白质组学、生物信息学和反向遗传学等新方法。     

Purification, cloning, and characterization of the CEL I nuclease

CEL I, isolated from celery, is the first eukaryotic nuclease known that cleaves DNA with high specificity at sites of base-substitution mismatch and DNA distortion. The enzyme requires Mg(2+) and Zn(2+) for activity, with a pH optimum at neutral pH. We have purified CEL I 33 000-fold to apparent homogeneity. A key improvement is the use of alpha-methyl-mannoside in the purification buffers to overcome the aggregation of glycoproteins with endogenous lectins. The SDS gel electrophoresis band for the homogeneous CEL I, with and without the removal of its carbohydrate moieties, was extracted, renatured, and shown to have mismatch cutting specificity. After determination of the amino acid sequence of 28% of the CEL I polypeptide, we cloned the CEL I cDNA. Potential orthologs are nucleases putatively encoded by the genes BFN1 of Arabidopsis, ZEN1 of Zinnia, and DSA6 of daylily. Homologies of CEL I with S1 and P1 nucleases are much lower. We propose that CEL I exemplifies a new family of neutral pH optimum, magnesium-stimulated, mismatch duplex-recognizing nucleases, within the S1 superfamily.     

Assay of Interferon Activity

At present there is a lack of standard criteria for the identification and evaluation of activity of antiviral compounds. Interferon was used to explore comparatively several laboratory methods. Interferon was produced in chick embryos and in chorioallantoic membranes suspended in vitro. Evaluation of interferon activity was performed by several methods: (i) percentage of inhibition of plaque-forming units; (ii) hemagglutinin reduction of challenge virus; (iii) titer of cytopathic effect of challenge virus; and (iv) plaque-inhibition test. The suggested methods for measurement are those which express the titer of challenge virus in plaque-forming units or in hemagglutinating units.     

Recombinant nucleases CEL I from celery and SP I from spinach for mutation detection

Background  

The detection of unknown mutations is important in research and medicine. For this purpose, a mismatch-specific endonuclease CEL I from celery has been established as a useful tool in high throughput projects. Previously, CEL I-like activities were described only in a variety of plants and could not be expressed in an active form in bacteria.     

Assay of Interferon Activity

At present there is a lack of standard criteria for the identification and evaluation of activity of antiviral compounds. Interferon was used to explore comparatively several laboratory methods. Interferon was produced in chick embryos and in chorioallantoic membranes suspended in vitro. Evaluation of interferon activity was performed by several methods: (i) percentage of inhibition of plaque-forming units; (ii) hemagglutinin reduction of challenge virus; (iii) titer of cytopathic effect of challenge virus; and (iv) plaque-inhibition test. The suggested methods for measurement are those which express the titer of challenge virus in plaque-forming units or in hemagglutinating units.     

Measurement of Serine Acetyltransferase Activity in Crude Plant Extracts by a Coupled Assay System Using Cysteine Synthase

Serine acetyltransferase (SATase) (EC 2.3.1.30 [EC] ) catalyzes theformation of Oacetyl-L-serine (OAS) from L-serine in the presenceof acetyl-CoA. A novel assay method was developed for measuringthis enzyme activity in extracts from plant tissues. The assayconsists of a coupled system in which the OAS formed is convertedto cysteine by the addition of cysteine synthase (CSase) (EC4.2.99.8 [EC] ). Cysteine thus formed is determined colorimetricallyand serves as a measure for SATase activity. This method israpid, simple and sensitive, and can be readily adapted formeasurement of SATase activity in crude tissue extracts or homogenates. (Received January 14, 1987; Accepted April 27, 1987)